Search results for "toxins"
showing 10 items of 799 documents
Susceptibility to BT of wild lepidopteran species in Nature Reserve in Sicily
2010
A wide range of crop plants and trees have been transformed with genes derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to express insecticidal proteins (insect-resistant Bt plants). Whereas the adoption of Bt plants constitutes one of the most common uses of transgenic plants in agriculture, the environmental benefits and risks remain an issue. To preserve the natural reserve and their fauna UE proposed that in future the Member State specify a minimum separation distance of metres between fields of GM plants and nature reserves or to forbid cultivation of GM plant in particular area based on scientific data. Natural reserve in Sicily have many endemism and rare species so next …
Food Contaminants
2014
Chemical contaminants may occur in our food from various sources. Contaminants can be present in foods mainly as a result of the use of agrochemicals, such as residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs, contamination from environmental sources (water, air or soil pollution), cross-contamination or formation during food processing, migration from food packaging materials, presence or contamination by natural toxins or use of unapproved food additives and adulterants. They typically pose a health concern, resulting in strict regulations of their levels by national governments and internationally. Therefore, analysis of relevant chemical contaminants is an essential part of food safety testin…
Sequence of the M28 dsRNA: Preprotoxin Is Processed to an α/β Heterodimeric Protein Toxin
1995
The killer and immunity phenotypes of K28 killer strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are determined by the 1.75-kb M28 dsRNA virus. In the plus strand, M28p, the K28 preprotoxin gene, comprises bases 13-1047 and is followed, after an additional 85 bases, by a 63-bp poly(A) sequence and a 553-base 3'-sequence. This 3'-sequence contains two potential stem-loop structures predicted to bind the L-A encoded cap-pol protein, initiating encapsidation; high-level expression results in curing of M1 dsRNA. Expression of M28p confers the complete K28 killer and immunity phenotype on a cell lacking M28 dsRNA. K28 toxin is a disulfide-bonded heterodimer of alpha (10.5 kDa) and beta (11 kDa) components w…
F17-like fimbriae from an invasive Escherichia coli strain producing cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 2 toxin
1994
The F17b fimbriae encoded by the transmissible virulence plasmid Vir, also coding for cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 2, were characterized. A 5.7-kb region of Vir mediates in vitro N-acetylglucosamine-sensitive adhesion to calf intestinal villi. Sequence analysis revealed that this region codes for a structural subunit and an adhesin closely related to the F17-A and F17-G proteins encoded by the F17 fimbrial gene cluster. The F17b-A gene presents an open reading frame of 540 bp encoding a polypeptide of 180 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 21 residues. The mature protein shows an identity of 74% with the F17-A structural subunit. This 20-kDa protein is recognized by antiseru…
Porous silicon based photoluminescence immunosensor for rapid and highly-sensitive detection of Ochratoxin A.
2017
A rapid and low cost photoluminescence (PL) immunosensor for the determination of low concentrations of Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been developed. This immunosensor was based on porous silicon (PSi) and modified by antibodies against OTA (anti-OTA). PSi layer was fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) procedure. Main structural parameters (pore size, layer thickness, morphology and nanograins size) and composition of PSi were investigated by means of X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. PL-spectroscopy of PSi was performed at room temperature and showed a wide emission band centered at 680 ± 20nm. Protein A was covalently immobilized …
Cytoprotection assessment against mycotoxins on HepG2 cells by extracts from Allium sativum L
2021
Abstract Cytoprotection effects of Allium sativum L garlic extract from a local garlic ecotype from Ferrara (Italy) on hepatocarcinoma cells, HepG2 cells, is presented in this study. This garlic type is known as Voghiera garlic and has been characterized as PDO (Protected designation of Origin) product. Voghiera garlic extract (VGE) was evaluated against beauvericin (BEA) and two zearalenone (ZEA) metabolites (α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZEL))-induced cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells by the MTT (3–4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, over 24 h and 48 h. Direct treatment, simultaneous treatment and pre-treatment strategies at the dilution 1:16–1:00 for VG…
Convergent evolution of aposematic coloration in Neotropical poison frogs: a molecular phylogenetic perspective
2003
Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2014-02-26T17:17:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000186417800006.pdf: 196897 bytes, checksum: cbe901a47807d22aec173ee8cc011a64 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-26T17:17:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000186417800006.pdf: 196897 bytes, checksum: cbe901a47807d22aec173ee8cc011a64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:59:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000186417800006.pdf: 196897 bytes, checksum: cbe901a47807d22aec173ee8cc011a64 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:59:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000186417800006.pdf: 196…
Synthetic Haptens and Monoclonal Antibodies to the Cyanotoxin Anatoxin‐a
2019
Early warning systems for monitoring toxic events may benefit from the availability of monoclonal antibodies enabling the sensitive and specific detection of anatoxin-a, a cyanotoxin involved in numerous cases of animal poisoning resulting from toxic algal blooms in freshwaters. Through the synthesis of three functionalized derivatives of anatoxin-a, we have succeeded in generating the first-ever reported immunoreagents (bioconjugates and antibodies) suitable for the development of immunoanalytical approaches aimed at rapid and onsite detection of this harmful cyanotoxin.
Mycotoxin Identification and In Silico Toxicity Assessment Prediction in Atlantic Salmon
2020
The present study aimed to identify mycotoxins in edible tissues of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS). After using a non-targeted screening approach and a home-made spectral library, 233 mycotoxins were analyzed. Moreover, the occurrence of mycotoxins in fish filets was evaluated, and their potential toxicity was predicted by in silico methods. According to the obtained results, forty mycotoxins were identified in analyzed salmon samples, the predominant mycotoxins being enniatins (also rugulosin and 17 ophiobolins), commonly found in cereals and their by-products. Thus, mycotoxin carry-over …
Rapid whole protein quantitation of staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
2012
Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen and has been indicated as the fifth causative agent of food-borne human illness throughout the world. Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are toxic compounds excreted mainly by strains of S. aureus. Among these toxins, enterotoxins A (SEA) and B (SEB) are both of the most prevalent compounds in staphylococcal food poisoning. In this work, reverse phase liquid chromatography coupled to ESI mass spectrometry (LC–ESI/MS) has been applied for its rapid identification and quantification. Limit of detection (LOD) values were 0.5 and 0.2 ng for SEA and SEB, respectively and limit of quantification (LOQ) value was 1 ng for both enterotoxins. SEA…