Enterprise Architecture in Hospitals: Resolving Incongruence Issues

Re-Infrastructuring for eHealth: Dealing with Turns in Infrastructure Development

In this paper, we examine infrastructuring in the context of developing national, public eHealth services in Norway. Specifically, we analyze the work of a project team engaged in the design and development of new web-based capabilities for communication between citizens and primary healthcare practitioners. We frame the case as a study of re-infrastructuring to signify a particular occasion of infrastructuring that entails facilitating a new logic within established social and technological networks. To make sense of the particularities of re-infrastructuring, we draw from research in infrastructure studies which considers embeddedness as a resource in infrastructure evolution. We analyze …

Early Warning Systems in a Digitalisation Era: Key Characteristics and Directions for Future Research

Developing human/AI interactions for chat-based customer services: lessons learned from the Norwegian government

Advancements in human/AI interactions led to smartification of public services via the use of chatbots. Here, we present findings from a clinical inquiry research project in a key public service organisation in Norway. In this project, researchers and practitioners worked together to generate insights on the action possibilities offered to human service agents by chatbots and the potential for creating hybrid human/AI service teams. The project sensitised service agents to discover affordances based on their actual practices, rather than on the predefined use of chatbots. The different affordances identified can be useful for practitioners who design and deploy chatbot-based services. The a…

Implementing cloud ERP solutions: a review of sociotechnical concerns

Abstract Cloud ERP solutions allow organizations of all sizes to support and coordinate key business processes by leveraging virtualization. Nevertheless, the implementation of cloud ERPs is not straightforward and there are significant issues that need to be taken into account when launching cloud ERP initiatives. To explore these issues, we conducted an in-depth systematic review of related research literature. We identified six key issues related to cloud ERP implementation: a) functionality fit, b) integration, c) data migration, d) organizational change, e) data security, and f) reliability. Furthermore, we mapped these issues to the different sizes of organizations. Based on this revi…

SJIS Mission : Topical areas and research approaches

A Lens for Evaluating Genetic Information Governance Models: Balancing Equity, Efficiency and Sustainability

This paper draws from the literature on collective action and the governance of the commons to address the governance of genetic data on variants of specific genes. Specifically, the data arrangements under study relate to the BRCA genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) which are linked to breast and ovarian cancer. These data are stored in global genetic data repositories and accessed by researchers and clinicians, from both public and private institutions. The current BRCA data arrangements are fragmented and politicized as there are multiple tensions around data ownership and sharing. Three key principles are proposed for forming and evaluating data governance arrangements in the field. These principle…

Knowledge Management towards a digitalization era: systematic review of past research and future directions

This paper presents a systematic analysis of knowledge management (KM) research spanning the last four decades. The analysis is tracing the research paradigms, the theoretical premises and the objects of study of extant research building on the accomplishments of the past to map the key dimensions of KM as a research domain. Furthermore, a number of directions for future research are identified. The review provides a conceptual basis for synthesizing and extending KM research. During the past four decades, KM matured as a domain and its popularity increased for both academics and practitioners. The interest in KM is fueled by digitalization and the turn to a knowledge economy. The systemati…

Information Security Practices in Organizations: A Literature Review on Challenges and Related Measures

This paper reports a systematic literature review that explores challenges related to information security practices in organizations and the ways these challenges are managed to avoid security breaches. We focused on empirical evidence from extant research studies and identified four general challenges re-lated to: (1) security rules and procedures, (2) individual and personal risks, (3) culture and security awareness, and (4) organizational and power relations. To manage these risks, nine measures were prominent in the selected studies. Training and organizational collaboration across the hierarchical levels were widely used to enhance the security culture. In addition, awareness campaign…

Introduction

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Digital Inequalities: A Review of Contributing Factors and Measures for Crossing the Divide

Part 8: Digital Divide and Social Inclusion; International audience; This literature review focuses on the digital divide in contemporary technologically and economically advanced societies. Prior research shows that the digital divide entails more than physical accessibility and points to issues of technology acceptance and actual use. Recurring digital divide factors outside socioeconomic characteristics were identified in the articles reviewed. These factors relate to personality traits, motivation and digital skills. The factors can be used as the basis for a personality model for understanding acceptance and use of technology complementing models related to economic and social resource…

ERP Systems in Multinational Enterprises: A literature Review of Post-implementation Challenges

Abstract This paper reports on a literature review focusing on challenges during post-implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in a multinational context. Through an extensive literature search across multiple databases, we identified 20 articles which address issues in this context. Global demands prove to be a key challenge and source of conflict between parent and subsidiary companies: frequently, parent companies seek control through standardized solutions, while local subsidiaries aim to sustain local processes and routines. The primary focus is to shed light on these contradictive objectives unfolding in this context and identify research areas that need more atten…

Enterprise architecture operationalization and institutional pluralism: The case of the Norwegian Hospital sector

Enterprise architecture (EA) is a systematic way of designing, planning, and implementing process and technology changes to address the complexity of information system (IS) landscapes. EA is operationalized when architecture visions move towards realization through concrete projects. We report a case study on the dynamics of operationalizing EA in the Norwegian hospital sector by exploring different EA project trajectories. Our empirical context is an institutionally pluralistic setting where multiple logics coexist. We show that the distinct logic of EA is added to the institutional context and we find that tensions among existing medical, technical, and managerial logics and EA principle…

Moving enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems to the cloud: the challenge of infrastructural embeddedness

Cloud enterprise resource planning (ERP) solutions allow organizations to support and coordinate key business processes by leveraging virtualization. Nevertheless, moving ERPs to the cloud is not straightforward, and organizational cloud ERP initiatives raise multiple concerns. We conducted an in-depth systematic review of relevant research literature and identified six key concerns related to cloud ERP implementation: a) the introduction of new ERP work arrangements, b) the migration of legacy data, c) the assurance of compliance with extant rules and regulations for security, d) the continuous alignment between ERP functionality and business processes, e) the ongoing integration between E…

Information Infrastructures and the Challenge of the Installed Base

In this chapter we present the theoretical perspective of information infrastructures, which is used to analyze the empirical cases in the book. In this perspective, information technology is seen as intimately intertwined with organizational structures, procedures and work practices, and as an underlying, supporting and often invisible infrastructure. Information infrastructures are not only local, but shared among distributed actors which can have multiple and different needs and interests. Understanding the complexities and mechanisms involved in the evolution of information infrastructures is at the core of this perspective which challenges traditional management approaches. Instead of …

Information Infrastructures for eHealth

This chapter provides an introductory overview of healthcare information systems, followed by a more detailed discussion on two types of core components in a public eHealth infrastructure: e-prescription solutions and governmental patient-oriented platforms. E-prescription solutions support the electronic flow of information for prescribed medications between prescribers, pharmacies and insurers that handle related payments. E-prescription solutions aim for cost containment, enhancement of patient safety, control over doctors’ prescription patterns and process quality assurance. Governmental platforms for patient- or citizen-oriented eHealth services typically offer patients access to gener…

POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEMS: MANAGERIAL AND ARCHITECTURAL ARRANGEMENTS

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Employee Information Security Practices: A Framework and Research Agenda

Author's accepted manuscript Employee information security practices are pivotal to prevent, detect, and respond to security incidents. This paper synthesizes insights from research on challenges related to employee information security practices and measures to address them. The challenges identified are associated to idiosyncratic aspects of communities and individuals within organizations (culture and personal characteristics) and to systemic aspects of organizations (procedural and structural arrangements). The measures identified aim to enhance systemic capabilities and to adapt security mechanisms to the idiosyncratic characteristics and are categorized as: (a) measures of training an…

Friction forces and patient-centredness: Understanding how established logics endure during infrastructure transformation

n this article, we examine three cases of e-health solutions for patients in Norway. For the analysis of the three cases, we focused on friction forces that come into play when different established arrangements need to change to accommodate novelty. We argue that the design of new technologies was shaped by friction related to institutionalised practices, regulatory regimes and entrenched patient roles. These friction forces connect the past with the present, come into action when aiming for novelty and result to the perpetuation of constituents of the past during change processes. Specifically, the e-health solutions under study were strongly influenced by established healthcare provision…

Effectual tactics in digital intrapreneurship: A process model

Abstract Uncertainty and the pursuit of new ventures are intricately linked. Digital technologies open up new ways for uncertainty handling in the pursuit of novelty. In this paper, we develop a process model that traces the dynamics among uncertainty, digitally enabled tactics, and organizational novelty. The model points to the potential of technologies that are evocative, disposable, and responsive for venturing in complex, uncertainty-ridden contexts. Our research builds on extant conceptualizations of complexity in innovation journeys, in conjunction with perspectives on effectual entrepreneurial tactics. Empirically, we investigate uncertainty handling through a longitudinal case stud…

Strategies for Building eHealth Infrastructures

This chapter presents a cross-case analysis of the eleven empirical chapters of the book. We discuss the six e-prescription cases and the five patient-oriented eHealth cases in terms of the initiatives’ scope, starting point, and motivation, and then, we turn to observed strategies towards the installed base for the two types of infrastructures. E-prescription is relatively well-defined in terms of functionality and there are clear interdependencies with existing healthcare applications (e.g. Electronic Health Record systems and Pharmacy systems) as well as with established practices for prescribing, dispensing and reimbursement of drugs. The e-prescription cases illustrate a variety of app…

What do citizens think of AI adoption in public services? Exploratory research on citizen attitudes through a social contract lens

The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by the public sector has the potential to improve service delivery. However, the risks related to AI are significant and citizen concerns have halted several AI initiatives. In this paper we report findings from an empirical study on citizens´ attitudes towards AI use in public services in Norway. We found a generally positive attitude and identified three factors contributing to this: a) the high level of trust in government; b) the reassurance provided by having humans in the loop; c) the perceived transparency into processes, data used for AI models and models´ inner workings. We interpret these findings through the lens of social contract the…

Determinants of Blockchain Technology Introduction in Organizations: an Empirical Study among Experienced Practitioners

Abstract Blockchain is expected to enable new types of interorganizational relationships, new approaches to governance and new approaches to settlement and clearing processes. Neverthless, although the interest on blockchain is on the rise, there are not many blockchain implementations in organizations and there is limited empirical research investigating the reasons for this. This paper contributes to filling this gap by investigating the following research question: what are the impeding and motivating factors for organizational blockchain adoption? Data were collected through a survey based on pairwise comparisons of key factors identified in the literature. The data collected were analy…

Platform-Supported Cooperative Work

Abstract. Platformization is transforming the way work is organized in a variety of businesses. The CSCW literature contains substantial amount of research on platforms, but this research to date has mainly been focusing on two-sided global platforms such as social media, on-demand labor, and crowdsourcing platforms. In many European countries, platformization of traditional organizations, both private and public, is well underway and accelerated by the pandemic. Platformization as a process can affect how we design systems –i.e. the platform itself and its peripheral applications and customizations –and how we use platforms for collaboration. Through this workshop we want to engage academi…

Collective action in national e-health initiatives: Findings from a cross-analysis of the Norwegian and Greek e-prescription initiatives.

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Building National eHealth Platforms: the Challenge of Inclusiveness

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Affordances in Human-Chatbot Interaction: A Review of the Literature

The present study advances our understanding of human-AI interactions, by identifying and analyzing chatbot affordances in prior research. The results of this review consolidate research findings on chatbots’ affordances, which must be taken into consideration when chatbot-based services are designed and deployed. Specifically, the review of state-of-the-art literature led to the identification of nine high level affordances: Human Like Conversing, Assistance Provision, Facilitation, Distilling Information, Enriching Information, Context Identification, Personalization, Fostering Familiarity and Ensuring Privacy. Our contribution is twofold. First, we map the chatbot affordances identified …

Enabling openness of valuable information resources: Curbing data subtractability and exclusion

In this paper we investigate how data openness can be made possible in communal settings. We adopt a utility perspective that foregrounds the use value of data, conceptualizing them as “goods.” On the basis of this conceptualization we explore 2 key goods' attributes: subtractability and exclusion. Our theoretical basis is built upon concepts from the theory of the commons, power theorizing, and notions related to data and information. Empirically, we investigate openness in the genetics domain through a longitudinal study of the evolving communal infrastructure for data related to 2 genes influencing women's susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer (BRCA1 and BRCA2). We follow the conti…

Cultivating the Installed Base: The Introduction of e-Prescription in Greece

In this chapter we explore the surprisingly swift deployment of a national e-prescription service in Greece. We position e-prescribing within the overall Greek health system and we describe how the new electronic service evolved to inscribe specific prescribing policies, to provide clinical decision support and to facilitate the processes and roles of policy and financing stakeholders. We identify how a series of pragmatic decisions allowed building upon a “good-enough” installed base by exploiting its latent potential without perpetuating all of its weaknesses, and by being responsive to exogenous shifts. These tactical decisions, were supported by a favourable and enabling combination of …

Dealing with Tensions in Technology Enabled Healthcare Innovation: Two Cases from the Norwegian Healthcare Sector

In Chapter 5, Grisot, Vassilakopoulou and Aanestad examine patient-focused ICT applications, which extend traditional health information infrastructures and have the potential to transform the relation between patients and doctors, allowing for a more active patient role. However, new design challenges emerge because it is unclear how existing infrastructures can accommodate novel usage areas, and how they should be modified or even substituted. In this chapter, the authors’ research aim is to examine such challenges, framed as ‘design tensions’ in the context of ICT-enabled innovation processes in healthcare. Building on Information Infrastructure theory, the authors examine how such desig…

Communal data work: Data sharing and re-use in clinical genetics

In this article, we examine work with communal data in the context of clinical genetic testing. Drawing from prior research on digital research infrastructures and from the analysis of our empirical data on genetic testing, we describe how data generated in laboratories distributed all over the world are shared and re-used. Our research findings point to six different human-driven activities related to expanding, disambiguating, sanitizing and assessing the relevance, validity and combinability of data. We contribute to research within Health Informatics with a framework that foregrounds human-driven activities for data interoperability.

Innovation Readiness in Healthcare Information Infrastructures: Key Resources to Enable Collaborative Digital Innovation

This paper describes key requirements for digital innovation readiness in the public healthcare sector. Collaborative innovation models, where internal and external innovators contribute their ideas and solutions put certain requirements to the organization and ICT infrastructure of health organizations. To explore these requirements, we conducted an empirical case study of a collaborative digital innovation project from its concept stage towards implementation. Our study identifies key technical and organizational resources needed to facilitate innovation, and it therefore has implications for what resources and capabilities need to become part of the healthcare information infrastructure …

The Norwegian eHealth Platform: Development Through Cultivation Strategies and Incremental Changes

This chapter describes the conceptualization process, early stage development, and incremental changes in the creation of the Norwegian eHealth platform for patient-oriented services. The platform was launched in 2011 as an information-oriented portal and gradually developed into a complex platform enabling several eHealth services. Some of these services required the linking and reuse of existing components and resources, while other required the creation of novel parts. Overall the process has been driven by strong political will and visions towards making health services more accessible to informed patients. In this chapter we examine this effort as a process of cultivation of the instal…