Search results for "vaccine."
showing 10 items of 789 documents
Post-mortem findings in vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia
2021
Greinacher et al.1 and Schultz et al.2 were the first to independently report the main clinical and laboratory features of 11 and five respective patients from Germany, Austria and Norway who developed life-threatening thrombohemorrhagic complications 5 to 16 days after the administration of the first dose of the chimpanzee adenoviral vector vaccine ChAdOx1nCoV-19 against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Subsequently Scully et al.3 reported similar findings in 23 patients treated with the same vaccine in the United Kingdom. More recently, See et al.4 reported a case series of 12 patients from the USA with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis following the vaccination with Ad26.CoV2.S employing a human …
Neumonía adquirida en la comunidad: tratamiento ambulatorio y prevención
2015
Resumen: La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) en la edad pediátrica ha sufrido, en la última década, una serie de cambios epidemiológicos, clínicos, etiológicos y de resistencias a antibióticos, que obligan a replantear su abordaje terapéutico. En este documento, dos de las principales sociedades de especialidades pediátricas involucradas en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta entidad, como son la Sociedad Española de Infectología Pediátrica y la Sociedad Española de Neumología Pediátrica, así como el Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la AEP, proponen unas pautas consensuadas de tratamiento y prevención, con el fin de proporcionar a todos los pediatras una guía actualizada. En esta primer…
A combined measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine (Priorix-Tetra: immunogenicity and safety profile
2009
Abstract Priorix-Tetra ™ (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals) is a combined measles, mumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV) vaccine. Eight studies involving more than 3000 children were reviewed. Compared with co-administration of MMR ( Priorix ™) and varicella ( Varilrix ™) vaccines, the MMRV vaccine showed: similar immunogenicity, with immunity shown up to 3 years post-vaccination; a higher rate of fever after the first dose; a slight increase in mild local reactions after the second dose. This MMRV vaccine can be used either as a two-dose vaccine or as a second dose in children primed with separate MMR and/or varicella vaccines, offering a convenient way to introduce varicella vaccination into rou…
MMR and MMRV vaccines.
2018
Measles, mumps, rubella and varicella are viral infections which can implicate seriously long-term sequelae of infected individuals or even the unborn child. Vaccines against the individual diseases have long been available. Global measles vaccination is estimated to have prevented more than 20million deaths during 2000-2015. During the same time period, measles incidence decreased from 146 to 36 cases per million populations. Today vaccinations against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella are now carried out mainly with combination vaccines. These are today known as immunogenic and safe. MMRV had similar immunogenicity and overall safety profiles to MMR administered with or without varice…
A comparison of the efficacy of commercial and experimental vaccines for contagious agalactia in sheep
2013
Abstract An effective vaccine that improves the control of contagious agalactia in Mediterranean regions would be beneficial for poorer farmers who use traditional husbandry methods for sheep and goat production. However while there is little published data on the efficacy of commercially available vaccines for contagious agalactia, evidence from the field suggests that some provide inadequate protection. This paper compares four different vaccine formulations, including a widely used commercial vaccine, using clinical signs and mycoplasma excretion as measures of protection in sheep. Results showed that protection afforded by the vaccines, following contact challenge with experimentally in…
Modification of the immune response against hepatitis B virus by the human immunodeficiency virus.
1989
Hepatitis B virus and the human immunodeficiency virus are similarly transmitted. Individuals with preexisting HIV infection have a higher chance to become HBsAg carriers than do anti-HIV negative persons. Cytotoxic T cells with specificity for HBcAg, that are under the control of HBcAg-specific helper T cells, are responsible for liver injury. There is good evidence that HIV infection lowers inflammatory activity, is associated with milder liver histology, high levels of viral replication and low seroconversion rates. In addition interferon alpha therapy is less effective in anti-HIV positive subjects. The immune response against HBsAg is helper T-cell dependent and vaccination against hep…
Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Natural History of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
2002
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is increasing in many countries. The estimated number of new cases annually is over 500,000, and the yearly incidence comprises between 2.5 and 7% of patients with liver cirrhosis. The incidence varies between different geographic areas, being higher in developing areas; males are predominantly affected, with a 2:3 male/female ratio. The heterogeneous geographic distribution reflects the epidemiologic impact of the main etiologic factors and environmental risk, which are the hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses. The percentage of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma attributable to HBV worldwide is 52.3% and is higher in Asia where the serop…
Signal sequences modulate the immunogenic performance of human hepatitis C virus E2 gene
2005
Abstract Envelope protein E2 of human hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an attractive component of a prototype HCV vaccine. Delivered by DNA immunogens, E2 evokes specific immune response of Th1-type, failing to induce either considerable antibody production, or T-helper cell proliferation. We aimed at modulating the immunogenic performance of E2 gene by changing the mode of protein expression in eukaryotic cells. Plasmids were constructed encoding full-length E2 and nonstructural protein 1 (p7) fused to either 13 or 38 C-terminal amino acids (aa) of HCV E1 that contain second hydrophobic segment of E1 stop-transfer signal, or a complete E1 stop-transfer signal with duplicated second hydrophobic s…
Hepatitis B vaccination and interleukin 2 receptor expression in chronic renal failure
1990
Hepatitis B vaccination and interleukin-2 receptor expression in chronic renal failure. Only 50 to 60% of dialysis patients develop anti-HBs antibodies following hepatitis b vaccination. The nonre-sponder state correlates with impaired monocyte function, decreased interleukin-2 (IL-2) production of T cells, and an upregulation of the IL-2 receptor system. In the present study we examined anti-HBs production after hepatitis B vaccination and the in vitro expression of IL-2 receptors in nondialyzed patients with various degrees of chronic renal failure. Forty-four patients with impaired renal function were immunized with 20 µg recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and boostered after one and six mo…
July 2003: 62-year-old female with progressive muscular weakness
2004
The July 2003 Case of the Month (COM). A 62-year-old female patient experienced progressive muscular weakness over the last ten years, involving shoulder and pelvic girdle muscles, paraspinal and facial muscles. A biopsy was taken from the left deltoid muscle where hepatitis vaccination had taken place 4 weeks previously. The specimen revealed macrophagic myofasciitis due to the injection of aluminium-bound vaccines. The finding can be reproduced experimentally by injecting vaccines in rats. The pathomechanism is supposed to involve immune stimulation due to long term persistence of the adjuvant. Macrophagic myofasciitis has been suggested to occasionally cause myopathy but is supposed to b…