Search results for "yield"
showing 10 items of 1338 documents
Environmental, Agricultural, and Socioeconomic Impacts of Salinization to Family-Based Irrigated Agriculture in the Brazilian Semiarid Region
2020
Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic factors causing a serious threat to global food security, mainly in arid and semiarid regions. Salinity brings socioeconomic impacts associated with low crop productivity and devaluation of agricultural lands. In this chapter, we approach agricultural, environmental, and socioeconomic impacts of soil salinization. We also report two case studies from irrigated areas of the Brazilian semiarid, where previously cultivated lands were abandoned due to increased soil salinity. A survey of the published literature showed that soil salinity became a global problem that is accelerated by human activities such as deforestation and lack of irrigation manageme…
A new class of heterogeneous Pd catalysts for synthetic organic chemistry
2011
A new series of leach-proof nanostructured Pd(0) catalysts able to catalyze a number of fundamental organic transformations including C–C bond formation has been developed. Reactions in general proceed with high yield and often at completion, while the catalysts can be reused in further reaction runs. This establishes a new class of relevant solid catalysts for synthetic organic chemistry trademarked SiliaCat Pd0 Hydrogel.
Cation exchange-based post-processing of 68Ga-eluate: A comparison of three solvent systems for labelling of DOTATOC, NO2APBP and DATAm
2014
Interest in (68)Ga has led to a number of innovations for its provision suitable for clinical application. Several post-processing methods are available to reduce eluate volume and remove metal trace impurities. In this work three cation exchange resin based post-processing methods (acetone, ethanol and NaCl) have been compared, using three model precursors (DOTATOC, NO2AP(BP) and DATA(m)), in terms of labelling yield and reproducibility. The acetone and ethanol based methods provided greater reproducibility and yields that makes subsequent purification unnecessary.
Pentafluoroethylation of Carbonyl Compounds by HFC-125 via the Encapsulation of the K Cation with Glymes
2021
A simple protocol to overcome the explosive pentafluoroethylation of carbonyl compounds by HFC-125 is described. The use of potassium (K) bases with triglyme or tetraglyme as a solvent safely yield...
1977
The investigation of electron transfer and subsequent reactions of divinylidene compounds not capable of anionic homopolymerization was extended to 1,3-bis(1-phenylvinyl)benzene (2). A new method for the preparation of this compound is described. Its reaction with Li, Na, and K as electron transfer reagents in THF as solvent results in an increasing yield in polymeric combination products of the radical anions formed primarily with increasing reducing power of the alkali metal. The main product, however, in any case is the cyclic dimeric tetra-anion of 2, which upon protonation yields 1,4,11,14-tetraphenyl[4.4]metacyclophane (3).
Genetic parameters for somatic cell score according to udder infection status in Valle del Belice dairy sheep and impact of imperfect diagnosis of in…
2010
Abstract Background Somatic cell score (SCS) has been promoted as a selection criterion to improve mastitis resistance. However, SCS from healthy and infected animals may be considered as separate traits. Moreover, imperfect sensitivity and specificity could influence animals' classification and impact on estimated variance components. This study was aimed at: (1) estimating the heritability of bacteria negative SCS, bacteria positive SCS, and infection status, (2) estimating phenotypic and genetic correlations between bacteria negative and bacteria positive SCS, and the genetic correlation between bacteria negative SCS and infection status, and (3) evaluating the impact of imperfect diagno…
Description of x-ray beams using the fluorescence yields of a set of thick targets
1995
Quantitative methods in x-ray fluorescence analysis require a knowledge of the spectral distribution of the fluorescence-exciting beam. The use of XRF yield measurements of a set of thick pure element targets is proposed for the description of a fluorescence-exciting x-ray beam, without the need to obtain its spectral distribution. This new approach is derived theoretically and verified by comparing thin-target yields calculated from XRF yield measurements of thick pure element specimens with those obtained from a calculated spectral distribution. The difference between the two methods of obtaining the thin-target yields is within 9% relative error.
Economic values for production and functional traits in Valle del Belice dairy sheep using profit functions
2011
Abstract A deterministic static model was used to estimate the economic values (EV) of production (MY, milk yield; BW, birth weight; and ADG, average daily gain) and functional traits (ASR, adult survival rate; LSR, lamb survival rate; FE, fertility; PR, prolificacy; and LW ewe , mature weight of ewe) in Valle del Belice dairy sheep. In this study, values for the biological parameters and the production traits used in the model were taken from real data, by surveying 15 Valle del Belice farmers and reflected the production circumstances of pasture based dairy production systems. In this system feed cost accounted for 95% of total variable costs, whereas fixed costs were low and reflected tr…
Reactions of dirhodium(II) monometallated compounds with phosphines. Factors affecting the reactivity and the structure of the doubly-metallated comp…
1992
Abstract Monometallated compounds of formula Rh2(O2CCH3)3[(p-XC6H3)P(p-XC6H4)2](HO2CCH3)2 (X=CH3, Cl) have been prepared in good yield. The reactions with p-substituted triarylphosphines P(p-X′C6H4)3 (X′=CH3, H, Cl) have been studied. For X=X′ and [P]/[Rh2]=1 all the resulting doubly metallated compounds Rh2(O2CCH3)2[(p- XC6H3)P(p-XC6H4)2](HO2CCH3)2 (X=CH3, Cl) have head-to-tail (H-T) structure. For [P]/[Rh2]=3 reaction progress is observed at room temperature. When X=X′ a 1:1 mixture of H-T and H-H compounds is formed for X=Cl but only the H-H compound is obtained for X=CH3. For X ≠ X′ mixtures of H-T and H-H compounds are obtained. The entering phosphine, and to a less extent the phosphin…
Coordination properties of imino(2-pyridyl)methylpalladium(II) compounds. Preparation and thermal rearrangement of binuclear adducts with palladium(I…
1988
Abstract The imino(2-pyridyl)methylpalladium(II) compound py-2-C(R′)NR (R = C 6 H 4 OMe-p, R′ = trans-PdCl(PPh 3 ) 2 ) reacts with [PdCl 2 (CH 2 CHPh)] 2 , [PdCl 2 - (NCMe) 2 ], and K[PtCl 3 (CH 2 CH 2 )] to give binuclear complexes [MCl 2 {py-2- C(R′)NR}] (M = Pd, Pt), in which the α-diimino group acts as a chelating bidentate ligand. In hot 1,2-dichloroethane, these complexes undergo a PPh 3 and chloride ligand exchange at rates which depend markedly on the metal M (Pd ⪢ Pt), to yield the new derivatives [MCl(PPh 3 ){py-2-C(cis-PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ))NR}]. The ligand exchange is followed by a much slower decomposition to [MCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 ]. Labile intermediates of the same type, [MCl(PPh …