Search results for "regulator"

showing 10 items of 1009 documents

Hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and function are controlled by the CYLD–TRAF2–p38MAPK pathway

2015

Tesio at al. identify a novel pathway controlled by the tumor suppressor and deubiquitinase cylindromatosis (CYLD), which is involved in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and repopulation potential.

TRAF2Tumor suppressor geneMAP Kinase Signaling SystemImmunologyRegulatorBiologyp38 Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesArticleMicemedicineAnimalsImmunology and AllergyMice KnockoutRegulation of gene expressionNF-kappa BHematopoietic stem cellCell BiologyHematopoietic Stem CellsTNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2PhenotypeDeubiquitinating Enzyme CYLDCell biologyCysteine EndopeptidasesHaematopoiesismedicine.anatomical_structureGene Expression RegulationMutationStem cellJournal of Experimental Medicine
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Binding properties and stability of the Ras-association domain of Rap1-GTP interacting adapter molecule (RIAM).

2012

The Rap1-GTP interacting adapter protein (RIAM) is an important protein in Rap1-mediated integrin activation. By binding to both Rap1 GTPase and talin, RIAM recruits talin to the cell membrane, thus facilitating talin-dependent integrin activation. In this article, we studied the role of the RIAM Ras-association (RA) and pleckstrin-homology (PH) domains in the interaction with Rap1. We found that the RA domain was sufficient for GTP-dependent interaction with Rap1B, and the addition of the PH domain did not change the binding affinity. We also detected GTP-independent interaction of Rap1B with the N-terminus of RIAM. In addition, we found that the PH domain stabilized the RA domain both in …

TalinIntegrinsGTP'lcsh:MedicineGTPaseSignal transductionBiochemistryProtein structureMolecular cell biologyRIAMlcsh:Science0303 health sciencesMultidisciplinarybiologyProtein Stability030302 biochemistry & molecular biologySignal transducing adaptor proteinrap1 GTP-Binding ProteinssitoutuminenCell biologyPleckstrin homology domainRap1Research Articleendocrine systemvuorovaikutusProtein domainIntegrinSignaling in cellular processesPhosphoinositide Signal TransductionSignaling Pathways03 medical and health sciencesCell AdhesionHumansProtein InteractionsBiologyGTPase signaling030304 developmental biologyRas signalingAdaptor Proteins Signal Transducingintegriinitlcsh:RProteinsMembrane ProteinsRegulatory ProteinsProtein Structure TertiaryCytoskeletal Proteinsenzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates)rap GTP-Binding ProteinsCell movement signalingbiology.proteinta1181lcsh:QPLoS ONE
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Chromatin modifiers and recombination factors promote a telomere fold-back structure, that is lost during replicative senescence.

2020

Telomeres have the ability to adopt a lariat conformation and hence, engage in long and short distance intra-chromosome interactions. Budding yeast telomeres were proposed to fold back into subtelomeric regions, but a robust assay to quantitatively characterize this structure has been lacking. Therefore, it is not well understood how the interactions between telomeres and non-telomeric regions are established and regulated. We employ a telomere chromosome conformation capture (Telo-3C) approach to directly analyze telomere folding and its maintenance in S. cerevisiae. We identify the histone modifiers Sir2, Sin3 and Set2 as critical regulators for telomere folding, which suggests that a dis…

TelomeraseProtein Folding:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::DNA-Binding Proteins::Rad52 DNA Repair and Recombination Protein [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Fungal Proteins::Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins [Medical Subject Headings]Gene ExpressionYeast and Fungal ModelsArtificial Gene Amplification and ExtensionQH426-470BiochemistryPolymerase Chain ReactionChromosome conformation captureHistonesCromatina0302 clinical medicineSirtuin 2Macromolecular Structure AnalysisSilent Information Regulator Proteins Saccharomyces cerevisiaeCellular Senescence:Organisms::Eukaryota::Fungi::Yeasts::Saccharomyces::Saccharomyces cerevisiae [Medical Subject Headings]0303 health sciencesChromosome BiologyEukaryota:Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Processes::DNA Replication [Medical Subject Headings]TelomereSubtelomere:Anatomy::Cells::Cellular Structures::Intracellular Space::Cell Nucleus::Cell Nucleus Structures::Intranuclear Space::Chromosomes::Chromosome Structures::Telomere [Medical Subject Headings]Chromatin3. Good healthChromatinCell biologyNucleic acidsTelomeres:Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Cycle::Cell Division::Telomere Homeostasis [Medical Subject Headings]Experimental Organism SystemsDaño del ADNEpigeneticsResearch ArticleSenescenceDNA Replication:Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases::Amidohydrolases::Histone Deacetylases [Medical Subject Headings]Chromosome Structure and FunctionProtein StructureSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeBiologyResearch and Analysis MethodsHistone DeacetylasesChromosomes03 medical and health sciencesSaccharomycesModel Organisms:Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Transferases::One-Carbon Group Transferases::Methyltransferases [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::Sirtuins::Sirtuin 2 [Medical Subject Headings]:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Fungal Proteins::Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins::Silent Information Regulator Proteins Saccharomyces cerevisiae [Medical Subject Headings]DNA-binding proteinsGenetics:Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Recombinases::Rec A Recombinases::Rad51 Recombinase [Medical Subject Headings]Molecular Biology TechniquesMolecular Biology030304 developmental biologyCromosomasSenescencia celularOrganismsFungiBiology and Life SciencesProteinsTelomere HomeostasisCell BiologyDNAMethyltransferasesG2-M DNA damage checkpointProteína recombinante y reparadora de ADN Rad52YeastTelomereRad52 DNA Repair and Recombination ProteinRepressor ProteinsAnimal Studies:Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins::Proteins::Transcription Factors::Repressor Proteins [Medical Subject Headings]DNA damageRad51 RecombinaseHomologous recombination030217 neurology & neurosurgeryTelómeroDNA DamagePLoS Genetics
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The histone deacetylase Rpd3 regulates the heterochromatin structure of Drosophila telomeres

2011

Telomeres are specialized structures at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes that are required to preserve genome integrity, chromosome stability and nuclear architecture. Telomere maintenance and function are established epigenetically in several eukaryotes. However, the exact chromatin enzymatic modifications regulating telomere homeostasis are poorly understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, telomere length and stability are maintained through the retrotransposition of specialized telomeric sequences and by the specific loading of protecting capping proteins, respectively. Here, we show that the loss of the essential and evolutionarily conserved histone deacetylase Rpd3, the homolog of mammal…

Telomere-binding proteinGeneticsEpigenomicsMaleHistone deacetylase 5Histone deacetylase 2HDAC11Histone Deacetylase 1Cell BiologyBiologyTelomereHistone H4Telomere HomeostasisDrosophila melanogasterHeterochromatinHistone H2Ahistone deacetylaseHistone codeAnimalsDrosophila Proteinsanimals; article; chromosome aberration; chromosome structure; drosophila; drosophila melanogaster; drosophila proteins; enzyme activity; epigenetics; epigenomics; eukaryota; heterochromatin; histone acetylation; histone deacetylase 1; histone deacetylase rpd 3; histone methylation; male; mammalia; nonhuman; polytene chromosome; priority journal; regulatory mechanism; telomere; unclassified drugPolytene Chromosomes
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Il ruolo del white paper sulle offerte al pubblico di cripto-attività alla luce della proposta MiCA

2022

La proposta MiCA, nel regolare il white paper sulle offerte di crypto-assets, sembra tenere in considerazione i benefici e i limiti dei sistemi di voluntary e di mandatory disclosure, non optando integralmente né per il primo, né per il secondo. In quest’ottica, se può condividersi l’approccio regolamentare diretto a graduare, a seconda della tipologia di token offerto, sia il contenuto che l’assoggettamento del documento a mera notifica o ad approvazione ex ante da parte dell’Autorità competente, dubbi sorgono in ordine all’indistinta allocazione dell’onere della prova in capo all’oblato, nei casi di violazione della disciplina del relativo white paper.

The MiCa proposal in the regular white paper on crypto-assets offerings seems to take into account the benefits and limitations of voluntary and mandatory disclosure systems not opting for either the former or the latter in full. On one hand one can agree with the regulatory approach aimed at adapting the content of the white paper to the type of token offered and at making the white paper either subject to mere notification or to the approval by the competent Authority depending on the asset offered. On the other hand doubts arise on the indistinct allocation of the burden of proof to the user in case of infringement of the relevant white paper framework.Settore IUS/04 - Diritto Commerciale
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CONCESSIONI DEMANIALI MARITTIME E DIRITTO EUROUNITARIO: LA FINE DEL TEMPO DELLE MORE

2023

Il contributo analizza il frammentario quadro normativo delle concessioni demaniali marittime, lacuali e fluviali con finalità turistico-ricreativa alla luce degli orientamenti della giurisprudenza domestica, con le significative pronunce del Consiglio di Stato e di quella della Corte di Giustizia dell’Unione europea, in particolare della recentissima sentenza 20 aprile 2023 (C-348/22).

The essay analyses the fragmented regulatory framework of state-owned maritime lake and river concessions with tourist-recreational purposes in the Italian legal system in light of the orientations of domestic jurisprudence with the significant pronouncements of the Council of State and that of the Court of Justice of the European Union in particular the very recent judgment April 20 2023 (C-348/22).CONCESSIONI DEMANIALI MARITTIME DIRITTO EUROUNITARIO
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Tutela e sicurezza del lavoro tra centro e periferia: la sicurezza sui luoghi di lavoro

2013

Il saggio prende in esame la complessa questione del riparto di competenze tra Stato e Regioni alla luce del Titolo V della Costituzione in materia di salute e sicurezza sui luoghi di lavoro. Il riparto di competenze tra centro e periferia è stato oggetto di una limitata analisi da parte della dottrina e della giurisprudenza, che si sono concentrate in particolare sulla disciplina del mercato del lavoro. L’Autore descrive un sistema multilivello, caratterizzato dalla compresenza di fonti nazionali e regionali, della contrattazione collettiva, nonché di codici di condotta. Sulla scorta di una ricostruzione del quadro normativo e dei percorsi della giurisprudenza, il saggio propone una lettur…

The essay examines the complex issue of the division of powers between the State and the Regions according to Title V of the Constitution concerning health and safety at workplace. This division between the center and the periphery has been subject to a limited review by doctrine and jurisprudence expecially focusing on the regulation of labour market. The Author describes a multilevel system characterized by the presence of national and regional sources collective bargaining and codes of conduct. On the basis of a reconstruction of the regulatory framework and the judicial statements the paper proposes a dynamic reading of the relationship between center and periphery in which the axis of the system remains however anchored to the national jurisdiction along with important regulatory issues left to the regional legislation.Settore IUS/07 - Diritto Del Lavoro
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No evidence for sequences structurally related to the RB1 gene in the human genome.

1991

The retinoblastoma (RB1) gene is a ubiquitously expressed gene encoding a cell-cycle control protein. Inactivation of this gene plays a crucial role in the development of retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, and other tumors. In a search for structurally related gene sequences we identified a 5.5-kb BamHI fragment strongly cross-hybridizing with the 5′ end of the RB1 cDNA. Molecular cloning, in situ hybridization, restriction mapping, and sequence analysis identified this DNA segment as the 28S rRNA gene. The absence of other cross-hybridizing sequences suggests that the RB1 gene is not part of a structurally related gene family.

Therapeutic gene modulationGeneticsBase SequenceGenome HumanMolecular Sequence DataRestriction MappingPair-rule geneGene targetingBiologyDNA Ribosomaleye diseasesGene productBlotting SouthernGene mappingSequence Homology Nucleic AcidGene clusterRNA Ribosomal 28SGeneticsGene familyHumansGenes RetinoblastomaGenetics (clinical)Regulator geneHuman genetics
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Ras, Rap, and Rac Small GTP-binding Proteins Are Targets for Clostridium sordellii Lethal Toxin Glucosylation

1996

Lethal toxin (LT) from Clostridium sordellii is one of the high molecular mass clostridial cytotoxins. On cultured cells, it causes a rounding of cell bodies and a disruption of actin stress fibers. We demonstrate that LT is a glucosyltransferase that uses UDP-Glc as a cofactor to covalently modify 21-kDa proteins both in vitro and in vivo. LT glucosylates Ras, Rap, and Rac. In Ras, threonine at position 35 was identified as the target amino acid glucosylated by LT. Other related members of the Ras GTPase superfamily, including RhoA, Cdc42, and Rab6, were not modified by LT. Incubation of serum-starved Swiss 3T3 cells with LT prevents the epidermal growth factor-induced phosphorylation of m…

ThreonineUridine Diphosphate GlucoseRHOABacterial ToxinsMolecular Sequence DataClostridium sordelliimacromolecular substancesCDC42GTPaseBiologyCell morphologyBiochemistryGTP PhosphohydrolasesProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)MiceGTP-binding protein regulatorsGTP-Binding ProteinsAnimalsHumansAmino Acid SequenceMolecular BiologyClostridiumEpidermal Growth FactorKinase3T3 CellsCell Biologybiology.organism_classificationMolecular biologyActinsrac GTP-Binding ProteinsActin CytoskeletonKineticsGlucoserap GTP-Binding ProteinsGlucosyltransferasesCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinasesbiology.proteinPhosphorylationGuanosine TriphosphateHeLa CellsJournal of Biological Chemistry
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Thymoma and paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis

2010

Paraneoplastic autoimmune diseases associate occasionally with small cell lung cancers and gynecologic tumors. However, myasthenia gravis (MG) occurs in at least 30% of all patients with thymomas (usually present at MG diagnosis). These epithelial neoplasms almost always have numerous admixed maturing polyclonal T cells (thymocytes). This thymopoiesis-and export of mature CD4(+)T cells-particularly associates with MG, though there are rare/puzzling exceptions in apparently pure epithelial WHO type A thymomas. Other features potentially leading to inefficient self-tolerance induction include defective epithelial expression of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene and/or of major histocompatib…

ThymomaThymomaT-LymphocytesGenes MHC Class IIImmunologyCellThymus Glandmedicine.disease_causeAutoantigensAutoimmunityhemic and lymphatic diseasesMyasthenia GravisHumansImmunology and AllergyMedicineLymphopoiesisPolyendocrinopathies AutoimmuneAutoantibodiesMHC class IIbiologybusiness.industryLymphopoiesisFOXP3Epithelial Cellsmedicine.diseaseAutoimmune regulatorMyasthenia gravismedicine.anatomical_structureImmunoglobulin GImmunologybiology.proteinbusinessParaneoplastic Syndromes Nervous SystemTranscription FactorsAutoimmunity
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