Search results for "personalized"

Genomic Testing for Human Health and Disease Across the Life Cycle: Applications and Ethical, Legal, and Social Challenges

2019

The expanding use of genomic technologies encompasses all phases of life, from the embryo to the elderly, and even the posthumous phase. In this paper, we present the spectrum of genomic healthcare applications, and describe their scope and challenges at different stages of the life cycle. The integration of genomic technology into healthcare presents unique ethical issues that challenge traditional aspects of healthcare delivery. These challenges include the different definitions of utility as applied to genomic information; the particular characteristics of genetic data that influence how it might be protected, used and shared; and the difficulties applying existing models of informed con…

ESMO Consensus Guidelines for management of patients with colon and rectal cancer. A personalized approach to clinical decision making

2012

Contains fulltext : 111010pub.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common tumour type in both sexes combined in Western countries. Although screening programmes including the implementation of faecal occult blood test and colonoscopy might be able to reduce mortality by removing precursor lesions and by making diagnosis at an earlier stage, the burden of disease and mortality is still high. Improvement of diagnostic and treatment options increased staging accuracy, functional outcome for early stages as well as survival. Although high quality surgery is still the mainstay of curative treatment, the management of CRC must be a multi-modal approach pe…

Context matters-consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer as biomarkers for clinical trials

2019

Abstract The Colorectal Cancer Subtyping Consortium identified four gene expression consensus molecular subtypes, CMS1 (immune), CMS2 (canonical), CMS3 (metabolic), and CMS4 (mesenchymal), using multiple microarray or RNA-sequencing datasets of primary tumor samples mainly from early stage colon cancer patients. Consequently, rectal tumors and stage IV tumors (possibly reflective of more aggressive disease) were underrepresented, and no chemo- and/or radiotherapy pretreated samples or metastatic lesions were included. In view of their possible effect on gene expression and consequently subtype classification, sample source and treatments received by the patients before collection must be ca…

Network reconstruction for trans acting genetic loci using multi-omics data and prior information.

2022

Background: Molecular measurements of the genome, the transcriptome, and the epigenome, often termed multi-omics data, provide an in-depth view on biological systems and their integration is crucial for gaining insights in complex regulatory processes. These data can be used to explain disease related genetic variants by linking them to intermediate molecular traits (quantitative trait loci, QTL). Molecular networks regulating cellular processes leave footprints in QTL results as so-called trans-QTL hotspots. Reconstructing these networks is a complex endeavor and use of biological prior information can improve network inference. However, previous efforts were limited in the types of priors…

New imaging techniques and opportunities in endoscopy.

2011

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is undergoing major improvements, which are driven by new available technologies and substantial refinements of optical features. In this Review, we summarize available and evolving imaging technologies that could influence the clinical algorithm of endoscopic diagnosis. Detection, characterization and confirmation are essential steps required for proper endoscopic diagnosis. Optical and nonoptical methods can help to improve each step; these improvements are likely to increase the detection rate of neoplasias and reduce unnecessary endoscopic treatments. Furthermore, functional and molecular imaging are emerging as new diagnostic tools that could provide an oppor…

2015

Drug resistance still impedes successful cancer chemotherapy. A major goal of early concepts in individualized therapy was to develop in vitro tests to predict tumors' drug responsiveness. We have developed an in vitro short-term test based on nucleic acid precursor incorporation to determine clinical drug resistance. This test detects inherent and acquired resistance in vitro and transplantable syngeneic and xenografted tumors in vivo. In several clinical trials, clinical resistance was predictable with more than 90% accuracy, while drug sensitivity was detected with less accuracy (~60%). Remarkably, clinical cross-resistance to numerous drugs (multidrug resistance, broad spectrum resistan…

Impact of reslizumab on outcomes of severe asthmatic patients: current perspectives.

2018

Approximately 5%-10% of asthmatics suffer from severe asthma. New biological treatments represent a great opportunity to reduce asthma burden and to improve asthma patients' lives. Reslizumab will soon be available in several European countries. This anti-IL-5 IgG4/kappa monoclonal antibody, administered intravenously at a dose of 3 mg/kg over 20-50 minutes every 4 weeks, has been shown to be safe and effective in patients with 400 eosinophils/mu L or more in their peripheral blood. The clinical effects in reducing asthma exacerbations and in improving the quality of life and lung function are clear, but further research is needed to determine the best biological compound for a specific clu…

LA TUTORÍA UNIVERSITARIA ENTRE LATINOAMÉRICA Y EUROPA: EL CASO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL (ARGENTINA) Y EL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE ESTUDIOS DE PALERMO (I…

2021

espanolLas directrices internacionales formuladas para la construccion de un Espacio Europeo y Latinoamericano de Educacion Superior, destacan un modelo educativo destinado a involucrar activamente a los estudiantes universitarios en los servicios de tutoria y hacerlos autonomos en los procesos de aprendizaje. En este articulo −aplicando una metodologia descriptiva-lineal y top-down− se proporciona una vision bilateral de la tutoria universitaria: se aborda este tema contextualizandolo antes en America Latina y luego en Argentina, terminando con un enfoque particular en la Universidad Austral de Buenos Aires; a continuacion se enmarca analogamente antes en el ambito europeo, luego en el ita…

A 5-year multicentre randomized controlled trial comparing personalized, frozen and fresh blastocyst transfer in IVF.

2020

Abstract Research question Does clinical performance of personalized embryo transfer (PET) guided by endometrial receptivity analysis (ERA) differ from frozen embryo transfer (FET) or fresh embryo transfer in infertile patients undergoing IVF? Design Multicentre, open-label randomized controlled trial; 458 patients aged 37 years or younger undergoing IVF with blastocyst transfer at first appointment were randomized to PET guided by ERA, FET or fresh embryo transfer in 16 reproductive clinics. Results Clinical outcomes by intention-to-treat analysis were comparable, but cumulative pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the PET (93.6%) compared with FET (79.7%) (P = 0.0005) and fresh embr…

Epigenetic Biomarkers

2016

Our epigenome is characterized by its ability to dynamically respond to intra- and extracellular stimuli. These epigenetic changes are reversible and consequently are potential contributors to health and disease. Epigenetic biomarkers are emerging as tools for the screening and early detection of various diseases, for prognostic and treatment monitoring, and for predicting future risk of disease development. In clinical practice, this will contribute to the development of in vitro diagnostic and prognostic tools, which in turn may also lead to advances in personalized medicine. In this chapter we propose a definition for epigenetic biomarkers and describe different technologies used for the…