Search results for "probe"
showing 10 items of 534 documents
Discussion of “Laboratory and field calibration of the Diviner 2000 probe in two types of soil” by J. Haberland, PhD, R. Galvez, C. Kremer, PhD, and …
2014
The authors deal with the quite interesting and actual problem of Diviner 2000 capacitance probe calibration and present some field and laboratory data obtained on two different layers (0-0.26 cm and 0.26-0.50 cm) of the same soil profile, characterized by different textural class. The importance of site-specific calibration of sensors used to monitor soil or plant water status assumes a particular relevance in semi-arid environments where the application of precision irrigation represents an appropriate management strategy aimed to achieve high values of water use efficiency (Cammalleri et al., 2013). Moreover in clay soils, physical properties are strongly influenced by soil water content…
Know your full potential: Quantitative Kelvin probe force microscopy on nanoscale electrical devices
2018
In this study we investigate the influence of the operation method in Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) on the measured potential distribution. KPFM is widely used to map the nanoscale potential distribution in operating devices, e.g., in thin film transistors or on cross sections of functional solar cells. Quantitative surface potential measurements are crucial for understanding the operation principles of functional nanostructures in these electronic devices. Nevertheless, KPFM is prone to certain imaging artifacts, such as crosstalk from topography or stray electric fields. Here, we compare different amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) KPFM methods on a reference s…
Nanostructured molecular surfaces: advances in investigation and patterning tools
2009
This feature article is aimed to showcase advanced soft and radiationless nanotools for the morphological characterization and for the preparation/modification of molecular surfaces, namely solid supported ultrathin films not exceeding 1–2 molecular layers. As to the characterization, the development of dynamic scanning force microscopy in attractive regime is presented as an important progress at least as far as it concerns imaging of nanoscale features of molecular surfaces with minimal probe–sample physical interaction. To date, this tool has been applied only by a few groups in spite of its larger resolution and image quality than the conventional scanning probe methods. As to the prepa…
Broad spectrum of Fabry disease manifestation in an extended Spanish family with a new deletion in the GLA gene
2012
Background. Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inherited disease based on the absence or reduction of lysosomal-galactosidase (Gla) activity. The enzymatic defect results in progressive impairment of cerebrovascular, renal and cardiac function. Normally, female heterozygote mutation carriers are less strongly affected than male hemizygotes aggravating disease diagnosis. Method. Close examination of the patients by renal biopsy, echo- and electrocardiography and MRI. Blood work and subsequent DNA analysis were carried out utilizing approved protocols for PCR and Sequencing. MLPA analysis was done to unveil deletions within the GLA gene locus. Quantitative detection of Glycolipids in patient p…
The overstated generational gap in online news use? A consolidated infrastructural perspective
2021
Recent research by Taneja et al. suggested that digital infrastructures diminish the generational gap in news use by counteracting preference structures. We expand on this seminal work by arguing that an infrastructural perspective requires overcoming limitations of highly aggregated web tracking data used in prior research. We analyze the individual browsing histories of two representative samples of German Internet users collected in 2012 ( N = 2970) and 2018 ( N = 2045) and find robust evidence for a smaller generational gap in online news use than commonly assumed. While short news website visits mostly demonstrated infrastructural factors, longer news use episodes were shaped more by …
Fall of Potential Measurement of the Earth Resistance in Urban Environments: Accuracy Evaluation
2019
Both Standards EN 50522 and IEEE 81 propose the fall of potential method (FPM) to carry out the measurement of the resistance to earth ( $R_{\text{ES}}$ ) of an earthing system (ES). However, in urban areas, the recommended distances between the ES and auxiliary electrodes are not easy to respect, due to the presence of buildings and tarmac. Furthermore, unknown buried metallic parts and interconnections among ESs could modify the earth potential profile of the area, affecting the measurement results. In this paper, the key-issues that influence the measured $R_{\text{ES}}$ when the FPM is used in an urban environment are presented. A parametric analysis, carried out with Comsol Multiphysic…
Glucocorticoid receptor (DlGR1) is expressed in pre-larval and larval stages of the teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax.
2008
Glucocorticoid hormone receptors (GR), members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, are ligand-dependent transcription factors expressed in various tissues by binding to specific DNA sequences. Since glucocorticoids have a role in maintaining the homeostatic status in fish, we previously cloned and sequenced a GR (DlGR1) of adult Dicentrarchus labrax; we also showed mRNA expression (in situ hybridization) and tissue immunohistochemical localization of DlGR1 in several organs. This work has now been extended to the examination of the expression, tissue distribution, and cytolocalization of DlGR1 in larval developmental stages by similar methods to those used for the adult organs. The…
Expression of a glucocorticoid receptor (DlGR1) in several tissues of the teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax
2008
Since glucocorticoids have a role in maintaining the homeostatic status in fish, in the present paper mRNA expression (in situ hybridization) and tissue immunohistochemical localization of a glucocorticoid receptor (DlGR1) in several Dicentrarchus labrax organs are reported. Riboprobe and specific antibodies were prepared by using the DlGR1 that has been previously cloned and sequenced from peritoneal cavity leukocytes. Both mRNA and receptor were identified in head kidney, spleen, gills, intestine, heart and liver tissues. The functional roles of DlGR1 localization are discussed.
Floquet analysis of excitations in materials
2019
Abstract Controlled excitation of materials can transiently induce changed or novel properties with many fundamental and technological implications. Especially, the concept of Floquet engineering and the manipulation of the electronic structure via dressing with external lasers have attracted some recent interest. Here we review the progress made in defining Floquet material properties and give a special focus on their signatures in experimental observables as well as considering recent experiments realizing Floquet phases in solid state materials. We discuss how a wide range of experiments with non-equilibrium electronic structure can be viewed by employing Floquet theory as an analysis to…
Phonon Driven Floquet Matter.
2018
The effect of electron–phonon coupling in materials can be interpreted as a dressing of the electronic structure by the lattice vibration, leading to vibrational replicas and hybridization of electronic states. In solids, a resonantly excited coherent phonon leads to a periodic oscillation of the atomic lattice in a crystal structure bringing the material into a nonequilibrium electronic configuration. Periodically oscillating quantum systems can be understood in terms of Floquet theory, which has a long tradition in the study of semiclassical light-matter interaction. Here, we show that the concepts of Floquet analysis can be applied to coherent lattice vibrations. This coupling leads to p…