0000000000141152
AUTHOR
Patrick Dutartre
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) activation protects H9c2 cardiomyoblasts from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and PPARgamma plays beneficial roles in cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and heart reperfusion. Although PPARalpha and gamma have been documented to reduce oxidative stress in the vasculature and the heart, the role of PPARdelta remains poorly studied.We focused on PPARdelta function in the regulation of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in the rat cardiomyoblast cell line H9c2. Using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we showed that PPARdelta is the predominantly expressed isotype whereas PPARalpha was weakly detected. By performing cell viability assays, we …
Transport, stability, and biological activity of resveratrol
Numerous studies have reported interesting properties of trans-resveratrol, a phytoalexin, as a preventive agent of several important pathologies: vascular diseases, cancers, viral infections, and neurodegenerative processes. These beneficial effects of resveratrol have been supported by observations at the cellular and molecular levels in both cellular and in vivo models, but the cellular fate of resveratrol remains unclear. We suggest here that resveratrol uptake, metabolism, and stability of the parent molecule could influence the biological effects of resveratrol. It appears that resveratrol stability involves redox reactions and biotransformation that influence its antioxidant properti…
Oleanolic acid and hederagenin glycosides from Weigela stelzneri
Four previously undescribed and one known oleanolic acid glycosides were isolated from the roots of Weigela stelzneri, and one previously undescribed and three known hederagenin glycosides were isolated from the leaves. Their structures were elucidated mainly by 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyloleanolic acid, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-xylopyranosyloleanolic acid, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-…
Acylated oleanane-type saponins from Ganophyllum giganteum
Abstract Five oleanane-type saponins , 3- O -β- D -glucuronopyranosylzanhic acid 28- O -β- D -xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-[α- L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-(4- O -acetyl)-β- D -fucopyranosyl ester ( 1 ), 3- O -β- D -glucopyranosylzanhic acid 28- O -β- D -xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-[α- L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-(4- O -acetyl)-β- D -fucopyranosyl ester ( 2 ), zanhic acid 28- O -β- D -xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-[α- L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-(4- O -acetyl)-β- D -fucopyranosyl ester ( 3 ), zanhic acid 28- O -α- L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-4- O -[(3′-hydroxy-2′-methyl-butyroyloxy)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-butyroyloxy]-β- D -fucopyranosyl ester ( 4 ), medicagenic acid 28- O -α- L -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-4- O -[(3′-hydroxy-2′-methyl-…
A New Aromatic Compound from the Stem Bark of Terminalia catappa
A new aromatic compound 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-1- O-(4-sulfo)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), in addition to two triterpenoid saponins (chebuloside II, arjunoglucoside II), two triterpenes (arjunolic acid and 3-betulinic acid) and sitosterol-3- O-β-D-glucopyranoside have been isolated from the barks of Terminalia catappa. Their structures have been established on the basis of spectroscopic techniques (1D/2D NMR) and MS. Their cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity, together with the antioxidant capacity of compound 1 were also evaluated.
Impact of high-fat diet on antioxidant status, vascular wall thickening and cardiac function in adult female LDLR<sup>–/–</sup> mice
International audience; Background: Western diet, rich in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We thus investigated in female mice the influence of this diet on plasma antioxidant status, vascular wall thickening and cardiac function. Methods and Results: Adult female C57BL/6J wild type (WT) and LDLR–/– mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 17 weeks. HFD induced an increase in plasma lipids and vitamin C (Vit C) levels in both groups but at a much higher level in LDLR–/– and a decrease in plasma ascorbyl free radical levels to Vit C ratio (an endogenous oxidative stress index) in LDLR–/–. We only found a slight decr…
Triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Spergularia marginata.
Phytochemical investigations of the roots of Spergularia marginata had led to the isolation of four previously undescribed triterpenoid saponins, a known one and one spinasterol glycoside. Their structures were established by extensive NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques as 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl echinocystic acid 28-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L- arabinopyranosyl ester, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl echinocystic acid 28-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)- α-L-arabinopyranosyl ester, 3-O-β-D-glucopy…
Triterpenoid saponins from Polycarpaea corymbosa Lamk. var. eriantha Hochst.
Abstract Four triterpenoid saponins (1–4) were isolated from Polycarpaea corymbosa Lamk. var. eriantha Hochst along with the known apoanagallosaponin IV (5). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. Among the compounds 1, 3–5 which were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against three tumor cell lines (SW480, DU145 and EMT6), compound 1 exhibited cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 4.61 to 22.61 μM, which was greater than that of etoposide. Compound 2 was tested only against SW480 and a cardiomyoblast cell line (H9c2), and was inactive.
Cytotoxic steroidal glycosides from Allium flavum.
Abstract Three new spirostane-type glycosides ( 1 – 3 ) were isolated from the whole plant of Allium flavum . Their structures were elucidated mainly by 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry as (20 S ,25 R )-2α-hydroxyspirost-5-en-3β-yl O -β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[β- d -galactopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β- d -galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-β- d -galactopyranoside ( 1 ), (20 S ,25 R )-2α-hydroxyspirost-5-en-3β-yl O -β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β- d -galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-β- d -galactopyranoside ( 2 ), and (20 S ,25 R )-spirost-5-en-3β-yl O -α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β- d -glucopyranoside ( 3 ). The three saponins were evaluated f…
New pregnane and phenolic glycosides from Solenostemma argel.
Abstract From the aerial parts, pericarps and roots of Solenostemma argel, three new pregnane glycosides (1–3) with two known ones and a new phenolic glycoside (4) have been isolated. Their structures were established by extensive 1D – and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic analysis. The cytotoxicity of all compounds was evaluated against two human tumor cell lines (SW 480, MCF-7), but none of them was active in the concentration range 0.9–59.0 μM. Compounds 2 and the known argeloside F at non toxic concentrations for the PBMCs (27.3 μM and 27.6 μM, respectively) significantly decreased the Il-1β production by LPS-stimulated PBMCs. All isolated compounds showed a significant antioxidant potentia…
Solanum incanum and S. heteracanthum as sources of biologically active steroid glycosides: Confirmation of their synonymy
A new spirostanol saponin (1), along with four known saponins, dioscin (2), protodioscin (3), methyl-protodioscin (4), and indioside D (5), and one known steroid glycoalkaloid solamargine (6) were isolated from the two synonymous species, Solanum incanum and S. heteracanthum. The structure of the new saponin was established as (23S,25R)-spirost-5-en-3β,23-diol 3-O-{β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside}, by using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques including (1)H, (13)C, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC experiments and by mass spectrometry. The compounds 1, 3, 4 and 5 were evaluated for cytotoxicity against five cancer c…
Steroidal saponins from Chlorophytum deistelianum.
Abstract Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Chlorophytum deistelianum led to the isolation of four previously undescribed steroidal saponins called chlorodeistelianosides A–D with five known ones. Their structures were established mainly by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry as (25R)-3β-[(β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β- d -galactopyranosyl)oxy]-5α-spirostan-12-one, (24S,25S)-24-[(β- d -glucopyranosyl)oxy]-3β-[(β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β- d -galactopyranosyl)ox…
Triterpenoid saponins from the roots of two Gypsophila species.
Two triterpenoid saponins with two known ones have been isolated from the roots of Gypsophila arrostii var. nebulosa, and two new ones from the roots of Gypsophila bicolor. Their structures were established by extensive NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques as 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosylquillaic acid 28-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fucopyranosyl ester (1), 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin 28-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-fuco…
Paradoxically, iron overload does not potentiate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in vitro in cardiomyocytes and in vivo in mice
Doxorubicin (DOX) is known to induce serious cardiotoxicity, which is believed to be mediated by oxidative stress and complex interactions with iron. However, the relationship between iron and DOX-induced cardiotoxicity remains controversial and the role of iron chelation therapy to prevent cardiotoxicity is called into question. Firstly, we evaluated in vitro the effects of DOX in combination with dextran-iron on cell viability in cultured H9c2 cardiomyocytes and EMT-6 cancer cells. Secondly, we used an in vivo murine model of iron overloading (IO) in which male C57BL/6 mice received a daily intra-peritoneal injection of dextran-iron (15mg/kg) for 3weeks (D0-D20) and then (D21) a single su…
New triterpenoid estersaponins from the root barks of Pittosporum verticillatum subsp. verticillatum and evaluation of cytotoxicities
The phytochemical investigation of the root barks of Pittosporum verticillatum Bojer subsp. verticillatum led to the isolation of three new triterpene saponins, 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)]-[α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-21-O-(2-acetoxy-2-methylbutanoyl)-R1-barrigenol (1), 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)]-[α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-21-O-(2-acetoxy-2-methylbutanoyl)-28-O-acetyl-R1-barrigenol (2), 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)]-[α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-21-O-β,β-dimethylacryloyl-22-O-angeloyl-R1-barrigenol (3), and one known saponin sen…
Effect of commercially available Plant Defence Stimulators (PDS) on human innate immunity
PDS (Plant defence stimulators) constitute a recent alternative to pesticides used for crop protection. These compounds called elicitors are of diverse nature, but they all act by stimulating innate immune system of plants. So, plants can better fight pathogens. Furthermore, there are many similarities in pathogen perception systems and cellular signalling in plants and animals. It is well established that many elicitors stimulate both human and plant innate immunity (Zipfel and Felix, 2005). Therefore, it is likely that human innate immunity could be modulated by PDS. The aim of this study is to evaluate pro/anti-inflammatory activity of five different commercially available PDS on human c…
Steroidal saponins from Dracaena marginata
Three new steroidal saponins and ten known ones were isolated from the bark of Dracaena marginata, along with two known steroidal saponins from the roots. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectrometry as (25R)-26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)3beta,22alpha-dihydroxyfurost-5-en-1beta-yl O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), (25R)-26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3beta,22alpha-dihydroxyfurost-5-en-1beta-yl O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-4-O-sulfo-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (2), and (25S)-3beta-hydroxyspirost-5-en-1beta-yl O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-4-O-sulfo-alpha-L…
Steroidal saponins from Chlorophytum deistelianum
Abstract Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Chlorophytum deistelianum led to the isolation of four previously undescribed steroidal saponins called chlorodeistelianosides A–D with five known ones. Their structures were established mainly by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry as (25R)-3β-[(β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β- d -galactopyranosyl)oxy]-5α-spirostan-12-one, (24S,25S)-24-[(β- d -glucopyranosyl)oxy]-3β-[(β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β- d -galactopyranosyl)ox…