Search results for "utility"

Dealing with risk: Gender, stakes, and probability effects

2015

This paper investigates how subjects deal with financial risk, both "upside" (with a small chance of a high payoff) and "downside" (with a small chance of a low payoff). We find that the same people who avoid risk in the downside setting tend to make more risky choices in the upside one. The experiment is designed to disentangle the probability-weighting and utility-curvature components of risk attitudes, and to differentiate settings in which gender differences arise from those in which they do not. Women are more risk averse for downside risks, but gender differences are diminished for upside risks.

Economía social y sector no lucrativo: Actualidad científica y perspectivas

2001

In this paper, we intend to analyze some scientific questions of current importance in the Social Economy field and Non-profit sector. In the first place, we show the growing economical importance of this field in Europe, based on the results obtained in the last transnational study. Secondly, we try to think about the concept of non-profit as well as about the position of co-operatives and associations within the Non-profit sector, introducing some criteria of analysis. Immediately after, we study this economical field under a “social” point of view. Finally, the paper analyses the place and content of Social Economy, both business and non-profit sectors, within the limits of European publ…

Indulto y Poder Judicial: ¿Un instrumento para la realización de la Justicia?

2017

El indulto no es un vestigio histórico. su reconocimiento en la totalidad de los textos constitucionales de nuestra historia, advierte la existencia de una necesidad que es satisfecha por el indulto, con independencia del momento en el que se haya aplicado. el indulto ex- presa el desajuste entre la norma penal y la justicia, que solo puede tener su remedio con el otorgamiento de la gracia. Pero la admisibilidad del indulto exige el pleno so- metimiento a la ley y al principio de legalidad, desde un ejercicio restrictivo y excepcional, por tratarse de una potestad extraordinaria, pues determina una alteración de los principios constitucionales. y sólo en la medida que sea el Poder Judicial …

Dying to Save Lives: Zell Kravinsky, Peter Singer, and Lethal Organ Donation

2018

In 2003, after disbursing the bulk of his accumulated fortune of forty-five million dollars to various charities, Zell Kravinsky made the even greater altruistic decision to donate one of his kidneys to a complete stranger. In doing so he incurred the wrath of many in the psychiatric and health professions who questioned his sanity. In response, Kravinsky argued that refusal to donate would have constituted a violation of his belief in “maximum human utility” – a philosophical concept that insists we give up as much as we can for the good of others. Kravinsky has since stated that he would undergo a lethal organ donation in order to save a greater number of people from death, or to save peo…

Kaempferol as a dietary anti-inflammatory agent: current therapeutic standing

2020

Inflammation is a physiological response to different pathological, cellular or vascular damages due to physical, chemical or mechanical trauma. It is characterized by pain, redness, heat and swelling. Current natural drugs are carefully chosen as a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of inflammatory diseases. Different phytochemical constituents are present in natural products. These phytochemicals have high efficacy both in vivo and in vitro. Among them, flavonoids occur in many foods, vegetables and herbal medicines and are considered as the most active constituent, having the ability to attenuate inflammation. Kaempferol is a polyphenol that is richly found in fruits, vegetabl…

Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis of the treatment of emotional disorders in primary care: psicap clinical trial. description of the sub-s…

2018

Introduction: In the primary care (PC) setting in Spain, the prevalence of emotional disorders (EDs) such as anxiety, depression and somatoform disorder is high. In PC patients, these disorders are not always managed in accordance with the recommendations provided by clinical practice guidelines, resulting in major direct and indirect economic costs and suboptimal treatment outcomes. The aim is to analyze and compare the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of group-based psychological therapy versus treatment as usual (TAU). Methods: Multicenter, randomized controlled trial involving 300 patients recruited from PC centers in Madrid, Spain, with symptoms or possible diagnosis of anxiety, moo…

The continuity of effect of schizophrenia polygenic risk score and patterns of cannabis use on transdiagnostic symptom dimensions at first-episode ps…

2021

The work was supported by Guarantors of Brain post-doctoral clinical fellowship to DQ; Clinician Scientist Medical Research Council fellowship (project reference MR/M008436/1) to MDF; Heisenberg professorship from the German Research Founda- tion (grant no. 389624707) to UR; the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. The EU-GEI Project is funded by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement No. HEALTH-F2-…

Treatment-resistant depression in a real-world setting: first interim analysis of characteristics, healthcare resource use, and utility values of the…

2020

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is among the most common psychiatric disorders. One-third of patients are usually unresponsive to several lines of treatment. This study aimed to describe the FondaMental French cohort of patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and to estimate utility and healthcare resource use outcomes. Methods: Patients with TRD were evaluated prospectively over four years (baseline, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 months) in a real-world clinical setting. Interim analyses focused on the first two consecutive years. Four MDD-related states (major depressive episode (MDE), response, remission, recovery) were defined based on the MADRS (Montgomery&ndash

2020

(1) Background: Assessments of intervertebral disc (IVD) changes, and IVD tissue adaptations due to physical activity, for example, remains challenging. Newer magnetic resonance imaging techniques can quantify detailed features of the IVD, where T2-mapping and T2-weighted (T2w) and Dixon imaging are potential candidates. Yet, their relative utility has not been examined. The performances of these techniques were investigated to characterize IVD differences in asymptomatic individuals with distinct physical activity histories. (2) Methods: In total, 101 participants (54 women) aged 25–35 years with distinct physical activity histories but without histories of spinal disease were included. T1…

Need for speed? Exploring the relative importance of patents and utility models among German firms

2017

Despite the wide use of two-tiered patent systems (patents and utility models (UMs)), there is little empirical evidence about how often UMs are actually used, what kind of firms use them to protect their intellectual property, and how firms rank them relative to patents. We offer such an analysis using data from Germany. We find that larger firms are more likely to use both protection methods. Moreover, a short life cycle of products and services is associated with an increased likelihood to use UMs. The features and functioning of the German UM system are of broader interest because it has been a benchmark for several second tier patent protection systems around the world. peerReviewed