Search results for "utero"
showing 10 items of 194 documents
Quality control of pharmaceuticals containing clenbuterol by thermal lens spectrometry.
1996
An ultrasensitive absorptiometric procedure for the determination of clenbuterol in pharmaceutical preparations was developed. Clenbuterol was diazotized with nitrite and coupled with 1-(naphthyl)ethylenediamine, and the absorbance of the azo dye formed was measured by both spectrophotometry and ultrasensitive thermal lens spectrometry (TLS). The TLS limit of detection was 1.5 ppb, 14-fold lower than with a Hewlett-Packard diode array spectrophotometer. Thus, the TLS procedure can be advantageously applied to quality control of clenbuterol at the individual dose level and in small samples. Repeatability as relative standard deviation was 1.5% (50 ppb, n = 6).
How Hox genes can shed light on the place of echinoderms among the deuterostomes.
2014
19 pages; International audience; BACKGROUND: The Hox gene cluster ranks among the greatest of biological discoveries of the past 30 years. Morphogenetic patterning genes are remarkable for the systems they regulate during major ontogenetic events, and for their expressions of molecular, temporal, and spatial colinearity. Recent descriptions of exceptions to these colinearities are suggesting deep phylogenetic signal that can be used to explore origins of entire deuterostome phyla. Among the most enigmatic of these deuterostomes in terms of unique body patterning are the echinoderms. However, there remains no overall synthesis of the correlation between this signal and the variations observ…
Echinoderm Antimicrobial Peptides
2016
Abstract Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely expressed in organisms and have been linked to innate and acquired immunity in vertebrates. These compounds are constitutively expressed from different cellular types to interact directly with infectious agents and/or modulate immunoreactions. In invertebrates, including echinoderms, which lack a vertebrate-type adaptive immune system, AMPs represent the major humoral defense system against infection, showing a diverse spectrum of action mechanisms, most of them related to plasma membrane disturbance and lethal alteration of microbial integrity. Here, we summarize the knowledge of AMPs in echinoderms as Strongylocins identified in the sea ur…
Evolution of Early Metazoa: Phylogenetic Status of the Hexactinellida Within the Phylum of Porifera (Sponges)
1998
The evolution of the Metazoa from their protozoan ancestors is one of the greatest puzzles of phylogeny (Willmer 1994; Cavalier-Smith et al. 1996). The emergence of multicellular animals has been explained by two major theories: the syncytial theory (Hadzi 1963) - origin from a multinucleated ciliate - and the colonial theory (Haeckel 1868) - origin from a colonial flagellate - both of which assume a di(poly)phyletic origin of the Metazoa. Numerous attempts to resolve whether the Metazoa are of mono- or polyphyletic origin have sought evidence from a wide variety of developmental and morphological data such as body symmetry, type of development (protostome vs. deuterostome), type of body ca…
Spontaneous Epileptic Manifestations in a DCX Knockdown Model of Human Double Cortex
2010
Previous reports indicate that in utero knockdown of doublecortin (DCX) results in the genesis of a subcortical heterotopia reminiscent of the doublecortex observed in female patients with DCX mutations. It has also been shown that these rats display an increased susceptibility to convulsant agents and increased cortical neurons excitability; but it is presently unknown whether they display spontaneous seizures. Furthermore, the link between the size of heterotopia and the clinical manifestation remained to be elucidated. Using video--electrocorticogram recordings, we now report that DCX knockdown induces frequent spontaneous seizures commonly associated with myoclonic jerks in adult rats. …
Normanowie, wikingowie a ich przedstawienia w świecie gier komputerowych (na wybranych przykładach)
2018
Pomimo ogromnego postępu w badaniach skandynawskich i normańskich, istnieje jeszcze pole we współczesnej popkulturze, które powiela pewne stare stereotypy. To rynek gier komputero-wych, który kwitnie od ponad czterdziestu lat. Dlatego w artykule przedstawiono to zjawisko chronologicznie – na wybranych przykładach od lat 80. do chwili obecnej. Uczyniono to na pod-stawie tytułów na komputery C, najczęściej strategii i gier R G (Role laying Games), ponieważ ta platforma jest jedną z najstarszych i pomimo szybkiego rozwoju konsol, wciąż im nie uległa. Niestety, nie istnieje literatury naukowa poświęcona wikingom i Normanom w grach wideo, więc do pewnego stopnia badania są pionierskie. Podczas g…
In UteroRamadan Exposure and Children's Academic Performance
2014
A large literature has linked the in utero environment to health in adulthood. We consider how prenatal nutrition may shape human capital acquisition in childhood, utilising the month-long Ramadan fast as a natural experiment. In student register data for Pakistani and Bangladeshi families in England, we examine whether Ramadan's overlap with pregnancy affects subsequent academic outcomes at age 7. We find that test scores are 0.05-0.08 standard deviations lower for students exposed to Ramadan in early pregnancy. Our results suggest that brief prenatal investments may be more cost effective than traditional educational interventions in improving academic performance.
Prenatal diazepam exposure functionally alters the GABA(A) receptor that modulates [3H]noradrenaline release from rat hippocampal synaptosomes.
2002
In rats, exposure to diazepam (DZ) during the last week of gestation is associated with behavioral alterations (in some cases sexually dimorphic) that appear when the animals reach adulthood. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of prenatal DZ exposure on the function of the gamma-aminobutyric (GABA)(A) receptor complex. The method used - perfusion of rat hippocampal nerve terminals labeled with [3H]noradrenaline (NA) - allowed us to evaluate the effects of DZ on a specific native GABA(A) receptor subtype which is located on hippocampal noradrenergic nerve endings and mediates the release of NA. Muscimol stimulated synaptosomal release of [3H]NA in a concentration-dependent mann…
In utero fetal liver hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: is there a role for alloreactive T lymphocytes?
2000
The use of hematopoietic stem cells for in utero transplantation to create permanent hematochimerism represents a new concept in fetal therapy, although this approach has provided quite heterogeneous results. Flake and Zanjani have provided an excellent updated review of the current knowledge of in
Evaluation of methods aimed at complete removal of template from molecularly imprinted polymers
2001
Polymers imprinted with clenbuterol were used to study the influence of various post-polymerization treatments [e.g., thermal annealing, microwave assisted extraction (MAE), Soxhlet extraction and supercritical fluid template desorption] on the bleeding of residual template. The aim of the study was to reduce the bleeding to levels that would allow the use of the materials as affinity phases for extraction of clenbuterol from bovine urine at concentrations below 1 ng ml−1. After treatment, the clenbuterol imprinted polymers were packed into solid-phase extraction columns and the bleeding was estimated by quantifying the amount of template released in 10 ml of methanol–acetic acid (9 + 1 v/v…