Rat Cardiac progenitor cells and their application in cell therapy

cells and the subsequent heart failure. When the pharmacological approach no longer complies with the disease evolution, organ transplantation appears to be the only treatment able to rescue the patient life. Cell therapy promises to be clinically efficient and would allow circumventing many limitations of organ transplantation, such as organ low availability, major surgical procedures, high costs and longterm immunosuppression [1]. We designed porous Poly-Lactic Acid (PLLA) and Fibroin scaffolds to deliver CPCs in the heart, we isolated and characterized CPCs for the expression of c-Kit, MDR-1 and Sca-1 by flow cytometry, we tested their degree of differentiation in vitro studying the expr…

MOESM7 of Histone macroH2A1.2 promotes metabolic health and leanness by inhibiting adipogenesis

Additional file 7. Figure S6. Histogram representing the distance and the frequency of macroH2A1.2-binding regions from transcriptional starting site (TSS), genome-wide.

L'uso di doping ed integratori in atleti non professionisti. Studio epidemiologico

Hsp27 and Hsp60 in human submandibular salivary gland: Quantitative patterns in healthy and cancerous tissues with potential implications for differential diagnosis and carcinogenesis

Tumors of the submandibular salivary gland (SMG) are uncommon but sufficiently frequent for the physician to consider them in routine examinations and for the pathologist to be prepared to differentiate them from other tissue abnormalities. However, scarcity of specimens makes training difficult, a situation compounded by the lack of accepted universal diagnostic guidelines. Furthermore, there is little information on the chaperone system (CS) of the gland, despite the increasing evidence of its participation in carcinogenesis as a biomarker for diagnosis and patient follow up, and in the mechanisms by which the tumor cells thrive. We are investigating this aspect of various tumors, and her…

ANALYSIS OF “JUMPER’S KNEE” PREVENTIVE FACTORS IN VOLLEYBALL

Hsp60 levels in the skeletal muscle are fibre-type specific and increase after endurance training

Role of different endurance training programs on cancer cachexia:pointing particular attention to the gender and age differences Macaluso

Evidence from recent publications indicates that repeated exercise may enhance the quality of life of cancer patients (Maddocks et al., 2012). Regular physical activity may attenuate the adverse effects of cancer therapy, prevent or reverse cachexia and improve survival, although not all the patients are able or willing to undertake programs currently being offered. The aims of this study were to analyze: i) the effects of a progressive endurance exercise (progressive Training, pTR) on survival and cachexia in sedentary (SED) mice inoculated (I) with a fresh fragment of solid C26 tumor [SED-I-pTR; SED-I-SED]; ii) the effect of different protocols of endurance exercise (Trained for 30 min, T…

Effetti del canottaggio sul dorso di soggetti sani e soggetti paramorfici con ipercifosi in età giovanile ed adolescenziale

Skeletal muscle HSP60 expression is fiber-type specific and increases after endurance training

Heat shock protein (Hsp) 60 is primarily localized inside mitochondrial, plays a key role in the translocation of proteins and cytoprotection, and its levels increase in skeletal muscle upon exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine muscle fiber specificity of HSP60 at rest and after an endurance training program of 6 weeks. Forth-eight young (7-weeks old) healthy mice (BALB/c) were subdivided into sedentary and trained groups. Training was performed over a period of 6 weeks on a rota-rod, at a gradually increasing duration and speed. Eight mice of each group were sacrificed after 15, 30 and 45 days. Two days after the last exercise session all mice were sacrificed by cervical disl…

Le patologie del tendine di Achille in atleti di mezzofondo. Valutazione comparativa tra sportivi di entrambi i sessi

Soccer players have a better standing balance in nondominant one-legged stance

Rosario Barone1, Filippo Macaluso2, Marcello Traina3,4, Vincenza Leonardi4,5, Felicia Farina1, Valentina Di Felice11Human Anatomy Section 'E. Luna', BioNeC, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 2Department of Physiological Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases, 4Methods and Didactics of Motory Activities, DISMOT, 5Department of General Surgery, Emergency and Organ Transplants (GENURTO), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy  Rosario Barone and Filippo Macaluso contributed equally to the workAbstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in standing balan…

MOESM2 of Histone macroH2A1.2 promotes metabolic health and leanness by inhibiting adipogenesis

Additional file 2. Figure S1. Representative images of wild-type and macroH2A1.2 transgenic (Tg) mice adipose tissue (VAT) sections immunostained for macroH2A1.2 (red). Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst (blue), while perilipin was immunostained to define adipose cell membranes (green). macroH2A1.2 expression was detected only in the VAT of Tg animals but not in wild-type animals (white arrows).

SFRR-E Young Investigator AwardeeαB-crystallin modulation after acute exercise in skeletal muscle: the role of oxidative stress and fiber composition.

αB-crystallin (CRYAB) is a member of the small heat shock proteins implicated in various biological functions, particularly in skeletal muscle where it is involved in adaptive remodelling processes, activation of gene transcription and stabilization of nascent proteins.In this research we analysed αB-crystallin' response in mouse gastrocnemius at 15' and 30' of recovery from an acute aerobic exercise (1hour), correlating its modulation with oxidative stress level and fiber composition, red (RG) and white gastrocnemius (WG).We found for the first time that the acute exercise lead to a short term, specific increase of phospho-αB-crystallin level (pCRYAB) in the RG, while no changes were obser…

Alzheimer's Disease and Molecular Chaperones: Current Knowledge and the Future of Chaperonotherapy

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a dementia, a neurodegenerative condition, and a protein-misfolding disease or proteinopathy, characterized by protein deposits, extracellular plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, which contain the AD’s typical pathological proteins, abnormal [1]-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau, respectively, and are located predominantly in the cortex of the frontal, parietal, and temporal brain lobes. What is the role of molecular chaperones in AD? Data indicate that molecular chaperones, also known as Hsp, are involved in AD, probably displaying protective roles and/or acting as pathogenic factors as it occurs in chaperonopathies in which case AD …

Un suggerimento pratico per la prevenzione della Commotio Cordis

Study of the effects of Pleurotuseryngii var. eryngii on heat shock proteins and cytokines levels in a mouse model of colon carcinoma

Medicinal mushrooms are wonderful source of nutraceuticals with a wide range of benefit for human health. The current anti-cancer therapy is not always target specific and often is associated with complications for patients. Therefore new effective and less toxic therapeutic approaches are needed. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are highly expressed in a variety of cancer types contributing to tumor cell propagation. Here, we treated C26 colon cancer cells with a cold-water extracts of an edible mushrooms Pleurotuseryngii var. eryngii (Pleuery). Hsp90, 70, 60 and 27 levels were measured by western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Moreover, we evaluated Pleueryanti cancer effect in an an…

The early response of αB-crystallin to a single bout of aerobic exercise in mouse skeletal muscles depends upon fiber oxidative features

Besides its substantial role in eye lens, αB-crystallin (HSPB5) retains fundamental function in striated muscle during physiological or pathological modifications. In this study, we aimed to analyse the cellular and molecular factors driving the functional response of HSPB5 protein in different muscles from mice subjected to an acute bout of non-damaging endurance exercise or in C2C12 myocytes upon exposure to pro-oxidant environment, chosen as “in vivo” and “in vitro” models of a physiological stressing conditions, respectively.To this end, red (GR) and white gastrocnemius (GW), as sources of slow-oxidative and fast-glycolytic/oxidative fibers, as well as the soleus (SOL), mainly composed …

Soccer players have a better standing balance in nondominant one-legged stance

Rosario Barone1, Filippo Macaluso2, Marcello Traina3,4, Vincenza Leonardi4,5, Felicia Farina1, Valentina Di Felice11Human Anatomy Section 'E. Luna', BioNeC, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 2Department of Physiological Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases, 4Methods and Didactics of Motory Activities, DISMOT, 5Department of General Surgery, Emergency and Organ Transplants (GENURTO), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy  Rosario Barone and Filippo Macaluso contributed equally to the workAbstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in standing balan…

Silk fibroin scaffolds enhance cell commitment of adult rat cardiac progenitor cells.

The use of three-dimensional (3D) cultures may induce cardiac progenitor cells to synthesize their own extracellular matrix (ECM) and sarcomeric proteins to initiate cardiac differentiation. 3D cultures grown on synthetic scaffolds may favour the implantation and survival of stem cells for cell therapy when pharmacological therapies are not efficient in curing cardiovascular diseases and when organ transplantation remains the only treatment able to rescue the patient’s life. Silk fibroin-based scaffolds may be used to increase cell affinity to biomaterials and may be chemically modified to improve cell adhesion. In the present study, porous, partially orientated and electrospun nanometric n…

Natural autofluorescence in archeological bone

The human bone present a natural autofluorescence which is tipically induced by natural antibiotiscs absorbed by collagen and in part is due to phenomena not weel know and referred to an enigmatic endogenous fluophore. Is iintristing for us to see the autofluorescence in the various age of the observed samples.

A mouse model of alcoholic liver disease reveals protection by Lactobacillus fermentum

The knowledge and treatment of alcoholic liver disease is still plagued with gaps mostly due to the inherent limitations of research with patients. We developed an animal model for studying liver histopathology, Hsp-chaperones involvement, and response to treatment. The system was standardized using mice to which ethanol was orally administered alone or in combination with Lactobacillus fermentum for 4, 8 and 12 weeks and applying a battery of techniques (histology, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, real-time PCR, immunoprecipitation, 3-nitrotyrosine labeling) to assess liver pathology and Hsp60, iNOS gene expression and protein levels, and Hsp60 post-translational modifications. Stea…

Poly-lactic acid and fibrinoin scaffolds as three-dimensional device to differentiate cardiac stem cells: in vitro and in vivo studies

Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, Vol 115, No 1/2 (Supplement) 2010

The dissociation of the Hsp60/pro-Caspase-3 complex by bis(pyridyl)oxadiazole copper complex (CubipyOXA) leads to cell death in NCI-H292 cancer cells

Abstract Cell survival and proliferation are central to carcinogenesis, involving various mechanisms among which those that impede apoptosis are important. In this, the role of the molecular chaperone Hsp60 is unclear since it has been reported that it can be both, pro- or anti-apoptotic. A solution to this riddle is crucial to the development of anti-cancer therapies targeting Hsp60. We addressed this question using a tumor cell line, NCI-H292, and [Cu(3,5-bis(2′-pyridyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 2 , CubipyOXA , a copper-containing compound with cytotoxic properties. We treated cells with various doses of the compound and measured cell viability; apoptosis indicators; and le…

Ascending aorta phenotypic and genotypic changes in bicuspid aortic valve disease

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) with left-right (L-R), right-non coronary (R-NC) and left-non coronary (L-NC) cusp fusion represents distinct pathological entities and the rate of aortic enlargement varies according to the pattern of cusps fusion (1). Here, we investigated the histological features of aneurysms associated to different BAV phenotypes and we looked for specific microRNAs (miRNA) as biomarkers of medial degeneration severity. Aortic specimens and blood were obtained from BAV patients treated surgically for the repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm and were divided into two groups: low grade medial degeneration (LGMD, n=10); high grade medial degeneration (HGMD, n=10). A control group…

Exercise-Induced Activation and Translocation of αB-Crystallin in Skeletal Muscle Depends upon Fiber Type and Oxidative Stress

Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB) is a member of the small heat shock proteins implicated in various biological functions, particularly in skeletal muscle tissue [1], where it results to be modulated following exercise-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) [2]. In this work we aimed to analyse the CRYAB response to acute exercise with respect muscle fiber composition and to identify the underlying molecular mechanism by the utilization of the C2C12 “in vitro” cellular model. Our results highlighted as acute exercise determines a specific increase of phospho-CRYAB both in the red, but not white, gastrocnemius (GS), with an higher amount of oxidative and oxidative-glycolytic fibers, and in soleus (S…

MUSCLE WASTING AND CARDIAC MUSCLE DAMAGE IN CACHECTIC PATIENTS

Muscle wasting is a degeneration of the muscle tissue that can derive from several patho-logical situations, but most of the times is caused by a condition of cachexia in patients with cancer or other diseases. This degeneration results from a decrease in protein syn-thesis and an increase in protein degradation. This is caused mainly by the overexpres-sion of ubiquitin-proteosome-system (UPS) elements, under the control of factors re-leased in cachexia that lead cells toward a catabolic rather than an anabolic pathway. Both skeletal and cardiac muscles can be affected by muscle wasting and until now an effective treatment is unknown. Only experimental trials of exercise training bring to a…

Analisi quantitativa del tessuto tendineo di ratto adulto allenato

Extracellular vesicles from PBDE-47 treated M(LPS) THP-1 macrophages modulate the expression of markers of epithelial integrity, EMT, inflammation and muco-secretion in ALI culture of airway epithelium

Aims: The lung epithelial cells form a physical barrier to the external environment acting as the first line of defence against potentially harmful environmental stimuli. These cells interact with several other cellular components, of which macrophages are some of the most relevant. We analysed the effects of the PBDE-47 on the microRNA cargo of THP-1 macrophage like derived small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) and the effects on A549 lung epithelial cells. Main methods: sEVs from M(LPS) THP-1 macrophage-like cells after PBDE-47 treatment (sEVsPBDE+LPS) were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and their microRNA cargo studied by qPCR. Confocal microscopy was applied to study sEVs…

Effect of Exercise on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Adipokine Secretion in Adipose Tissue

Increased physical activity is an optimal way to maintain a good health. During exercise, triacylglycerols, an energy reservoir in adipose tissue, are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids (FAs) which are then released to the circulation, providing a fuel for working muscles. Thus, regular physical activity leads to a reduction of adipose tissue mass and improves metabolism. However, the reduction of lipid reservoir is also associated with many other interesting changes in adipose tissue FA metabolism. For example, a prolonged exercise contributes to a decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity and resultant reduction of FA uptake. This results in the improvement of mitochondrial function and upregul…

Nandrolone decanoate interferes on testosterone biosynthesis and alters blood-testis barrier.

Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is a synthetic testosterone analogue considered one of the most commonly abused anabolic androgenic steroids by adolescents and athletes. ND is alleged to promote an increase in muscle mass and improves both physical appearance and sporting performance, but ND abuse is often associated with serious adverse effects, interfering with the endocrine system and the reproductive system. In a previous study, we demonstrated that ND treatment of Leydig cells interferes with the biosynthesis of testosterone in a dose increase-dependent fashion (1). As a consequence of the results obtained in vitro, in this study an animal model was utilized to better understand the side eff…

Post-translational modifications of hsp60 and its extracellular release via exosomes are induced by the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) SAHA in the mucoepidermoid tumor H292 cells.

The chaperonin Hsp60 has multiple functions, among which that of supporting the growth of some type of tumours (1). HDACi (histone-deacetylase inhibitors) are drugs that regulate gene expression via modulation of epigenetic mechanisms, and induce tumor-cell death (2). Here, we show that in the tumor cells H292 the HDACi SAHA decreases the intracellular level of Hps60 and promotes its extracellular trafficking by exosomal vesicles. SAHA caused a time- and dose-dependent decrease in cell viability with a G/2M cell-cycle arrest at 24 h and cell death at 48 h. These effects were accompanied by production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane-potential dissipation. The marked dec…

Effects of Nandrolone Stimulation on Testosterone Biosynthesis in Leydig Cells

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are among the drugs most used by athletes for improving physical performance, as well as for aesthetic purposes. A number of papers have showed the side effects of AAS in different organs and tissues. For example, AAS are known to suppress gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle‐stimulating hormone. This study investigates the effects of nandrolone on testosterone biosynthesis in Leydig cells using various methods, including mass spectrometry, western blotting, confocal microscopy and quantitative real‐time PCR. The results obtained show that testosterone levels increase at a 3.9 μM concentration of nandrolone and return to the ba…

Inhibition of Hsp60 expression by doxorubicin and replicative senescence instauration in mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells

Histologic effects of university of wisconsin two-layer method preservation of rat pancreas.

Marginal donors represent a poorly utilized source of organs for transplantation despite their availability. The key is to reduce the ischemic damage in the effort to improve organ quality. This study investigated the histologic effects after in situ perfusion of preservation with a two-layer method compared with the classic University of Wisconsin preservation in term of tissue integrity and number of viable exocrine cells in the rat pancreas both after exsanguination and at 8 weeks of cryopreservation. Pancreata harvested from 60 rats were collected using 3 methods: two-layer method following University of Wisconsin perfusion; exsanguination; and classic University of Wisconsin perfusion/…

The Chaperone System in Breast Cancer: Roles and Therapeutic Prospects of the Molecular Chaperones Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90

Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health problem, with key pieces of information needed for developing preventive and curative measures still missing. For example, the participation of the chaperone system (CS) in carcinogenesis and anti-cancer responses is poorly understood, although it can be predicted to be a crucial factor in these mechanisms. The chief components of the CS are the molecular chaperones, and here we discuss four of them, Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90, focusing on their pro-carcinogenic roles in BC and potential for developing anti-BC therapies. These chaperones can be targets of negative chaperonotherapy, namely the elimination/blocking/inhibition of the chaperone(s)…

Shoulder's volleyball player: an epidemiological study

MicroRNAs expression in c-Kit+/Sca-1+/MDR-1+ cardiac stem cells in three dimensional cultures

Ethanol-Mediated Stress Promotes Autophagic Survival and Aggressiveness of Colon Cancer Cells via Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway

Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic alcohol consumption is a lifestyle risk factor strongly associated with colorectal cancer development and progression. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of ethanol (EtOH) on survival and progression of three different colon cancer cell lines (HCT116, HT29, and Caco-2). Our data showed that EtOH induces oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as demonstrated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ER stress markers Grp78, ATF6, PERK and, CHOP increase. Moreover, EtOH triggers an autophagic response which is accompanied by the upregulation of beclin, LC3-II, ATG7, and p62 proteins. The addition of the antioxidant N-acetyl…

The use of doping and integrators in non professionals athletes. Epidemiological study

Exercise and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation Induce Changes in the Composition of Liver Fatty Acids

Exercise and supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) are used to reduce body weight and to improve health. Applied together, they may exert a synergistic effect. However, the effects of exercise and CLA supplementation on liver metabolism are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of exercise and CLA supplementation on fatty acids (FA) composition in mouse liver. We analyzed 44 of known FAs of this organ by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our results demonstrated that exercise contributed to a decrease in odd-chain FA and an increase in n-6 polyunsaturated FA contents. In turn, CLA stimulated an increase in branched-chain FAs and n-3 polyunsa…

Maximum Water Temperature Limit in Open-Water Swimming Events

Effects of mild aerobic exercise training on the diaphragm in mdx mice

Mild endurance exercise training positively affects limb skeletal muscle in the mdx mice model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). However, few and controversial data are available on the effects of mild exercise training on the diaphragm of mdx mice. The diaphragm was examined in mdx and wild type mice either under sedentary conditions (mdx-SD, WT-SD) or during mild exercise training (mdx-EX, WT-EX). At baseline and after 30 and 45 days of training (5 d/wk for 6 weeks), diaphragm muscle morphology and Cx39 protein were assessed. In addition, tissue levels of the chaperonin Hsp60 were measured at the same time points in gastrocnemius, quadriceps and diaphragm in each experimental group. A…

Muscle Histopathological Abnormalities in a Patient With a CCT5 Mutation Predicted to Affect the Apical Domain of the Chaperonin Subunit.

Recognition of diseases associated with mutations of the chaperone system genes, e.g., chaperonopathies, is on the rise. Hereditary and clinical aspects are established, but the impact of the mutation on the chaperone molecule and the mechanisms underpinning the tissue abnormalities are not. Here, histological features of skeletal muscle from a patient with a severe, early onset, distal motor neuropathy, carrying a mutation on the CCT5 subunit (MUT) were examined in comparison with normal muscle (CTR). The MUT muscle was considerably modified; atrophy of fibers and disruption of the tissue architecture were prominent, with many fibers in apoptosis. CCT5 was diversely present in the sarcolem…

Sex-based differences after a single bout of exercise on PGC1α isoforms in skeletal muscle: A pilot study

To date, there are limited and incomplete data on possible sex-based differences in fiber-types of skeletal muscle and their response to physical exercise. Adult healthy male and female mice completed a single bout of endurance exercise to examine the sex-based differences of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α), heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), interleukin 6 (IL-6) expression, as well as the Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) fiber-type distribution in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Our results showed for the first time that in male soleus, a muscle rich of type IIa fibers, endurance exercise activates specifically genes involved in mito…

Heat Shock Proteins Alterations in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease characterized by the attack of the immune system on the body’s healthy joint lining and degeneration of articular structures. This disease involves an increased release of inflammatory mediators in the affected joint that sensitize sensory neurons and create a positive feedback loop to further enhance their release. Among these mediators, the cytokines and neuropeptides are responsible for the crippling pain and the persistent neurogenic inflammation associated with RA. More importantly, specific proteins released either centrally or peripherally have been shown to play opposing roles in the pathogenesis of this dise…

The use of doping and integrators in not professionals athletes: epidemiological study

Modificazioni posturali indotte dal canottaggio in giovani atleti ben allenati

This research brings evidence that rowing represents a valid sports model for helping both healthy and paramorphic people in changing unhealthy back positions. In particular, this study analyzed the changes induced to the back of twenty well trained athletes. Furthermore, it was taken into consideration a case of an athlete who presented a case of kyphosis and lordosys. This study was carried on for a period of two years during which it was observed that both kyphosis and lordosys had disappeared in the subject observed for this study. The quantitative and qualitative variables taken into account here, demonstrate that the positive results for correcting and self-correcting the position of …

European Week of Sport: innovative initiative of European Commission that inspires children to be active

BAC KGROU ND: Estimates indicate that more than one third of European adults are inactive, despite the known benefits of physical activity. In 2015 the European Commission launched the European Week of Sport (EWoS), to encourage people to engage in sport and physical activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate if participation in the EWoS could motivate children to participate in physical activity in future. METHOD S: A total of 10,892 children (aged 6-14), from 6 EU cities (Palermo, Italy; Ankara, Turkey; Lousada, Portugal; Gardabaer, Iceland; Rijeka, Croatia; Albacete, Spain), were enrolled in sport activities (running sport event, extra hours of physical activity, seminars on physica…

MOESM3 of Histone macroH2A1.2 promotes metabolic health and leanness by inhibiting adipogenesis

Additional file 3. Figure S2. Increased glucose clearance because of enhanced insulin sensitivity in the muscle, liver and adipose tissue. Mice fed a chow diet were injected with insulin (INS, 0.75 U kg − 1) 15 min before being killed, after which phosphorylation status of AKT (Ser473) was determined by western blot. Representative immunoblots are shown in the skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue. Immunoblots were quantified by densitometry and normalized against total protein levels of AKT. *P

The chaperone system in glioblastoma multiforme and derived cell lines: diagnostic and mechanistic implications.

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Novel treatments are needed to counteract the molecular mechanisms of GBM growth and drug resistance. The chaperone system (CS) members are typically cytoprotective but some, termed Hsp, can become pathogenic and participate in carcinogenesis, along with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and we investigated them in GBM biopsies and derived cell lines. The objectives were to identify diagnostic-prognostic biomarkers and gather information for developing chaperonotherapy. METHODS: Cell lines from GBMs were established, characterized (morphology, growth characteristics, and sp…

A pratical suggestion for preventing Commotio Cordis

Heat shock protein 60 levels in tissue and circulating exosomes in human large bowel cancer before and after ablative surgery

BACKGROUND: Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is a chaperonin involved in tumorigenesis, but its participation in tumor development and progression is not well understood and its value as a tumor biomarker has not been fully elucidated. In the current study, the authors presented evidence supporting the theory that Hsp60 has potential as a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target in patients with large bowel cancer. METHODS: The authors studied a population of 97 subjects, including patients and controls. Immunomorphology, Western blot analysis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed on tissue specimens. Exosomes were isolated from blood and characterized by electr…

Nandrolone decanoate interferes with testosterone biosynthesis altering blood-testis barrier components

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate whether nandrolone decanoate (ND) use affects testosterone production and testicular morphology in a model of trained and sedentary mice. A group of mice underwent endurance training while another set led a sedentary lifestyle and were freely mobile within cages. All experimental groups were treated with either ND or peanut oil at different doses for 6 weeks. Testosterone serum levels were measured via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Western blot analysis and quantitative real‐time PCR were utilized to determine gene and protein expression levels of the primary enzymes implicated in testosterone biosynthesis and gene expression leve…

Hsp60 in Skeletal Muscle Fiber Biogenesis and Homeostasis: From Physical Exercise to Skeletal Muscle Pathology

Hsp60 is a molecular chaperone classically described as a mitochondrial protein with multiple roles in health and disease, participating to the maintenance of protein homeostasis. It is well known that skeletal muscle is a complex tissue, rich in proteins, that is, subjected to continuous rearrangements, and this homeostasis is affected by many different types of stimuli and stresses. The regular exercise induces specific histological and biochemical adaptations in skeletal muscle fibers, such as hypertrophy and an increase of mitochondria activity and oxidative capacity. The current literature is lacking in information regarding Hsp60 involvement in skeletal muscle fiber biogenesis and reg…

Physiactisome: A New Nanovesicle Drug Containing Heat Shock Protein 60 for Treating Muscle Wasting and Cachexia.

Currently, no commercially available drugs have the ability to reverse cachexia or counteract muscle wasting and the loss of lean mass. Here, we report the methodology used to develop Physiactisome—a conditioned medium released by heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60)—overexpressing C2C12 cell lines enriched with small and large extracellular vesicles. We also present evidence supporting its use in the treatment of cachexia. Briefly, we obtain a nanovesicle-based secretion by genetically modifying C2C12 cell lines with an Hsp60-overexpressing plasmid. The secretion is used to treat naïve C2C12 cell lines. Physiactisome activates the expression of PGC-1α isoform 1, which is di…

A pratical suggestion for prevention commotio cordis

Hsp60 expression in skeletal muscle increase after endurance training

The volleyball player's shoulder, an epidemiological study

Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on testosterone synthesis

The histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA induces HSP60 nitration and its extracellular release by exosomal vesicles in human lung-derived carcinoma cells

// Claudia Campanella 1, 2, * , Antonella D'Anneo 3, * , Antonella Marino Gammazza 1, 2, * , Celeste Caruso Bavisotto 1, 2 , Rosario Barone 1, 2 , Sonia Emanuele 4 , Filippa Lo Cascio 1 , Emanuele Mocciaro 1 , Stefano Fais 5 , Everly Conway De Macario 6 , Alberto J.L. Macario 2, 6 , Francesco Cappello 1, 2 , Marianna Lauricella 4 1 Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy “Emerico Luna”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy 2 Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy 3 Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Ita…

Doxorubicin anti-tumor mechanisms include Hsp60 post-translational modifications leading to the Hsp60/p53 complex dissociation and instauration of replicative senescence.

Hsp60 is a pro-carcinogenic chaperonin in certain tumor types by interfering with apoptosis and with tumor cell death. In these tumors, it is not known whether or not doxorubicin anti-tumor effects include a blockage of the pro-carcinogenic action of this protein. We used the human lung mucoepidermoid cell line NCI-H292 and different doses of doxorubicin to measure cell viability, cell cycle progression, cell senescence indicators, Hsp60 levels and its post-translational modifications as well as the release of the chaperonin into the extracellular environment. Cell viability was reduced in relation to doxorubicin dose and this was paralleled by the appearance of cell senescence markers. Con…

MOESM6 of Histone macroH2A1.2 promotes metabolic health and leanness by inhibiting adipogenesis

Additional file 6. Figure S5. Representative images of liver (left panels) and heart (right panels) sections immunostained for macroH2A1.1 or for macroH2A1.2 (green). Both isoforms appear to be highly expressed in hepatocytes, whereas there a strong reduction in expression pattern of macroH2A1.2 is observed in mouse heart tissue. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI.

Effects of water temperature on swimmers

alphaB-crystallin modulation after acute exercise in skeletal muscle: the role of oxidative stress and fiber composition

MOESM4 of Histone macroH2A1.2 promotes metabolic health and leanness by inhibiting adipogenesis

Additional file 4. Figure S3. MacroH2A1.1 and macroH2A1.2 expression in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and adipocytes. 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes with lentiviral-mediates stable expression of GFP, macroH2A1.1-GFP and macroH2A1.2-GFP were induced to differentiate into mature adipocytes as in Fig. 6. At the 1st, 5th and 15th day of differentiation, histones were extracted and processed for immunoblotting with anti-macroH2A1.1, macroH2A1.2 and anti-H3-specific antibodies. Representative blots are shown, together with MW ladder.

Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Associated With Endurance Exercise on Muscle Fibres and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator 1 α Isoforms

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to improve muscle hypertrophy, steroidogenesis, physical activity, and endurance capacity in mice, although the molecular mechanisms of its actions are not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to identify whether CLA alters the expression of any of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) isoforms, and to evaluate the possible existence of fibre-type-specific hypertrophy in the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles. Mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: placebo sedentary, CLA sedentary, placebo trained, or CLA trained. The CLA groups were gavaged with 35 μl per day of Tonalin® FFA 8…

Extracellular Vesicles: Delivery Vehicles of Myokines

Movement and regular physical activity are two important factors that help the human body prevent, reduce and treat different chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart diseases, hypertension, sarcopenia, cachexia and cancer. During exercise, several tissues release molecules into the blood stream, and are able to mediate beneficial effects throughout the whole body. In particular, contracting skeletal muscle cells have the capacity to communicate with other organs through the release of humoral factors that play an important role in the mechanisms of adaptation to physical exercise. These muscle-derived factors, today recognized as myokines, act as endocrine and paracrine hor…

Silk-based matrices and c-Kit positive cardiac progenitor cells for a cellularized silk fibroin scaffold: study of an in vivo model.

The production of a cellularized silk fibroin scaffold is very difficult because it is actually impossible to differentiate cells into a well-organized cardiac tissue. Without vascularization, not only do cell masses fail to grow, but they may also exhibit an area of necrosis, indicating a lack of oxygen and nutrients. In the present study, we used the so-called tyrosine protein kinase kit (c-kit)-positive cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) to generate cardiac cellularized silk fibroin scaffolds, multipotent cells isolated from the adult heart to date that can show some degree of differentiation toward the cardiac phenotype. To test their ability to differentiate into the cardiac phenotype in …

Do Fat Supplements Increase Physical Performance?

Fish oil and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) belong to a popular class of food supplements known as "fat supplements", which are claimed to reduce muscle glycogen breakdown, reduce body mass, as well as reduce muscle damage and inflammatory responses. Sport athletes consume fish oil and CLA mainly to increase lean body mass and reduce body fat. Recent evidence indicates that this kind of supplementation may have other side-effects and a new role has been identified in steroidogenensis. Preliminary findings demonstrate that fish oil and CLA may induce a physiological increase in testosterone synthesis. The aim of this review is to describe the effects of fish oil and CLA on physical performan…

L'USO DI DOPING ED INTEGRATORI IN ATLETI NON PROFESSIONISTI, STUDIO EPIDEMIOLOGICO

Atrial natriuretic Peptide expression in human articular cartilage

This immunohistochemical study aims to investigate the Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-presence and localization in human articular cartilage. Fragments of articular cartilage covering the femoral head were removed from patients submitted to surgical operation after femoral neck fracture without joint disease. The samples were immunostained with anti-ANP antibody. The results demonstrate that ANP is present in chondrocytes in all the three zones of the articular cartilage. Superficial chondrocytes show strong ANP-immunopositivty. The presence of ANP in the articular cartilage suggests that ANP may play a role in cartilage metabolism by regulating transport of molecules through the differen…

Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Testosterone Levels In Vitro and In Vivo After an Acute Bout of Resistance Exercise

The purposes of the present study were to investigate the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on testosterone levels in vitro on a cell line derived from Leydig cells (R2C) and in vivo in the blood of physically active subjects before and after a resistance exercise bout. In vitro R2C cells were treated with different CLA concentrations (0-30 μM) for 24 and 48 hours. After treatment, supernatant media were tested to determine testosterone secretion. The CLA increased the testosterone secretion only after 48 hours. In vivo, 10 resistance-trained male subjects, in a double-blind placebo-controlled and crossover study design were randomized for 3 weeks of either 6 g·d⁻¹ CL…

αB-crystallin activation in cardiac muscle by acute exercise mirrors the sHSP kinetic in oxidative skeletal muscle fibers: animal and cellular study

Alpha-B-Crystallin (CRYAB), a Small Heat Shock Protein sensitive to oxidative stress, is implicated in various biological processes in many tissues. In cardiac muscle, CRYAB exerts a cardio protective role in ischemia-induced damage preventing apoptosis and necrosis. We aimed to study αB-crystallin’ response in mouse cardiac tissue (H), at different time of recovery from an acute aerobic exercise (1 hour), correlating its modulation with oxidative stress level. We found that a single bout exercise lead to a specific short-term increase of phospho-αB-crystallin level (pCRYAB), without changes of its total expression. Further, the level of 4-hydroxynonenal, a marker of lipidic peroxidation, h…

Structural analysis of rat patellar tendon in response resistance and endurance training.

Little is known about tendon adaptations induced by mechanical loading. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of two different exercise training protocols on adult rat patellar tendon. Ninety-six male Wistar rats were divided into a sedentary group (control), a resistance-trained group and an endurance-trained group. The examinations were performed after 15, 30 and 45 days of training and after 2 weeks of rest since training was stopped. The content of collagen fibers and the cell nuclei number were quantified on tendon cross sections. In order to assess the training effectiveness, we evaluated the heart/body weight ratio, which was higher in 45 day-trained rats than their controls (P<0.01),…

Chronic brain damage in HIV-infected individuals under antiretroviral therapy is associated with viral reservoirs, sulfatide release, and compromised cell-to-cell communication

HIV infection has become a chronic and manageable disease due to the effective use of antiretroviral therapies (ART); however, several chronic aging-related comorbidities, including cognitive impairment, remain a major public health issue. However, these mechanisms are unknown. Here, we identified that glial and myeloid viral reservoirs are associated with local myelin damage and the release of several myelin components, including the lipid sulfatide. Soluble sulfatide compromised gap junctional communication and calcium wave coordination, essential for proper cognition. We propose that soluble sulfatide could be a potential biomarker and contributor to white matter compromise observed in H…

ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE: A MOUSE MODEL REVEALS PROTECTION BY LACTOBACILLUS FERMENTUM

Objectives Alcoholism is one of the most devastating diseases with high incidence, but knowledge of its pathology and treatment is still plagued with gaps mostly because of the inherent limitations of research with patients. We developed an animal model for studying liver histopathology, Hsp (heat-shock protein)-chaperones involvement, and response to treatment. Methods The system was standardized using mice to which ethanol was orally administered alone or in combination with Lactobacillus fermentum following a precise schedule over time and applying, at predetermined intervals, a battery of techniques (histology, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, real-time PCR, immunoprecipitation, …

Morphological Alterations and Stress Protein Variations in Lung Biopsies Obtained from Autopsies of COVID-19 Subjects

Molecular chaperones, many of which are heat shock proteins, play a role in cell stress response and regulate the immune system in various ways, such as in inflammatory/autoimmune reactions. It would be interesting to study the involvement of these molecules in the damage done to COVID-19-infected lungs. In our study, we performed a histological analysis and an immunomorphological evaluation on lung samples from subjects who succumbed to COVID-19 and subjects who died from other causes. We also assessed Hsp60 and Hsp90 distribution in lung samples to determine their location and post-translational modifications. We found histological alterations that could be considered pathognomonic for CO…

Cancer-Related Cachexia: The Vicious Circle between Inflammatory Cytokines, Skeletal Muscle, Lipid Metabolism and the Possible Role of Physical Training.

Cachexia is a multifactorial and multi-organ syndrome that is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in late-stage chronic diseases. The main clinical features of cancer-related cachexia are chronic inflammation, wasting of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, insulin resistance, anorexia, and impaired myogenesis. A multimodal treatment has been suggested to approach the multifactorial genesis of cachexia. In this context, physical exercise has been found to have a general effect on maintaining homeostasis in a healthy life, involving multiple organs and their metabolism. The purpose of this review is to present the evidence for the relationship between inflammatory cytokines, skeletal mus…

JNK pathway and heat shock response mediate the survival of C26 colon carcinoma bearing mice fed with the mushroom Pleurotus eryngii var. eryngii without affecting tumor growth or cachexia.

In the last few years, there has been emerging interest in developing treatments against human diseases using natural bioactive content. Here, the powder of the edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii var. eryngii was mixed with the normal diet of mice bearing C26 colon carcinoma. Interestingly, it was evidenced by a significant increase in the survival rate of C26 tumor-bearing mice accompanied by a significant increase in Hsp90 and Hsp27 protein levels in the tumors. These data were paralleled by a decrease in Hsp60 levels. The mushroom introduced in the diet induced the inhibition of the transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1 exerting an anti-inflammatory action. The eff…

Aerobic Exercise and Pharmacological Treatments Counteract Cachexia by Modulating Autophagy in Colon Cancer

Recent studies have correlated physical activity with a better prognosis in cachectic patients, although the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood. In order to identify the pathways involved in the physical activity-mediated rescue of skeletal muscle mass and function, we investigated the effects of voluntary exercise on cachexia in colon carcinoma (C26)-bearing mice. Voluntary exercise prevented loss of muscle mass and function, ultimately increasing survival of C26-bearing mice. We found that the autophagic flux is overloaded in skeletal muscle of both colon carcinoma murine models and patients, but not in running C26-bearing mice, thus suggesting that exercise may release the auto…

The Chaperone System in Salivary Glands: Hsp90 Prospects for Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Tumors

Salivary gland tumors represent a serious medical problem and new tools for differential diagnosis and patient monitoring are needed. Here, we present data and discuss the potential of molecular chaperones as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, focusing on Hsp10 and Hsp90. The salivary glands are key physiological elements but, unfortunately, the information and the means available for the management of their pathologies, including cancer, are scarce. Progress in the study of carcinogenesis has occurred on various fronts lately, one of which has been the identification of the chaperone system (CS) as a physiological system with presence in all cells and tissues (including the salivary gland…

Mild Aerobic Exercise Training Hardly Affects the Diaphragm ofmdxMice

In the mdx mice model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), mild endurance exercise training positively affected limb skeletal muscles, whereas few and controversial data exist on the effects of training on the diaphragm. The diaphragm was examined in mdx (C57BL/10ScSn-Dmdmdx) and wild-type (WT, C57BL/10ScSc) mice under sedentary conditions (mdx-SD, WT-SD) and during mild exercise training (mdx-EX, WT-EX). At baseline, and after 30 and 45 days (training: 5 d/wk for 6 weeks), diaphragm muscle morphology and Cx39 protein were assessed. In addition, tissue levels of the chaperonins Hsp60 and Hsp70 and the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) were measured in diaphragm, gastrocnemius, and q…

Immunomorphological Pattern of Molecular Chaperones in Normal and Pathological Thyroid Tissues and Circulating Exosomes: Potential Use in Clinics

The thyroid is a major component of the endocrine system and its pathology can cause serious diseases, e.g., papillary carcinoma (PC). However, the carcinogenic mechanisms are poorly understood and clinical useful biomarkers are scarce. Therefore, we determined if there are quantitative patterns of molecular chaperones in the tumor tissue and circulating exosomes that may be useful in diagnosis and provide clues on their participation in carcinogenesis. Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90 were quantified by immunohistochemistry in PC, benign goiter (BG), and normal peritumoral tissue (PT). The same chaperones were assessed in plasma exosomes from PC and BG patients before and after ablative surg…

Endurance Exercise and Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Supplementation Up-Regulate CYP17A1 and Stimulate Testosterone Biosynthesis

A new role for fat supplements, in particular conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), has been delineated in steroidogenesis, although the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. The aims of the present study were to identify the pathway stimulated by CLA supplementation using a cell culture model and to determine whether this same pathway is also stimulated in vivo by CLA supplementation associated with exercise. In vitro, Leydig tumour rat cells (R2C) supplemented with different concentrations of CLA exhibited increasing testosterone biosynthesis accompanied by increasing levels of CYP17A1 mRNA and protein. In vivo, trained mice showed an increase in free plasma testosterone…

La spalla del pallavolista: studio epidemiologico

HSP60 is a ubiquitous player in the physiological and pathogenic interactions between the chaperoning and the immune systems

HSP60 participates in many interactions between the system integrated by all chaperones and closely associated molecules (chaperoning system or CS) and the immune system (IS). These interactions occur constantly to maintain normal cell physiology but, occasionally, they are perturbed and become mediators of pathologic events that may lead to disease. This switch to pathology may be initiated by various factors, genetic or acquired, which cause qualitative and/or quantitative modifications of HSP60, or immune crossreactivity between the human and microbial chaperonin orthologs, or a break in the balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory actions of the chaperonin. Thus, autoimmune and ch…

Medial tunica degeneration of the ascending aortic wall is associated with specific microRNA changes in bicuspid aortic valve disease

Ascending aortic diameter is not an accurate parameter for surgical indication in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Thus, the present study aimed to identify specific microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and their expression levels in aortic wall aneurysm associated with BAV according to severity of medial degeneration and to elucidate the association between the tissue expression levels of the miRNAs with their expression in plasma. Aortic wall and blood specimens were obtained from 38 patients: 12 controls and 26 patients with BAV with ascending aortic aneurysm. Of the patients with BAV, 19 had cusp fusions of right and left, 5 of right and non-coronary, and 2 of left and non-coronary. Two gr…

MOESM1 of Histone macroH2A1.2 promotes metabolic health and leanness by inhibiting adipogenesis

Additional file 1.

Heat shock protein 70 and exercise: morphofunctional relationships

Silk fibroin scaffolds enhance cell commitment of adult rat cardiac progenitor cells

The use of three-dimensional (3D) cultures may induce cardiac progenitor cells to synthesize their own extracellular matrix (ECM) and sarcomeric proteins to initiate cardiac differentiation. 3D cultures grown on synthetic scaffolds may favour the implantation and survival of stem cells for cell therapy when pharmacological therapies are not efficient in curing cardiovascular diseases and when organ transplantation remains the only treatment able to rescue the patient's life. Silk fibroin-based scaffolds may be used to increase cell affinity to biomaterials and may be chemically modified to improve cell adhesion. In the present study, porous, partially orientated and electrospun nanometric n…

Quantitative patterns of Hsps in tubular adenoma compared with normal and tumor tissues reveal the value of Hsp10 and Hsp60 in early diagnosis of large bowel cancer

Large bowel carcinogenesis involves accumulation of genetic alterations leading to transformation of normal mucosa into dysplasia and, lastly, adenocarcinoma. It is pertinent to elucidate the molecular changes occurring in the pre-neoplastic lesions to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. Heat shock proteins (Hsps), many of which are molecular chaperones, are implicated in carcinogenesis, and their variations with tumor progression encourage their study as biomarkers. There are many reports on Hsps and cancer but none to our knowledge on their systematic quantification in pre-neoplastic lesions of the large bowel. We performed immunohistochemical determinations of Hsp10, Hsp60, Hsp70, …

MOESM5 of Histone macroH2A1.2 promotes metabolic health and leanness by inhibiting adipogenesis

Additional file 5. Figure S4. Gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes with lentiviral-mediates stable expression of GFP, macroH2A1.1-GFP and macroH2A1.2-GFP were induced to differentiate into mature adipocytes as in Fig. 6. At the 15th day of differentiation, RNA was extracted and processed for qPCR analyses with specific primers. Results were normalized to pre-differentiation gene levels. Values are represented as means (N = 3) ± S.E.M. *P

Hsp60 in Skeletal Muscle: From Molecular Anatomy to Pathophysiology

The chaperoning system of an organism is composed of the entire set of chaperones, co-chaperones, and chaperone co-factors and their interactors and receptors. Its functions pertain typically to protein homeostasis but also to many other activities inside and outside cells. In the skeletal muscle, with its multi-molecular structures rich in proteins and their continuous rearrangements, the chaperoning system plays a crucial role. However, little is known about the details of the workings of the chaperoning system in skeletal muscle development and during exercise and disease. Molecular chaperones are surely involved in muscle formation and maintenance under physiologic conditions and under …

Histone macroH2A1.2 promotes metabolic health and leanness by inhibiting adipogenesis

Background Obesity has tremendous impact on the health systems. Its epigenetic bases are unclear. MacroH2A1 is a variant of histone H2A, present in two alternatively exon-spliced isoforms macroH2A1.1 and macroH2A1.2, regulating cell plasticity and proliferation, during pluripotency and tumorigenesis. Their role in adipose tissue plasticity is unknown. Results Here, we show evidence that macroH2A1.1 protein levels in the visceral adipose tissue of obese humans positively correlate with BMI, while macroH2A1.2 is nearly absent. We thus introduced a constitutive GFP-tagged transgene for macroH2A1.2 in mice, and we characterized their metabolic health upon being fed a standard chow diet or a hig…

Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Associated With Endurance Exercise on Muscle Fibres and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator 1 α Isoforms

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to improve muscle hypertrophy, steroidogenesis, physical activity, and endurance capacity in mice, although the molecular mechanisms of its actions are not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to identify whether CLA alters the expression of any of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) isoforms, and to evaluate the possible existence of fibre-type-specific hypertrophy in the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles. Mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: placebo sedentary, CLA sedentary, placebo trained, or CLA trained. The CLA groups were gavaged with 35 μl per day of Tonalin® FFA 8…

Fasting-mimicking diet prevents high-fat diet effect on cardiometabolic risk and lifespan

Diet-induced obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here, we show that a 5-d fasting-mimicking diet (FMD), administered every 4 weeks for a period of 2 years, ameliorates the detrimental changes caused by consumption of a high-fat, high-calorie diet (HFCD) in female mice. We demonstrate that monthly FMD cycles inhibit HFCD-mediated obesity by reducing the accumulation of visceral and subcutaneous fat without causing loss of lean body mass. FMD cycles increase cardiac vascularity and function and resistance to cardiotoxins, prevent HFCD-dependent hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and hyperleptinaemia and ameliorate impaired glucose and…

Minivolley and motor skills: an exeperimental study

A single bout of endurance exercise induces αB-crystallin (CRYAB) modulation in cardiac muscle as it happens in oxidative skeletal muscle fibers

CRYAB is a small Heat Shock Protein, expressed in various tissues such as skeletal and cardiac muscles, activated as phosphorylated CRYAB (pCRYAB) and involved in several pathophysiological processes. In mammals there are no reports to date on CRYAB activation following an acute endurance exercise, so the aim of my study was to explore in mouse cardiac tissue the pCRYAB levels as effect of this exercise at 0’, 15’ and 120’ of recovery. H2O2 - treated HL-1 cardiomyocytes have been utilized as in vitro model to identify the underlying molecular mechanism/s. Both in vivo and in vitro models showed no changes in CRYAB protein expression level but its phosphorylation state was significantly incr…

Function and Fiber-Type Specific Distribution of Hsp60 and αB-Crystallin in Skeletal Muscles: Role of Physical Exercise

Simple Summary Skeletal muscle represents about 40% of the body mass in humans and it is a copious and plastic tissue, rich in proteins that are subject to continuous rearrangements. Physical exercise is considered a physiological stressor for different organs, in particular for skeletal muscle, and it is a factor able to stimulate the cellular remodeling processes related to the phenomenon of adaptation. All cells respond to various stress conditions by up-regulating the expression and/or activation of a group of proteins called heat shock proteins (HSPs). Although their expression is induced by several stimuli, they are commonly recognized as HSPs due to the first experiments showing thei…

Skeletal muscle Heat shock protein 60 increases after endurance training and induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 α1 expression

AbstractHeat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is a chaperone localizing in skeletal muscle mitochondria, whose role is poorly understood. In the present study, the levels of Hsp60 in fibres of the entire posterior group of hindlimb muscles (gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris) were evaluated in mice after completing a 6-week endurance training program. The correlation between Hsp60 levels and the expression of four isoforms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) were investigated only in soleus. Short-term overexpression of hsp60, achieved by in vitro plasmid transfection, was then performed to determine whether this chaperone could have a role in the activa…

Effects of Pleurotus eryngii var. eryngii in "in vitro" and "in vivo" cancerogenetic models

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are highly expressed in a variety of cancer types contributing to tumor cell propagation and protection against apoptosis [1]. The current anti-cancer therapy is not always target specific and often is associated with complications for patients, Therefore new effective, specific and less toxic therapeutic approaches are needed. Medicinal mushrooms have emerged as wonderful source of nutraceuticals, anti-oxidants, anticancer, prebiotic, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, anti-microbial, and anti-diabetic. The ongoing research projects are aimed to promote mushrooms as new generation ‘‘biotherapeutics’’[2]. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the cold-wate…

Analisi dei fattori di prevenzione del Jumper’s Knee nella pallavolo

Heat stroke risk for open-water swimmers during long-distance events.

Open-water swimming is a rapidly growing sport discipline worldwide, and clinical problems associated with long-distance swimming are now better recognized and managed more effectively. The most prevalent medical risk associated with an open-water swimming event is hypothermia; therefore, the Federation Internationale De Natation (FINA) has instituted 2 rules to reduce this occurrence related to the minimum water temperature and the time taken to complete the race. Another medical risk that is relevant to open-water swimmers is heat stroke, a condition that can easily go unnoticed. The purpose of this review is to shed light on this physiological phenomenon by examining the physiological re…

αB-crystallin response to a pro-oxidant non-cytotoxic environment in murine cardiac cells: An "in vitro" and "in vivo" study.

The αB-crystallin (HSPB5) protein is modulated in response to a wide variety of stressors generated by multiple physio-pathological conditions, sustained by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In cardiac muscle tissue, this protein regulates various cellular processes, such as protein degradation, apoptosis and the stabilization of cytoskeletal elements. In this work, we studied the role of HSPB5 expression, activation and localization in HL-1 murine cardiomyocytes exposed to pro-oxidant and non-cytotoxic H2O2 concentration, as well as in cardiac tissue isolated from mice following an acute, non-damaging endurance exercise. Our results demonstrated that HSPB5 is the most abundant HSP …