Extrakorporale Stoßwellenlithotripsie (ESWL) — Physikalische und biologische Grundlagen

Sieben Jahre sind inzwischen seit der ersten humanen ESWL-Behandlung im Februar 1980 vergangen, vier Jahre seit der Inbetriebnahme der 2. ESWL-Anlage hier in Stuttgart und damit seit dem Beginn der serienmasigen Verteilung der ESWL-Technologie, zunachst in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, danach weltweit.

Multi-resolution anisotropy studies of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory

We report a multi-resolution search for anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory with local zenith angles up to $80^\circ$ and energies in excess of 4 EeV ($4 \times 10^{18}$ eV). This search is conducted by measuring the angular power spectrum and performing a needlet wavelet analysis in two independent energy ranges. Both analyses are complementary since the angular power spectrum achieves a better performance in identifying large-scale patterns while the needlet wavelet analysis, considering the parameters used in this work, presents a higher efficiency in detecting smaller-scale anisotropies, potentially providing directional informa…

Protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 immunoreactivity in nerve fibres and pinealocytes of guinea-pig pineal gland: interrelationship with tyrosine- hydroxylase- and neuropeptide-Y-immunoreactive nerve fibres.

This light-microscopic (LM) immunohistochemical study has evaluated the presence and distribution of the pan-neural and neuroendocrine marker protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 in pinealocytes and nerve fibres of guinea-pig pineal gland. The pattern of PGP 9.5-immunoreactive (ir) nerve fibres has been compared with that of fibres staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or neuropeptide Y (NPY). The vast majority of pinealocytes stained for PGP 9.5, although with variable intensity. PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity was localized in pinealocytic cell bodies and processes. Double-immunofluorescence revealed that PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity was absent from glial cells identified with a monoclonal antibody again…

The Tachykinin Neuroimmune Connection in Inflammatory Pain

Distribution and coexistence of chromogranin A-, serotonin-and pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity in endocrine-like cells of the human anal canal

The comparative distribution and coexistence of chromogranin A (CGA)-, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT)- and pancreastatin (PST)-like immunoreactivity in endocrine-like cells of the human anal canal was investigated by light-microscopic immunocytochemistry. The largest population of colorectal endocrine-like cells consisted of CGA-immunoreactive (ir) cells, followed by the 5-HT-ir and PST-ir cell population. In the anal transitional zone (ATZ), CGA- and 5-HT-immunoreactivity was equally distributed; ir-PST was confined to a smaller endocrine-like cell population. In the squamous zone and the perianal skin, Merkel cells in the basal layer of the epidermis and hair follicles exhibited ir…

A 3-Year Sample of Almost 1,600 Elves Recorded Above South America by the Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory

The time and location of the 1,598 verified and reconstructed elves, used for the analysis showcased in this paper, are publicly available on the website of the Pierre Auger Observatory (https://www.auger.org/ index.php/science/data). We wish to thank the World Wide Lightning Location Network (http://wwlln.net), a collaboration among over 50 universities and institutions, for providing the lightning location data used in this paper. We acknowledge Robert Marshall for providing one of the most advanced elve simulations to the public, a key tool in understanding the elves observed by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Ob…

Large-scale Cosmic-Ray Anisotropies above 4 EeV Measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

We present a detailed study of the large-scale anisotropies of cosmic rays with energies above 4 EeV measured using the Pierre Auger Observatory. For the energy bins [4,8] EeV and $E\geq 8$ EeV, the most significant signal is a dipolar modulation in right ascension at energies above 8 EeV, as previously reported. In this paper we further scrutinize the highest-energy bin by splitting it into three energy ranges. We find that the amplitude of the dipole increases with energy above 4 EeV. The growth can be fitted with a power law with index $\beta=0.79\pm 0.19$. The directions of the dipoles are consistent with an extragalactic origin of these anisotropies at all the energies considered. Addi…

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Abstract Background Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18–49, 50–69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results NNVs were more favourable in su…

Measurement of the92,93,94,100Mo(γ,n) reactions by Coulomb Dissociation

6th Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics Conference (NPA), Lisbon, Portugal, 19 May 2013 - 24 May 2013; Journal of physics / Conference Series 665, 012034 (2016). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/665/1/012034

A tandem approach for collocated measurements of microphysical and radiative cirrus properties

Microphysical and radiation measurements were collected with the novel AIRcraft TOwed Sensor Shuttle (AIRTOSS) – Learjet tandem platform. The platform is a combination of an instrumented Learjet 35A research aircraft and an aerodynamic bird, which is detached from and retracted back to the aircraft during flight via a steel wire with a length of 4000 m. Both platforms are equipped with radiative, cloud microphysical, trace gas, and meteorological instruments. The purpose of the development of this tandem set-up is to study the inhomogeneity of cirrus as well as other stratiform clouds. Sophisticated numerical flow simulations were conducted in order to optimally integrate an axially asymmet…

Peptide neuroanatomy of adjuvant-induced arthritic inflammation in rat

The influence of adjuvant-induced arthritis of the rat on central and peripheral peptide neuroanatomy was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The most striking feature of arthritic rats was the differential intensification of neuronal proenkephalin- and prodynorphin-related staining in dorsal horn. Changes were ipsilateral in monoarthritic and bilateral in polyarthritic rats as compared to controls. Opioid responsive neurons were target of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) fibers. Changes of SP and CGRP predominated in peripheral inflamed tissue and consisted of intensified immunostaining and an apparent sprouting of sensory fibers particularly around venules, in…

Observation of inclined EeV air showers with the radio detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

With the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we have observed the radio emission from 561 extensive air showers with zenith angles between 60 and 84. In contrast to air showers with more vertical incidence, these inclined air showers illuminate large ground areas of several km2 with radio signals detectable in the 30 to 80 MHz band. A comparison of the measured radio-signal amplitudes with Monte Carlo simulations of a subset of 50 events for which we reconstruct the energy using the Auger surface detector shows agreement within the uncertainties of the current analysis. As expected for forward-beamed radio emission undergoing no significant absorption or sc…

Search for ultrarelativistic magnetic monopoles with the Pierre Auger Observatory

We present a search for ultra-relativistic magnetic monopoles with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Such particles, possibly a relic of phase transitions in the early universe, would deposit a large amount of energy along their path through the atmosphere, comparable to that of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). The air shower profile of a magnetic monopole can be effectively distinguished by the fluorescence detector from that of standard UHECRs. No candidate was found in the data collected between 2004 and 2012, with an expected background of less than 0.1 event from UHECRs. The corresponding 90% confidence level (C.L.) upper limits on the flux of ultra-relativistic magnetic monopoles ra…

Search for patterns by combining cosmic-ray energy and arrival directions at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Energy-dependent patterns in the arrival directions of cosmic rays are searched for using data of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We investigate local regions around the highest-energy cosmic rays with E ≥ 6×1019 eV by analyzing cosmic rays with energies above E ≥ 5×1018 eV arriving within an angular separation of approximately 15∘. We characterize the energy distributions inside these regions by two independent methods, one searching for angular dependence of energy-energy correlations and one searching for collimation of energy along the local system of principal axes of the energy distribution. No significant patterns are found with this analysis. The comparison of these measurements with …

Microtubules and intermediate filaments of herpes simplex virus infected cells.

The fate of microtubules and of vimentin or keratin containing intermediate filaments during infection with fusion or rounding producing strains of herpes simplex virus (HSV) was investigated. Microtubules polymerize early after fusion of cells. However, they do not reconstitute 6–7 hours post infection (p.i.) after release of a colcemid block. Keratin and vimentin are maintained around the original nucleus still inside of recruited cells in the polykaryocyte. Cells of fibroblastic and epithelial origin fuse. Inside of polykaryocytes keratin or vimentin containing fibers seem to polymerize. Keratin is to be found in invaginations in the nuclei surrounded by the inner layer of the nuclear me…

Involvement of actin-containing microfilaments in HSV-induced cytopathology and the influence of inhibitors of glycosylation.

Two and a half hours after infection with a high dose of different strains of HSV-1 which induce rounding of cells, breakdown of actin containing microfilaments can be observed. At the periphery of the cell, actin containing knob-like protuberances were visible. Later on, actin seems to be located exclusively on the surface of cells. Observations were done by immunofluorescence microscopy, scanning electron-microscopy and immunoperoxidase staining of ultrathin sections. The envelope of HSV appears to be stained by anti-actin. Strain IES produces rounding of cells at a high dose of infection before fusion proceeds at 37 degrees C. Similar alterations were not observed with the fusing strains…

Neurotransmitter in Pankreasnerven: Ein Beitrag zur Schmerzgenese bei chronischer Pankreatitis

Ursache und Pathogenese des langjahrigen Schmerzsyndromes bei chronischer Pankreatitis sind nach wie vor ungeklart. Ein neues Konzept der Schmerzgenese bei chronischer Pankreatitis, namlich spezifische Veranderungen an den Pankreasnerven, wurde vor kurzem erstmals beschrieben (1). Es handelt sich hierbei neben einer Vermehrung und Grosenzunahme von extrinsischen und intrinsischen neuralen Strukturen im Pankreas um eine Zerstorung des perineuralen Bindegewebes, welches als wirksame Schutzbarriere gegenuber humoralen und cellularen Einflussen im gesunden menschlichen Pankreas fungiert.

Molecular anatomy of the neuro-immune connection.

Light microscopic immunohistochemistry was employed to elucidate and compare the presence, distribution, and coexistence of various peptides, neuroendocrine markers and enzymes of the catecholamine pathway in nerves supplying lymphoid tissues in a variety of mammalian species. All lymphoid organs and tissues receive innervation by fibers containing dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and/or tyrosine hydroxylase, neural markers like protein gene product 9.5, synaptophysin and neurofilament and a varied spectrum of peptides. The prominent peptides were tachykinins (substance P, neurokinin A), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/peptide his…

Peptidergic Innervation in Chronic Pancreatitis

The reason for the generation and continuation of chronic pain in chronic pancreatitis is unclear [6, 10, 11, 13, 61, 117]. Current concepts of the neurobiology of pain point to the possible role of various neuropeptides in pain processing and inflammation [8, 29, 32, 33, 44, 60, 64, 65, 68, 79, 104, 112]. A key function has been ascribed to the proinflammatory and pronociceptive peptides of the tachykininin (TK) family (8, 44, 104, 109]. That the tachykinin substance P (SP) may be involved in chronic inflammatory and painful disease of the gastrointestinal system is evidenced by a selective increase in the density of tachykinin receptors in the bowels of patients suffering from Crohn’s dis…

Data-driven estimation of the invisible energy of cosmic ray showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory

The determination of the primary energy of extensive air showers using the fluorescence detection technique requires an estimation of the energy carried away by particles that do not deposit all their energy in the atmosphere. This estimation is typically made using Monte Carlo simulations and thus depends on the assumed primary particle mass and on model predictions for neutrino and muon production. In this work we present a new method to obtain the invisible energy from events detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The method uses measurements of the muon number at ground level, and it allows us to significantly reduce the systematic uncertainties related to the mass composition and th…

Measurement of the radiation energy in the radio signal of extensive air showers as a universal estimator of cosmic-ray energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8±0.7(stat)±6.7(syst) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principles calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the d…

An Indication of Anisotropy in Arrival Directions of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays through Comparison to the Flux Pattern of Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Sources

A new analysis of the dataset from the Pierre Auger Observatory provides evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays on an intermediate angular scale, which is indicative of excess arrivals from strong, nearby sources. The data consist of 5514 events above 20 EeV with zenith angles up to 80 deg recorded before 2017 April 30. Sky models have been created for two distinct populations of extragalactic gamma-ray emitters: active galactic nuclei from the second catalog of hard Fermi-LAT sources (2FHL) and starburst galaxies from a sample that was examined with Fermi-LAT. Flux-limited samples, which include all types of galaxies from the Swift-BAT and 2MASS …

Suppression of humoral immune response against herpes simplex virus induced by defective strains, ts- and TK- mutants.

Suppression of humoral antibody formation against HSV is not only induced by replicating Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) but also by the defective strain ANG and the deletion mutant 1301 of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Moreover, ts-mutants A, H, K, S, 1201 and 1208 of HSV-1 as well as some ts-mutants of HSV-2 and “defective-interfering” particles of HSV-1 after high multiplicity of infection-passages induced suppression. Treatment of infected mice with ACG reduced antibody-formation but did not result in suppression. UV-irradiation of the antibody producing strain Len of HSV-1 strongly reduces antibody formation and induces suppression. Experiments using a series of intertypic r…

Measurement of the average shape of longitudinal profiles of cosmic-ray air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory

The profile of the longitudinal development of showers produced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays carries information related to the interaction properties of the primary particles with atmospheric nuclei. In this work, we present the first measurement of the average shower profile in traversed atmospheric depth at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The shapes of profiles are well reproduced by the Gaisser-Hillas parametrization within the range studied, for E>10 17.8 eV .A detailed analysis of the systematic uncertainties is performed using ten years of data and a full detector simulation. The average shape is quantified using two variables related to the width and asymmetry of the profile, and …

Tree-pollen allergy is efficiently treated by short-term immunotherapy (STI) with seven preseasonal injections of molecular standardized allergens.

The efficacy and tolerance of short-term immunotherapy (STI) by seven preseasonal injections of tree-pollen allergens (ALK7 Fruhbluhermischung) was investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study with 111 rhinoconjunctivitis patients. Nasal and bronchial symptoms simultaneously analyzed, and nasal symptoms as a single end point, but not the overall score of nasal, bronchial, and conjunctival symptoms, showed a significantly lower increase with STI during birch-pollen exposure (both P=0.033, n=105, Mann-Whitney U-test). However, a selective analysis with patients from centers with high recruitment figures (n> or =10 patients, n=29 STI, n=32 placebo) showed a significant…

CCDC 1977518: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: H. Hupatz, M. Gaedke, H. V. Schröder, J. Beerhues, A. Valkonen, F. Klautzsch, S. Müller, F. Witte, K. Rissanen, B. Sarkar and C. A. Schalley|2020|Beilstein J.Org.Chem.|16|2576|doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.209