Search results for "oligo"
showing 10 items of 1298 documents
Sample pretreatment techniques for oligopeptide analysis from natural sources
2008
The analysis of oligopeptides in samples of food, tissues, and body fluids attracts considerable attention. The complexity of such samples requires efficient sample preparation (i.e., concentration and cleanup) procedures to remove interfering endogenous compounds and inorganic or organic salts. The methods of sample pretreatment that enable effective and selective isolation and/or preconcentration of oligopeptides from complex sample matrices have been reviewed. In each case, examples of application were presented and discussed, taking into account selectivity, enrichment, method automation, cleanup, and environmental aspects of the developed methods.
Synthesis of the new oligopeptide pyrrole derivative isonetropsin and its one pyrrole unit analogue
2013
We have designed and synthesized isonetropsin and its one pyrrole unit analogue in which the amine and carbonyl groups have been switched in positions 2 and 4, respectively instead of 4 and 2 positions of the natural antibiotic netropsin.
Asymmetric Demand Information and Foreign Direct Investment
2007
We examine the FDI versus exports decision of firms competing in an oligopolistic (quantitysetting) market under demand uncertainty and asymmetric information. Compared to a firm that chooses to export, a firm that chooses to set up a plant in the host market has superior information about local market demand. In addition to the well-known tension between the fixed set-up costs of investment, the additional variable costs of exports and oligopoly sizes, the incentive to invest abroad is explained by the strategic learning effect. FDI may be observed even if trade costs are zero. The analysis is robust to price competition and to the possibility that a foreign firm can engage in both FDI and…
R&D Network Formation with Myopic and Farsighted Firms
2018
We study the formation of R&D networks when each firm benefits from the research done by other firms it is connected to. Firms can be either myopic or farsighted when deciding about the links they want to form. We propose the notion of myopic-farsighted stable set to determine the R&D networks that emerge in the long run. When the majority of firms is myopic, stability leads to R&D networks consisting of either two asymmetric components with the largest component comprises three-quarters of firms or two symmetric components of nearly equal size with the largest component having only myopic firms. But, once the majority of firms becomes farsighted, only R&D networks with two asymmetric compo…
Investigating sales and advertising rivalry in the UK multipurpose vehicle market (1995–2002)
2007
To what extent do managers account for rivals’ advertising responses? We employ static and dynamic panel techniques to derive estimates that are used to test whether the Dorfman-Steiner optimality condition held in the UK multipurpose vehicle (MPV) market between 1995 and 2002. We show that omitting the response of own advertising to rivals’ advertising leads to substantially lower optimal levels of advertising expenditure compatible with non-retaliation strategies. When recognition of interdependence by the members of the oligopoly is taken into account, the Dorfman-Steiner condition holds. To complete the analysis of the advertising-sales relationship we also examine advertising determina…
Industrial loans and market structure
2003
Abstract Based on the observation that financing is one of the main obstacles to create new firms, this paper deals with the interactions between the market structure of both the banking sector and the borrowing industries. We consider that firms’ installation costs are financed by means of industrial loans from specialized banks. With endogenous entry in banking activity as well as in the borrowing industry, we find that a natural oligopoly emerges in both sectors if the entry cost in the industrial sector is small enough, relative to the banks’ entry cost.
Concentration Dynamics in the Market for Audit of Public Interest Entities in Latvia
2020
This paper studies the dynamics of concentration levels in the market for audit of public interest entities (further PIEs) in Latvia from 2016 to 2018. This is important to identify initial effects on concentration and the likely consequences of the new EU statutory audit legislation (i.e. Directive 2014/56/EU and Regulation 537/2014) entered into force in June 2016. This paper relies primarily on the analysis of the annual reports of Latvian PIE audit firms and their associates and computes some key measures describing concentration – the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and concentration ratios CR1 or CR4. It also analyses market concentration in different categories of PIEs, notably banks. The…
A Model of Multiproduct Price Competition
1997
Abstract We provide a simple model of price competition in a multiproduct oligopoly market. The products are of general nature. We find that a pure strategy equilibrium exists and every equilibrium consumption maximizes the total social surplus. Consumers are characterized by a set function which determines their willingness to pay for every subset of products. If this function is convex, the set of equilibrium prices coincides with the core of a cooperative game generated by this set function and the firms extract total industry surplus. If it is concave, the only equilibrium price of a product is its marginal contribution to the consumer's total willingness to pay. Journal of Economic Lit…
Cost uncertainty and trade liberalization in international oligopoly
1998
Abstract Trade liberalization has been shown to be unfavourable for firms of at least one country for the homogeneous goods case in an environment of certainty. We show that, in the presence of private cost information and for ex ante identical firms, oligopolistic firms will prefer to operate under free trade rather than under autarky in homogeneous goods industries provided there exists a certain degree of firms' heterogeneity and a sufficiently large amount of uncertainty. For the particular case of symmetry both in demand and industry sizes, the firms of at least one country prefer to operate under autarky rather than under free trade.