Search results for "profiling"

Chemical Proteomic Analysis of Serine Hydrolase Activity in Niemann-Pick Type C Mouse Brain

2018

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is considered to be an endogenous protective system in various neurodegenerative diseases. Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is a neurodegenerative disease in which the role of the ECS has not been studied yet. Most of the endocannabinoid enzymes are serine hydrolases, which can be studied using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP). Here, we report the serine hydrolase activity in brain proteomes of a NPC mouse model as measured by ABPP. Two ABPP methods are used: a gel-based method and a chemical proteomics method. The activities of the following endocannabinoid enzymes were quantified: diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL) α, α/β-hydrolase domain-containing protein 4, α…

Controlled intermittent shortening contractions of a muscle-tendon complex: muscle fibre damage and effects on force transmission from a single head …

2005

This study was performed to examine effects of prolonged (3 h) intermittent shortening (amplitude 2 mm) contractions (muscles were excited maximally) of head III of rat extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL III) on indices of muscle damage and on force transmission within the intact anterior crural compartment. Three hours after the EDL III exercise, muscle fibre damage, as assessed by immunohistochemical staining of structural proteins (i.e. dystrophin, desmin, titin, laminin-2), was found in EDL, tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor hallucis longus (EHL) muscles. The damaged muscle fibres were not uniformly distributed throughout the muscle cross-sections, but were located predominantly ne…

Toxicogenomics for the prediction of toxicity related to herbs from traditional Chinese medicine.

2010

Toxicogenomics represents the integration of genomics and toxicology to investigate the interaction between genes and environmental stress in human health. It is a scientific field that studies how the genome is involved in responses to environmental stressors and toxicants. The patterns of altered gene expression that are caused by specific exposures or disease outcomes reveal how toxicants may act and cause disease. Nowadays, toxicogenomics faces great challenges in discriminating the molecular basis of toxicity. We do believe that advances in this field will eventually allow us to describe all the toxicological interactions that occur within a living system. Toxicogenomic responses of a …

Genomic response programs of Candida albicans following protoplasting and regeneration

2005

Transcription profiling of Candida albicans cells responding to the elimination of the wall (protoplasts) and posterior regeneration was explored. DNA microarrays were used to measure changes in the expression of 6039 genes, and the upregulated genes during regeneration at 28 degrees C were assigned to fourteen categories. A total of 407 genes were upregulated during the process, of which 144 reached a maximum after 1 h. MKC1, a gene encoding a member of the regulatory pathway involved in cell wall integrity was overexpressed. Time-dependent expression divided the genes into 40 clusters. Clusters 1-19 were highly expressed initially (time 0) and downregulated following incubation, whereas t…

Reciprocal regulation of the Il9 locus by counteracting activities of transcription factors IRF1 and IRF4.

2017

The T helper 9 (Th9) cell transcriptional network is formed by an equilibrium of signals induced by cytokines and antigen presentation. Here we show that, within this network, two interferon regulatory factors (IRF), IRF1 and IRF4, display opposing effects on Th9 differentiation. IRF4 dose-dependently promotes, whereas IRF1 inhibits, IL-9 production. Likewise, IRF1 inhibits IL-9 production by human Th9 cells. IRF1 counteracts IRF4-driven Il9 promoter activity, and IRF1 and IRF4 have opposing function on activating histone modifications, thus modulating RNA polymerase II recruitment. IRF1 occupancy correlates with decreased IRF4 abundance, suggesting an IRF1-IRF4-binding competition at the I…

Sequential transcriptome analysis of human liver cancer indicates late stage acquisition of malignant traits

2014

Background & Aims Human hepatocarcinogenesis is as a multi-step process starting from dysplastic lesions to early carcinomas (eHCC) that ultimately progress to HCC (pHCC). However, the sequential molecular alterations driving malignant transformation of the pre-neoplastic lesions are not clearly defined. This lack of information represents a major challenge in the clinical management of patients at risk. Methods We applied next-generation transcriptome sequencing to tumor-free surrounding liver (n=7), low- (n=4) and high-grade (n=9) dysplastic lesions, eHCC (n=5) and pHCC (n=3) from 8 HCC patients with hepatitis B infection. Integrative analyses of genetic and transcriptomic changes were pe…

Pricavy-Preserving Aspects for Data Mining in ICT Services

The steady adoption of systems for profiling users behavior, collecting and critically interpreting as much information as possible about likes and dislikes, interests and habits of Internet residents and generic services consumers have rapidly become some of the hottest keywords within networking research community. Indeed, mining information about users behavior is an advantage for both service providers and service customers: on one side, providers can improve their revenues by focusing on the most successful features of their services, while on the other side, users can enjoy services which reflect closer their specific needs. There are many examples of user profiling applications. Inte…

Inducing Cold-Sensitivity in the Frigophilic Fly Drosophila montana by RNAi.

2016

Cold acclimation is a critical physiological adaptation for coping with seasonal cold. By increasing their cold tolerance individuals can remain active for longer at the onset of winter and can recover more quickly from a cold shock. In insects, despite many physiological studies, little is known about the genetic basis of cold acclimation. Recently, transcriptomic analyses in Drosophila virilis and D. montana revealed candidate genes for cold acclimation by identifying genes upregulated during exposure to cold. Here, we test the role of myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (Inos), in cold tolerance in D. montana using an RNAi approach. D. montana has a circumpolar distribution and overwinters…

Mitochondrial DNA in the central european population

2000

Sequencing of mtDNA is an advanced method for the individualisation of traces. Disadvantages of this method are expensive and time-consuming analysis and evaluation procedures as well as the necessary stock of population-genetic data which is still insufficient. Central European institutes of forensic medicine from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland have been working together since the beginning of 1998 to establish a mtDNA database. The aim is to build up a large stock of forensically established data and provide population-genetic data for frequency investigations, which will serve as a basis for expert opinions and scientific research. Good data quality is ensured by using original sequen…

Expression profiling of human fetal growth plate cartilage by EST sequencing.

2005

The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into hypertrophic chondrocytes is an integral and multistep process important in pattern formation, endochondral ossification, and postnatal growth of the skeleton. In recent years, novel genes involved in these processes have been identified, but still only little is known about the large-scale gene expression profile during skeletal development. We initiated an expressed sequence tag (EST) project aiming at the identification of genes and pathways involved in this complex process. Candidate genes are expected to be of value for diagnosis and treatment of monogenic and multigenic heritable disorders of the skeleton. Here, we describe the sequen…