Search results for "peripheral nervous system"
showing 10 items of 90 documents
A systematic review of animal models for experimental neuroma
2015
Summary Peripheral neuromas can result in an unbearable neuropathic pain and functional impairment. Their treatment is still challenging, and their optimal management is to be defined. Experimental research still plays a major role, but - although numerous neuroma models have been proposed on different animals - there is still no single model recognised as being the reference. Several models show advantages over the others in specific aspects of neuroma physiopathology, prevention or treatment, making it unlikely that a single model could be of reference. A reproducible and standardised model of peripheral neuroma would allow better comparison of results from different studies. We present a…
Neuropathic pain. Redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes.
2008
Pain usually results from activation of nociceptive afferents by actually or potentially tissue-damaging stimuli. Pain may also arise by activity generated within the nervous system without adequate stimulation of its peripheral sensory endings. For this type of pain, the International Association for the Study of Pain introduced the term neuropathic pain, defined as "pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system." While this definition has been useful in distinguishing some characteristics of neuropathic and nociceptive types of pain, it lacks defined boundaries. Since the sensitivity of the nociceptive system is modulated by its adequate activation (e.g…
Residual neurotoxicity in ovarian cancer patients in clinical remission after first-line chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel: the Multicente…
2006
Abstract Background Carboplatin/paclitaxel is the chemotherapy of choice for advanced ovarian cancer, both in first line and in platinum-sensitive recurrence. Although a significant proportion of patients have some neurotoxicity during treatment, the long-term outcome of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy has been scantly studied. We retrospectively assessed the prevalence of residual neuropathy in a cohort of patients in clinical remission after first-line carboplatin/paclitaxel for advanced ovarian cancer. Methods 120 patients have been included in this study (101 participating in a multicentre phase III trial evaluating the efficacy of consolidation treatment with topotecan, and 19 treated …
Peripheral Neuropathy in the Hypereosinophilic Syndrome: A Case Report
1989
We observed a patient with the hypereosinophilic syndrome that showed as a prominent clinical feature peripheral nerve dysfunction. The neuropathy evolved over 4 months and affected sensory and motor functions. Nerve conduction studies and EMG were compatible with axonal neuropathy. Nerve and muscle biopsies revealed severe axonal degeneration with neurogenic atrophy of muscle. Morphometry of peroneal nerve showed marked axonal loss, more prominent in large myelinated fibers. There was no evidence of vasculitis process. Neuropathy is produced by eosinophil-released substances exerting a neurotoxic effect through direct altered vascular endothelial permeability and local mast cell histamine …
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Therapy Promotes Nerve Regeneration in a Sciatic Nerve Graft Model in Rats
2014
: Incomplete nerve regeneration after injuries to the peripheral nervous system remains a significant problem in clinical routine and raises the need for supportive strategies. In this study we examined the effect of VEGF-gene therapy on nerve recovery after an auto-graft implantation in a 2 cm sciatic nerve defect model in 18 rats, using an adenoviral vector encoding for VEGF165 (AdCMV.VEGF 165 ) for gene transduction. Functional recovery was assessed weekly by gait analyses of the rats’ hind limbs. Morphometric evaluation including histology, axon counts, motor neuron counts and corrosion casting was carried out 18 weeks post-op. VEGF-treated animals contained a higher proportion of large…
S100α and S100β proteins in human cutaneous sensory corpuscles: Effects of nerve and spinal cord injury
1998
S100 protein in the vertebrate peripheral nervous system consists of homo- or heterodimers of S100α and S100β proteins, the first predominating in neurons and the second in glial cells. Recently, however, occurrence of S100β protein in neurons has been reported. The expression of S100 protein by Schwann cells, as well as their derivatives in sensory corpuscles, depends on the sensory axon (i.e., the Schwann cell–axon contact). The present study analyzed the distribution of S100α and S100β proteins in human cutaneous sensory corpuscles and the effects of peripheral or central sensory axon severance in the expression of these proteins. Simple or double immunohistochemistry was carried out usi…
Out-of-the-box pelvic surgery including iliopsoas resection for recurrent gynecological malignancies: Does that make sense? A single-institution case…
2017
Abstract Objective To report morbidity and oncological outcomes in a consecutive series of lateral isolated recurrent gynecological cancer involving the pelvic side wall (PSW) including the iliopsoas muscle. Material and methods We retrospectively evaluated a consecutive series between 6/2013 and 12/2015 of lateral isolated recurrent gynecological malignancies treated with a lateral endopelvic resection (LEPR). LEPR was defined as an en-bloc lateral resection of a pelvic tumor with sidewall muscle, and/or bone, and/or major nerve, and/or major vascular structure. Post-surgical complications, quality of life (QoL) and survivals were computed. Results Seventy-four women with pelvic isolated r…
Temperature dependence of the toxic effects of phenytoin on peripheral neuromuscular function of the rat tail.
1990
We studied the acute effects of a single dose of phenytoin (250 mg/kg) on peripheral neuromuscular function. The evoked muscle action potentials of the dorsal segmental muscles in the rat tail, and the conduction velocity of the dorsal nerve trunk which innervates them, were measured before and after the intraperitoneal injection of phenytoin. The experiments were performed at different temperatures, 27 (physiological tail temperature), 36 and 37 degrees C (physiological central temperature) in different groups of animals. The amplitudes of the evoked muscle action potentials in the treated groups showed no significant modifications at 27 degrees C, at 36 degrees C a small nonsignificant de…
Evidence for extrinsic control of oesophageal primary peristalsis.
1985
AbstractThe role of both peripheral and central mechanism in the control of primary peristalsis was studied in pigeon cervical oesophagus.The results from the transection of oesophageal muscular wall and of extrinsic nerves suggest that :i) primary peristalsis is programmed centrally.ii) extrinsic motor input is carried in glossopharyngeal nerves and distributed separately at each oesophageal level through intramural neurons.iii) intramural neurons do not seem capable of propagating the peristaltic sequence irrespective of the central control.
Ultrastructural study of the retina in late infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy.
1992
The autopsy of a 2-year-old girl revealed a clinically unrecognized metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) due to an aryl-sulfatase A deficiency, characteristically affecting the central and peripheral nervous system by demyelination and by accumulation of metachromatic material. The retina though reported clinically as normal, showed the same demyelinating process in the optic nerve including the papilla but an additional intraneuronal storage of MLD-typical lysosomal residual bodies in ganglion cell perikarya of the retina. Cells of the bipolar and photoreceptor layers as well as pigment epithelial cells were not affected by MLD-specific lysosomal storage. Thus, sulfatides seem to play a part…