Search results for "sens"
showing 10 items of 13828 documents
Risk assessment for Iberian birds under global change
2013
Conservation priority areas and programs are often established without consideration of future changes in species distributions. However, global change is expected to threaten the persistence of several species while offering opportunities for range expansion to others. In this study, building on previous work, we develop and implement an approach to classify bird species according to their degree of exposure and vulnerability to future climate and land-use change, including climatically driven changes in vegetation. To examine species exposure to environmental changes, we first fitted environmental envelope models and projected then into the future under scenarios of climate, land use and …
A Methodology to Derive Global Maps of Leaf Traits Using Remote Sensing and Climate Data
2018
This paper introduces a modular processing chain to derive global high-resolution maps of leaf traits. In particular, we present global maps at 500 m resolution of specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content per dry mass, and leaf nitrogen/phosphorus ratio. The processing chain exploits machine learning techniques along with optical remote sensing data (MODIS/Landsat) and climate data for gap filling and up-scaling of in-situ measured leaf traits. The chain first uses random forests regression with surrogates to fill gaps in the database (> 45% of missing entries) and maximizes the global representativeness of the trait dataset. Plant species are then a…
Consumer acceptance and primary drivers of liking for small fruits
2018
Small fruit grow naturally in northern Italy, but also in the Sicilian region (southern Italy) there are some areas with the essential climatic conditions for the development of this crop. Nevertheless, according to official statistics, the quantities of fresh small fruits placed on the Italian market are lower than in other European countries. The objective of this study was to assess consumer acceptance for sensory attributes and other intrinsic and extrinsic quality parameters of fresh small fruit, in order to know the primary drivers of liking and have a first understanding of reasons for the poor domestic consumption. Six focus groups with sensory test were carried out to assess consum…
Plot - A new tool for global vegetation analyses
2019
23Biodiversity Conservation Department, ISPRA – Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
Interactive effects between diet and genotypes of host and pathogen define the severity of infection
2012
Host resistance and parasite virulence are influenced by multiple interacting factors in complex natural communities. Yet, these interactive effects are seldom studied concurrently, resulting in poor understanding of host-pathogen-environment dynamics. Here, we investigated how the level of opportunist pathogen virulence, strength of host immunity and the host condition manipulated via diet affect the survival of wood tiger moth Parasemia plantaginis (Arctidae). Larvae from “low cuticular melanin” and “high cuticular melanin” (considered as low and high pathogen resistance, respectively) selection lines were infected with moderately and highly virulent bacteria strains of Serratia marcescen…
New Clones and Old Varieties: Quality of Sicilian Hillside Apple Cultivation
2021
Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the qualitative characteristics of the new clones according to the Mediterranean hillside growing environment and, at the same time, to highlight the qualitative peculiarities of the old varieties in order to avoid genetic loss. Introduction: Several apple varieties are constantly selected for improved quality traits and introduced for cultivation and marketing in addition to a few traditional and affirmed varieties. On the other side, local genotype and ancient varieties are still valorised due to the request of a niche market. Methods: We have studied the physico-chemical quality and the sensory traits of the fruit obtained in this particular en…
Fruit Quality Traits of Six Ancient Apple (Malus domesticaBorkh) Cultivars Grown in the Mediterranean Area
2015
ABSTRACTToday, ancient cultivars have been considered obsolete and replaced, leading to a dramatic loss of genetic diversity. In this trial we examined the quality of the six ancient apple cultivars: Bommino, Gelato, Miliadeci, Rotolari, Turco, and Virchiata. Fruit was submitted to the determination of physicochemical traits and a sensory profile was defined by a trained panel using 20 attributes. We also detected biometric data using a specific descriptor list. Obtained data showed interesting physicochemical and sensory traits among the observed cultivars. ‘Rotolari’, ‘Bommino’, and ‘Gelato’ should be used in breeding programs and revaluated for a placement on specific local markets.
Responses of tobacco to elicitins, proteins from Phytophthora spp. eliciting acquired resistance
1994
With the exception of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (Ppn), the tobacco black-shank causing agent, Phytophthoras give rise to non-host interactions with tobacco. The resulting local hypersensitive response (HR) is accompanied by necrotic spots on the leaves at distance from the infection site [1]. Low molecular weight proteins are excreted by these Phytophthoras, both in planta and in vitro. They form a family of highly homologous holoproteins, called elicitins [2]. Tobacco plants treated with purified elicitins develop necrotic symptoms similar to those induced by the live fungus, and become resistant to further inoculation with Ppn [3]. Elicitin-treated tobacco represent an attra…
Involvement of plasma membrane proteins in plant defense responses. Analysis of the cryptogein signal transduction in tobacco
1999
International audience; Cryptogein, a 98 amino acid protein secreted by the fungus Phytophthora cryptogea, induces a hypersensitive response and systemic acquired resistance in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum var Xanthi). The mode of action of cryptogein has been studied using tobacco cell suspensions. The recognition of this elicitor by a plasma membrane receptor leads to a cascade of events including protein phosphorylation, calcium influx, potassium and chloride effluxes, plasma membrane depolarization, activation of a NADPH oxidase responsible for active oxygen species (AOS) production and cytosol acidification, activation of the pentose phosphate pathway, and activation of two mitoge…
Tobacco cells contain a protein, immunologically related to the neutrophil small G protein Rac2 and involved in elicitor-induced oxidative burst.
1997
Abstract Suspension-cultured cells of Nicotiana tabacum generated active oxygen species (AOS) when they were treated with the proteinaceous elicitor, cryptogein. This response was blocked by diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase. When microsomal extracts of tobacco cells were probed with an antibody directed against the human small G protein Rac2, two immunoreactive proteins were detected at 18.5 and 20.5 kDa. The same experiment performed with cytosolic extracts of tobacco cells led to the observation of a strong immunoreactive protein at 21.5 kDa only in the cryptogein-treated cells. The appearance of this cytosolic protein was related to the production of AOS…