Culture beats gender? The importance of controlling for identity- and parenting-related risk factors in adolescent psychopathology.

This study analyzed the unique effects of gender and culture on psychopathology in adolescents from seven countries after controlling for factors which might have contributed to variations in psychopathology. In a sample 2259 adolescents (M = 15 years; 54% female) from France, Germany, Turkey, Greece, Peru, Pakistan, and Poland identity stress, coping with identity stress, maternal parenting (support, psychological control, anxious rearing) and psychopathology (internalizing, externalizing and total symptomatology) were assessed. Due to variations in stress perception, coping style and maternal behavior, these covariates were partialed out before the psychopathology scores were subjected to…

Factors Contributing to Different Agency in Work and Study

Most young adults today are following longer educational tracks and postpone entrance into the workforce. This 2-year study aimed to determine factors contributing to occupational self-efficacy in a representative sample of n = 1,891 young adults ( M = 23.92, SD = 2.17 years) with different work statuses (studying, in an apprenticeship, employed, or unemployed). Occupational identity, perceived work quality, the ability to cope with work stress, and symptomatology were assessed. Path analyses revealed that work status was the most important predictor of later occupational self-efficacy, with employment showing the strongest prediction of later agency in the professional domain. Ruminative e…

Synergy of features enables detection of texture defined figures

Traditional theories of early visual processing suggest that elementary visual features are handled in parallel by independent neural pathways. We studied the interaction of orientation and spatial frequency in the discrimination of Gabor random fields. Target textures differed from reference textures either in mean feature value, showing an edge-like transition between both textures (edge defined), or in the degree of feature homogeneity with smooth transitions (region defined). Irrespective of the kind of texture definition, we found strong cue summation for targets defined by both cues simultaneously, provided two conditions were fulfilled. First, they were barely discriminable when defi…

Effects of Spatial Frequency Similarity and Dissimilarity on Contour Integration.

We examined the effects of spatial frequency similarity and dissimilarity on human contour integration under various conditions of uncertainty. Participants performed a temporal 2AFC contour detection task. Spatial frequency jitter up to 3.0 octaves was applied either to background elements, or to contour and background elements, or to none of both. Results converge on four major findings. (1) Contours defined by spatial frequency similarity alone are only scarcely visible, suggesting the absence of specialized cortical routines for shape detection based on spatial frequency similarity. (2) When orientation collinearity and spatial frequency similarity are combined along a contour, performa…

The time course of face matching for featural and relational image manipulations

It was found recently that horizontal and vertical relationships of facial features are differently vulnerable to inversion (Goffaux & Rossion, 2007). When faces are upside down manipulations of vertical relations are difficult to detect, while only moderate performance deficits are found for manipulations of horizontal relations, or when features differ. We replicate the findings of Goffaux and Rossion, and record the temporal courses of face matching performance and the effects of inversion. For vertical relations and featural changes inversion effects arise immediately, starting with the first 50 ms of processing. For horizontal relations inversion effects are absent at brief timings, bu…

Holistic processing and reliance on global viewing strategies in older adults' face perception

There is increasing evidence that face recognition might be impaired in older adults, but it is unclear whether the impairment is truly perceptual, and face specific. In order to address this question we compared performance in same/different matching tasks with face and non-face objects (watches) among young (mean age 23.7) and older adults (mean age 70.4) using a context congruency paradigm (Meinhardt-Injac, Persike & Meinhardt, 2010, Meinhardt-Injac, Persike and Meinhardt, 2011a). Older adults were less accurate than young adults with both object classes, while face matching was notably impaired. Effects of context congruency and inversion, measured as the hallmarks of holistic processin…

The preview benefit for familiar and unfamiliar faces

Abstract Previewing distracters improves visual search – the preview benefit ( Watson & Humphreys, 1997 ). Recent fMRI evidence suggests that the preview benefit rests on active inhibition in brain regions concerned with spatial memory, as well as in content selective areas ( Allen, Humphreys, & Matthews, 2008 ). Using familiar and unfamiliar faces in a preview search task we show that search performance is much better with familiar than with unfamiliar faces. With both types of stimuli we obtained preview benefits of at least 10%, measured in terms of the advantage in reaction time relative to the no preview condition. The preview benefit increased up to 30% when distracter faces and their…

Development of visual systems for faces and objects: further evidence for prolonged development of the face system.

Background The development of face and object processing has attracted much attention; however, studies that directly compare processing of both visual categories across age are rare. In the present study, we compared the developmental trajectories of face and object processing in younger children (8–10 years), older children (11–13 years), adolescents (14–16 years), and adults (20–37). Methodology/Principal Findings We used a congruency paradigm in which subjects compared the internal features of two stimuli, while the (unattended) external features either agreed or disagreed independent of the identity of the internal features. We found a continuous increase in matching accuracy for faces…

Recognition of briefly presented familiar and unfamiliar faces

Early processing stages in the perception of familiar and unfamiliar faces were studied in four experiments by varying the type of available facial information in a four alternative forced choice recognition task. Both reaction time and recognition accuracy served as dependent measures. The observed data revealed an asymmetry in processing familiar and unfamiliar faces. A markedly weak inversion effect and strong blurring effect suggest a limited usage of spatial relations within early processing stages of unfamiliar faces. Recognition performance for whole familiar faces did not deteriorate due to blurring or the presentation of isolated internal features, suggesting a low level of represe…

A Slippery Slope: Estimated Slant of Hills Increases with Distance

The slopes of hills tend to be greatly overestimated. Previous studies have found that slope estimates are significantly greater when estimated verbally than with a proprioceptive measure. It has yet to be determined whether these estimates are made for the entire extent of the slope, or whether the estimates in closest proximity are estimated using a different process. Since some parietal cortex neurons respond differently to objects within arm's reach, short-distance slope estimation may utilize these or analogous neurons. Alternatively, greater implied effort might make longer slopes seem steeper. We determined that both verbal and proprioceptive reports of slope are overestimates that …

The time course of face matching by internal and external features: Effects of context and inversion.

AbstractEffects of context and inversion were studied in face matching tasks by measuring proportion correct as a function of exposure duration. Subjects were instructed to attend either internal features (task A) or external features (task B) and matched two consecutive face stimuli, which included either congruent, incongruent, or no facial context features. In congruent contexts matching performance rose fast and took very similar courses for both types of facial features. With no contexts internal and external features were found to be matched at an equal speed, while incongruent contexts seriously delayed matching performance for internal, but not for external features. Analysing the e…

Differences in agency? How adolescents from 18 countries perceive and cope with their futures

This study investigated how N = 5,126 adolescents (mean age of 15 years) from 18 countries perceive and cope with future- and school-related stress. The adolescents completed the Problem Questionnaire (PQ), which assesses stress, and the Coping Across Situations Questionnaire (CASQ), which assesses three coping styles (reflection/support-seeking, emotional outlet, and withdrawal/denial). Across countries, adolescents reported considerably higher levels of future-related stress than school-related stress. The adolescents actively coped with stressors in both domains and seldom relied on emotional outlet or withdrawal/denial. A clustering of the countries according to socioeconomic criteria …

Stress with parents and peers: how adolescents from 18 nations cope with relationship stress.

We investigated how adolescents from five regions around the world perceived and coped with parent- and peer-related stress.The study comprised N = 4957 adolescents (mean age of 15.2 years) from 18 countries.The study used self-report measures for stress perception and coping style.Across countries, adolescents perceived parent-related stress to be considerably greater than peer-related stress. They coped less actively with parent-related stress than with peer-related stress. Significant differences emerged with respect to geographic region and key demographic indicators. Adolescents from Eastern European and Western countries had generally quite low levels of stress. Adolescents from South…

Stress With Parents and Peers: How Adolescents From Six Nations Cope With Relationship Stress

This study investigated how 2000 adolescents from middle-class families in six countries perceived and coped with parent-related and peer-related stress. Adolescents from Costa Rica, Korea, and Turkey perceived parent-related stress to be greater than peer-related stress, whereas stress levels in both relationship types were similar in the Czech Republic, Germany, and Pakistan. Female adolescents predominantly reported higher levels of peer-related stress than male adolescents. Adolescents in all countries used negotiating and support-seeking to cope with relationship stress more often than emotional outlet or withdrawal. Withdrawal occurred more often to deal with parent-related than with …

From development to aging: Holistic face perception in children, younger and older adults.

Few published reports examine the development of holistic face processing across the lifespan such that face-specific processes are adequately differentiated from general developmental effects. To address this gap in the literature, we used the complete design of the composite paradigm (Richler & Gauthier, 2014) with faces and non-face control objects (watches) to investigate holistic processing in children (8-10years), young adults (20-32years) and older adults (65-78years). Several modifications to past research designs were introduced to improve the ability to draw conclusions about the development of holistic processing in terms of face-specificity, response bias, and age-related differ…

Integration of internal and external facial features in 8- to 10-year-old children and adults.

Abstract Investigation of whole-part and composite effects in 4- to 6-year-old children gave rise to claims that face perception is fully mature within the first decade of life (Crookes & McKone, 2009). However, only internal features were tested, and the role of external features was not addressed, although external features are highly relevant for holistic face perception (Sinha & Poggio, 1996; Axelrod & Yovel, 2010, 2011). In this study, 8- to 10-year-old children and adults performed a same–different matching task with faces and watches. In this task participants attended to either internal or external features. Holistic face perception was tested using a congruency paradigm, in which f…

The Two-Systems Account of Theory of Mind: Testing the Links to Social- Perceptual and Cognitive Abilities

According to the two-systems account of theory of mind (ToM), understanding mental states of others involves both fast social-perceptual processes, as well as slower, reflexive cognitive operations (Frith and Frith, 2008; Apperly and Butterfill, 2009). To test the respective roles of specific abilities in either of these processes we administered 15 experimental procedures to a large sample of 343 participants, testing ability in face recognition and holistic perception, language, and reasoning. ToM was measured by a set of tasks requiring ability to track and to infer complex emotional and mental states of others from faces, eyes, spoken language, and prosody. We used structural equation m…

Contour integration with corners.

Contour integration refers to the ability of the visual system to bind disjoint local elements into coherent global shapes. In cluttered images containing randomly oriented elements a contour becomes salient when its elements are coaligned with a smooth global trajectory, as described by the Gestalt law of good continuation. Abrupt changes of curvature strongly diminish contour salience. Here we show that by inserting local corner elements at points of angular discontinuity, a jagged contour becomes as salient as a straight one. We report results from detection experiments for contours with and without corner elements which indicate their psychophysical equivalence. This presents a challeng…

Auditory Distraction by Meaningless Irrelevant Speech: A Developmental Study

Summary The irrelevant sound effect (ISE) typically refers to a disruptive effect of a to-be-ignored sound in serial recall tasks, where lists of visually presented items (digits and letters) must be recalled in serial order. Although extensively studied in adults, studies on developmental aspects of the ISE are scarce. The present study aims to increase our understanding of developmental changes of auditory distraction in children beyond serial recall. Two tasks (i.e., word categorization and evaluation of simple mathematical equations) were designed to test retrieval from semantic memory. Proportion correct and reaction times (adjusted for speed–accuracy tradeoff) were measured in 8–9 and…

The effect of texture on face identification and configural information processing

Shape and texture are an integral part of face identity. In the present study, the importance of face texture for face identification and detection of configural manipulation (i.e., spatial relation among facial features) was examined by comparing grayscale face photographs (i.e., real faces) and line drawings of the same faces. Whereas real faces provide information about texture and shape of faces, line drawings are lacking texture cues. A change-detection task and a forced-choice identification task were used with both stimuli categories. Within the change detection task, participants had to decide whether the size of the eyes of two sequentially presented faces had changed or not. After…

Is stress perceived differently in relationships with parents and peers? Inter‐ and intra‐regional comparisons on adolescents from 21 nations

This study investigated how adolescents (mean age of 15 years) from 21 countries perceived parent- and peer-related stress. Across countries, adolescents perceived parent-related stress at considerably greater levels than peer-related stress. Adolescents assigned to six geographical regions differed significantly in overall stress levels as well as in the disparity between perceived stress levels in the parent and peer domain. Regional comparisons revealed that adolescents from Southern Europe exhibited the highest levels of parent-related stress, followed by adolescents from Latin America, the Middle East, and Asia. The stress levels of adolescents from Central European and North American …

Age-related changes in amplitude, latency and specialization of ERP responses to faces and watches

Healthy aging is associated with impairments in face recognition. While earlier research suggests that these impairments arise during memory retrieval, more recent findings suggest that earlier mechanisms, at the perceptual stage, may also be at play. However, results are often inconsistent and very few studies have included a non-face control stimulus to facilitate interpretation of results with respect to the implication of specialized face mechanisms vs. general cognitive factors. To address these issues, P100, N170 and P200 event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured during processing of faces and watches. For faces, age-related differences were found for P100, N170 and P200 ERPs. For…

On Response Bias in the Face Congruency Effect for Internal and External Features

Some years ago Cheung et al. (2008) proposed the complete design (CD) for measuring the failure of selective attention in composite objects. Since the CD is a fully balanced design, analysis of response bias may reveal potential effects of the experimental manipulation, the stimulus material, and/or attributes of the observers. Here we used the CD to prove whether external features modulate perception of internal features with the context congruency paradigm (Nachson et al., 1995; Meinhardt-Injac et al., 2010) in a larger sample of N = 303 subjects. We found a large congruency effect (Cohen's d = 1.78), which was attenuated by face inversion (d = 1.32). The congruency relation also strongly…

Videos in der Lehre: Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen

Lernvideos zahlen zu den wichtigsten digitalen Medien in der Hochschullehre. Kein anderes multimediales Format ist so unkompliziert herzustellen und zu publizieren wie das Lernvideo. Uberdies ist keines so gut wissenschaftlich untersucht. Dieses Kapitel nimmt zunachst eine Begriffsbestimmung der verschiedenen Videoformate fur die Lehre vor, beginnend bei der Vorlesungsaufzeichnung bis zum 360° Virtual Reality Video. Anschliesend wird der typische Produktionsprozess eines Lernvideos beschrieben, Herausforderungen identifiziert und Losungen benannt. Nach der Vorstellung verschiedener Einsatzmoglichkeiten in Prasenzveranstaltungen, Blended Learning Szenarien und kollaborativen Lernformaten wir…

Encoding of faces and objects into visual working memory: an event-related brain potential study.

Visual working memory (VWM) is an important prerequisite for cognitive functions, but little is known on whether the general perceptual processing advantage for faces also applies to VWM processes. The aim of the present study was (a) to test whether there is a general advantage for face stimuli in VWM and (b) to unravel whether this advantage is related to early sensory processing stages. To address these questions, we compared encoding of faces and complex nonfacial objects into VWM within a combined behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) study. In detail, we tested whether the N170 ERP component - which is associated with face-specific holistic processing - is affected by mem…

Developmental changes in the microgenesis of face perception revealed by effects of context and inversion

AbstractPresent studies on the development of face perception mechanisms are ambiguous about the question of whether holistic face vision arises early, or in the second decade of life (Crookes & McKone, 2009). Measuring the time course of face matching we assess effects of context and inversion as correlates of holistic processing in the microgenesis of face perception within the first 650ms, and compare among 8- to 10-year-old children and adults. Results for adults indicate dominance of holistic viewing at brief timings, which is gradually replaced by feature selective strategies enabling them to selectively attend either internal or external features, as demanded by instruction. For chil…

Denn sie wissen, was sie tun: Blended Learning in Großveranstaltungen

Wer derzeit uber moderne Hochschullehre nachdenkt, kommt am Begriff Blended Learning nicht vorbei. Die darunter gefassten Lernszenarien erganzen und ersetzen Schritt fur Schritt die klassischen Lehrformate an Hochschulen. Gleichzeitig entstehen viele der typischen Herausforderungen ausgerechnet fur diejenige Veranstaltungsform, bei der Blended Learning die hochste Veranderungsdynamik verspricht: der Lehrveranstaltung mit grosen Studierendengruppen. Dieses Kapitel beleuchtet zunachst die Bedeutung verschiedener digitaler Lernmedienformate fur das Online-Studium. Es widmet sich danach ausfuhrlich sowohl der Sicherung studentischer Vorbereitung wahrend des Selbststudiums als auch der bestmogli…

Recanalization Therapies in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Impact of Prior Treatment With Novel Oral Anticoagulants on Bleeding Complications and Outcome A Pilot Study

Background— We explored the safety of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) or intra-arterial treatment (IAT) in patients with ischemic stroke on non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs, last intake <48 hours) in comparison with patients (1) taking vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or (2) without previous anticoagulation (no-OAC). Methods and Results— This is a multicenter cohort pilot study. Primary outcome measures were (1) occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in 3 categories: any ICH (ICH any ), symptomatic ICH according to the criteria of the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II (ECASS-II) (sICH ECASS-II ) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke …

Gendered pathways to young adult symptomatology

The transition to adulthood is a critical juncture in the course of psychopathology. This study examined the ways in which earlier capacity to deal with relationship stress during adolescence contributed to an adaptive outcome in emerging adulthood. In a prospective study of 145 individuals, relationship stress, individual coping capacities, and perceived support from fathers, mothers, and peers were analyzed, when the participants were 13 and 17 years old. The effects of these earlier capacities to deal with relationship stress on health outcomes were examined in young adulthood (age 23). Gendered pathways to young adults’ symptomatology emerged. Females experiencing earlier relationship …

Clinical bias in holistic face perception

Orientation-invariance of individual differences in three face processing tasks

Numerous studies have reported impairments in perception and recognition, and, particularly, in part-integration of faces following picture-plane inversion. Whether these findings support the notion that inversion changes face processing qualitatively remains a topic of debate. To examine whether associations and dissociations of the human face processing ability depend on stimulus orientation, we measured face recognition with the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT), along with experimental tests of face perception and selective attention to faces and non-face objects in a sample of 314 participants. Results showed strong inversion effects for all face-related tasks, and modest ones for non-…

Therapeutenbegleitete und patientengeleitete Exposition bei Panikstörung mit Agoraphobie

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Exposition gilt als hoch wirksames Therapieelement in der Behandlung der Panikstörung mit Agoraphobie. Es ist jedoch weitgehend unklar, wie häufig und mit welchen Effekten verschiedene Modalitäten der Exposition (therapeutenbegleitet vs. patientengeleitet) in der Routineversorgung durchgeführt werden. Fragestellung: Es sollen Häufigkeit und Wirksamkeit der verschiedenen Durchführungsmodalitäten von Exposition in der Routinebehandlung der Panikstörung mit Agoraphobie untersucht werden. Methode: Bei N = 93 konsekutiven Patienten einer Hochschulambulanz mit der Hauptdiagnose Panikstörung mit Agoraphobie wurden Prä-Post-Veränderungen der Angstsym…

External and internal facial features modulate processing of vertical but not horizontal spatial relations.

Some years ago an asymmetry was reported for the inversion effect for horizontal (H) and vertical (V) relational face manipulations (Goffaux & Rossion, 2007). Subsequent research examined whether a specific disruption of long-range relations underlies the H/V inversion asymmetry (Sekunova & Barton, 2008). Here, we tested how detection of changes in interocular distance (H) and eye height (V) depends on cardinal internal features and external feature surround. Results replicated the H/V inversion asymmetry. Moreover, we found very different face cue dependencies for both change types. Performance and inversion effects did not depend on the presence of other face cues for detecting H changes.…

A new angle on contour integration: The role of corners

26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 2

International audience; No abstract available

Holistic face processing is induced by shape and texture.

There is increasing evidence that shape and texture are integral parts of face identity. However, it is less clear whether face-specific processing mechanisms are triggered by face shape alone, or if texture might play an important role. We address this question by studying mechanisms involved in holistic face processing. Face stimuli were either full-color pictures of real faces (shape and texture) or line drawings of the same faces (shape without texture). In a change detection task subjects judged whether eyes and eyebrows in two otherwise identical, sequentially presented faces were different in size or not. Afterwards, subjects had to identify the just presented face among two distrac…

Blended Learning als Spielfeld für Learning Analytics und Educational Data Mining

Der Einsatz digitaler Lernformate im Blended Learning bietet demnach Chancen in mindestens zwei Bereichen. Zum einen konnen digitale Lernformate direkt die Lernprozesse von Studierenden gunstig beeinflussen, ihre Leistungen verbessern und zudem positive Effekte auf vielen weiteren Ebenen wie der Motivation oder des Selbstkonzeptes bewirken. Zum anderen generieren digitale Lernformate eine Fulle von Daten in vielfaltiger Gestalt. Studierende erzeugen bei der Arbeit mit digitalen Werkzeugen Nutzungsdaten, wie Verweildauern und Aktivitatsprofile, sie produzieren Leistungsdaten aus digitalen Aufgaben, sie hinterlassen Textbeitrage in Foren und Chats. All diese Daten konnen genutzt werden, um mi…

Emerging Adults’ Psychopathology in Seven Countries: The Impact of Identity-Related Risk Factors

The impact of identity-related risk factors on psychopathology was analyzed in 2,113 emerging adults (M = 22.0 years; 66% female) from France, Germany, Turkey, Greece, Peru, Pakistan, and Poland. Identity stress, coping with identity stress, maternal parenting (support, psychological control, and anxious rearing), and psychopathology (internalizing, externalizing, and total symptomatology) were assessed. After partialing out the influence of stress, coping, and perceived maternal behavior, country did no longer exert a significant effect on symptom scores. The effect for gender remained, as did an interaction between country and gender. Rather unexpected, on average, males reported higher i…

Object Localization Does Not Imply Awareness of Object Category at the Break of Continuous Flash Suppression

In continuous flash suppression (CFS), a dynamic noise masker, presented to one eye, suppresses conscious perception of a test stimulus, presented to the other eye, until the suppressed stimulus comes to awareness after few seconds. But what do we see breaking the dominance of the masker in the transition period? We addressed this question with a dual-task in which observers indicated (i) whether the test object was left or right of the fixation mark (localization) and (ii) whether it was a face or a house (categorization). As done recently Stein et al. (2011a), we used two experimental varieties to rule out confounds with decisional strategy. In the terminated mode, stimulus and masker wer…

The context effect in face matching: Effects of feedback.

AbstractFaces are perceived holistically, even when they are presented briefly (Hole, 1994; Richler, Mack, et al., 2009). Results obtained with a context congruency paradigm support dominance of holistic processing for brief timings, but indicate that larger viewing times enable observers to regulate contextual influences, and to use a feature selective focus (Meinhardt-Injac, Persike, & Meinhardt, 2010). Here we provide further evidence for this claim, and illuminate the role of feedback. With trial by trial feedback observers show poor performance in incongruent facial contexts at brief timings, but become quite effective in suppressing information that interferes with the correct judgeme…

Age differences in the irrelevant sound effect: A serial recognition paradigm

In adults, the disrupting effect of irrelevant background sounds with distinct temporalspectral variations (changing-state sounds) on short-term memory performance was found to be robust. In the present study, a verbal serial recognition task was used to investigate this so-called Irrelevant Sound Effect (ISE) in adults and 8- to 10-year-old children. An essential part of the short-term memory impairment during changing-state speech is due to interference processes (changing-state effect) which can be differentiated from the deviation effect of auditory distraction. In line with recent findings (Hughes et al., 2013), our study demonstrates that the changing-state effect is not modulated by …

Gendered pathways to romantic attachment in emerging adults: The role of body image and parental support

This study analyses the impact of body image and perceived parental behaviour (support and negativity) as factors that contribute to romantic attachment in emerging adulthood. In a 11-year longitudinal study on 144 females and 114 males, we assessed body image, body mass index, and perceived father's and mother's support and negativity during adolescence (at ages 14 and 17) and in emerging adulthood (age 21). At the age of 25, romantic attachment was assessed. Results of path analyses revealed that females' positive body image was consistently linked with greater parental support over time and contributed to low avoidance in romance at the age of 25, whereas perceived negativity with father…

Cue combination in a combined feature contrast detection and figure identification task

AbstractTarget figures defined by feature contrast in spatial frequency, orientation or both cues had to be detected in Gabor random fields and their shape had to be identified in a dual task paradigm. Performance improved with increasing feature contrast and was strongly correlated among both tasks. Subjects performed significantly better with combined cues than with single cues. The improvement due to cue summation was stronger than predicted by the assumption of independent feature specific mechanisms, and increased with the performance level achieved with single cues until it was limited by ceiling effects. Further, cue summation was also strongly correlated among tasks: when there was …

The contribution of colour and spatial frequency cues to contour integration

Data from: Orientation-invariance of individual differences in three face processing tasks

Numerous studies have reported impairments in perception and recognition, and, particularly, in part-integration of faces following picture-plane inversion. Whether these findings support the notion that inversion changes face processing qualitatively remains a topic of debate. To examine whether associations and dissociations of the human face processing ability depend on stimulus orientation, we measured face recognition with the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT), along with experimental tests of face perception and selective attention to faces and non-face objects in a sample of 314 participants. Results showed strong inversion effects for all face-related tasks, and modest ones for non-…