Search results for "toluene"

showing 10 items of 429 documents

(−)-(4R,5R)-4,5-Bis[hydroxy(diphenyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane

2008

[93379-48-7] C31H30O4 (MW 466.57) InChI = 1S/C31H30O4/c1-29(2)34-27(30(32,23-15-7-3-8-16-23)24-17-9-4-10-18-24)28(35-29)31(33,25-19-11-5-12-20-25)26-21-13-6-14-22-26/h3-22,27-28,32-33H,1-2H3/t27-,28-/m1/s1 InChIKey = OWVIRVJQDVCGQX-VSGBNLITSA-N (chiral shift reagent; chiral host in inclusion compounds; chiral reagent; chiral ligand for asymmetric catalysis) Alternate Name: TADDOL. Physical Data: mp: 190–192 °C1a; 195–196.5  °C1b; 192–193 °C;1c,e 193.5–195 °C;1d [α]RTd=−68.5 °(c = 1, CH3Cl);1a [α]d = −60.6 °(c = 1, CH3Cl);1b [α]20d = −67 ° (c = 1, CH3Cl);1c [α]20d = −65.1° (c = 1, CH3Cl);1d [α]20d = −64.6°(c = 1, CH3Cl)1e Solubility: soluble in toluene, cyclohexane, dichloromethane and tetra…

chemistry.chemical_compoundCyclohexanechemistryStereochemistryReagentDioxolaneChiral ligandEnantioselective synthesisMedicinal chemistryTolueneTetrahydrofuranDiethyl tartrate
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Darstellung eines reinen monomeren formaldehyds durch acidolytische depolymerisation von Trioxan. 22. Mitt. über polyoxymethylene1

1964

Trioxan wird mit nahezu quantitativem Umsatz kontinuierlich in einem Stickstoffstrom bei 200°C an einem Pyrophosphorsaure-Kontakt zu monomerem Formaldehyd depolymerisiert. Durch Vorpolymerisation von ca. 5% des gasformigen Formaldehyds werden die geringfugigen Verunreinigungen wie Methylformiat, Wasser und unumgesetztes Trioxan entfernt, so das das restliche Monomere eine Reinheit von mindestens 99,98% besitzt. Losungen dieses Formaldehyds in Toluol oder Diathylather zeigen zwischen –78 und –50°C eine sehr gute Haltbarkeit. Trioxane is depolymerized almost quantitatively to form monomeric formaldehyde in a flow system at 200°C. using pyrophosphoric acid as catalyst and nitrogen as a carrier…

chemistry.chemical_compoundPyrophosphoric acidMonomerchemistryTrioxaneMethyl formatePolymer chemistryFormaldehydeEtherTolueneCatalysisDie Makromolekulare Chemie
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1971

Solid-state polymerization of the bis-(p-toluene sulfonate) of 2.4-hexadiin-1.6-diol was achieved by UV-irradiation or by annealing the monomer crystals below their melting-point. Deep red polymer crystals having the original shape of the monomer crystals exhibiting strong dichroism are obtained. Polymerization proceeds by 1.4-addition to the conjugated triple-bonds to form a polymer with three cumulated double bonds per baseunit and a fully conjugated backbone. Photopolymerization is rather fast and does not show an induction period. The relationship between ηsp/c-values and conversion as well as X-ray work indicates that the formation of nuclei must be an important feature of the reaction…

chemistry.chemical_compoundSulfonateMonomerchemistryPolymerizationPolymer chemistryDiolConjugated systemTriple bondTolueneDie Makromolekulare Chemie
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Erratum to “New time-dependent Monte Carlo algorithm designed to model three-phase batch reactor processes: applications on 2,4-dinitro-toluene hydro…

2003

Erratum to “New time-dependent Monte Carlo algorithm designed to model three-phase batch reactor processes: applications on 2,4-dinitro-toluene hydrogenation on Pd/C catalysts” [Chem. Eng. J. 91 (2003) 133–142] Giampaolo Barone a,b, Dario Duca a,b,∗ a Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica ed Analitica, Universita di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, I-90128 Palermo, Italy b Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy

chemistry.chemical_compoundThree-phaseChemistryGeneral Chemical EngineeringBatch reactorEnvironmental ChemistryPhysical chemistryGeneral ChemistryStatistical physicsTolueneIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringMonte Carlo algorithmCatalysisChemical Engineering Journal
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Hydrodynamisches verhalten gelöster polydimethylsiloxane

1962

Es wird uber Sedimentations-, Diffusions- und Viskositatsmessungen an Polydimethylsiloxan berichtet. Als Θ-Losungsmittel diente Bromcyclohexan, das bei 28°C die Beziehung liefert, sowie als gutes Losungsmittel Toluol von 25°C mit Die Reibungs- und Viskositatswerte erlauben die Berechnung des Tragheitsradius r im Θ-Losungsmittel zu rΘ = 0,27·M1/2. Dieser Radius rΘ ist nur etwa um 40% groser als der Radius rf bei vollig freier Drehbarkeit. Die Polydimethylsiloxankette ist folglich sehr flexibel. Measurements of sedimentation, diffusion and viscosity were performed on polydimethylsiloxanes in a Θ solvent (bromocyclohexane of 28°C.) and in a good solvent (toluene of 25°C.). The molecular weight…

chemistry.chemical_compoundViscositychemistryPolymer chemistryRadius of gyrationRadiusBromocyclohexaneTolueneDie Makromolekulare Chemie
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SOFT AND HARD ACIDITY IN ZEOLITES AND ZEOTYPES: EVALUATION AND CATALYTIC IMPLICATIONS

1993

It has been found by Molecular Orbital calculations, that the energy of the LUMO of a zeolite cluster can be used to measure the softness–hardness acidity. It has been found that the higher the framework Si/AI ratio the softer is the acidity. When applied to the alkylation of aromatics, it has been calculated that the higher the framework Si/AI ratio of the zeolite, the more “orbital controlled” will be the reaction, and therefore a higher para to ortho ratio is expected. This has been confirmed experimentally during the alkylation of toluene and m–xylene by methanol on HY zeolites with different framework Si/AI ratio.

chemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryInorganic chemistryCluster (physics)Molecular orbitalMethanolAlkylationZeoliteHOMO/LUMOTolueneCatalysis
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Absolute cross-sections for the nonresonant multi-photon ionization of toluene and xylene in the gas phase

2001

Abstract The absolute multi-photon ionization cross-section of the phenyl ring was determined by laser-ionization of toluene and xylene molecules in the gas phase. Excitation was achieved using nonresonant four-photon absorption of the frequency doubled light of a 10 ns pulsed Nd:YAG laser (532 nm). The resulting ions were stored in a Penning trap and detected by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The values of the cross-sections are 1.4(3)×10 −42 cm 8 W −4 s −1 and 1.3(3)×10 −42 cm 8 W −4 s −1 for toluene and xylene, respectively.

chemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryIonizationXyleneAnalytical chemistryGeneral Physics and AstronomyPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryAbsorption (chemistry)Mass spectrometryPenning trapTolueneIonAtmospheric-pressure laser ionizationChemical Physics
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Versuche zum Vorgang der Wasserstoffübertragung, XI. Isomerisierung Definiert Deuterierter Alkylbenzole an Raney-Nickel

1964

α-Deutero-toluol. o-, m- und p-Deutero-toluol sowie β-Deutero-athylbenzol isomerisieren schon bei 20° in Beruhrung mit wasserfreiem Raney-Nickel. Der Deuterium-Gehalt des Substrates bleibt dabei annahernd konstant. Beim α-Deutero-toluol wandern mehr als 50% des Deuteriums aus der Seitenkette in den Kern, wobei es sich weitgehend auf die gleichen Positionen verteilt wie beim Austausch von leichtem Toluol mit Deuterium-Gas an Raney-Nickel. Der aromatische Kern wird unter diesen Bedingungen nicht abgesattigt. Mit Hilfe der Massenspektrographie kann gezeigt werden, das Deuterium auch zwischenmolekular ausgetauscht wird. — Im Toluol kernstandiges Deuterium verteilt sich an Raney-Nickel auf samtl…

chemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryOrganic ChemistryAlkyl radicalsPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryTolueneMedicinal chemistryJustus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie
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Polycondensed nitrogen heterocycles. X. 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-e][1,5]benzodiazocin-7-ones. A new ring system

1981

The synthesis of a new heterocyclic ring system is described. Condensation of 1,4-diketones 1a,b with β-alanine gave the substituted propionic acids 2a,b which upon reduction with palladium on charcoal afforded compounds 3a,b. Title compounds 4a,b were obtained by refluxing 3a,b in toluene with p-toluenesulphonic acid as catalyst.

chemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryOrganic ChemistryCondensationOrganic chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementRing (chemistry)TolueneNitrogenCatalysisPalladiumJournal of Heterocyclic Chemistry
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Partielle spezifische volumina von m.m′-ditolyl und seinen oligomeren

1969

Das partielle spezifische Volumen von m.m′-Ditolyl in Toluol wurde durch Dichtemessungen uber den gesamten Konzentrationsbereich bei 25°C bestimmt. Das hieraus berechnete molare Uberschusvolumen betragt −0,21 cm3/Mol bei einem Volumenbruch von 0,5. Die partiellen spezifischen Volumina von Oligomeren des m.m′-Ditolyls wurden in einem niedrigen Konzentrationsbereich in Toluol, Benzol und Trichlorathylen bei 25°C bestimmt. Sie sind in erster Naherung dem Molekulargewicht umgekehrt proportional. The partial specific volume of m.m′-ditolyl in toluene was determined by means of density measurement over the entire range of concentrations at 25°C. The molar excess volume computed hereof turns out t…

chemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryPartial specific volumePolymer chemistryTolueneMedicinal chemistryVolume concentrationDie Makromolekulare Chemie
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