showing 36 of ~574560 from 574555 documents
Spelling in Finnish : the case of the double consonant
2021
Because of its regularity, it is relatively easy to learn to read and spell in Finnish. However, a specific hurdle in spelling acquisition seems to be the doubling of consonant letters. In this study on consonant letter doubling spelling in Finnish children (91 Grade 1 and 191 Grade 2 children), we asked two questions. First, are items with double consonant letters (e.g., “kissa” [ˈkisːɑ] ‘cat’) indeed harder to spell than single consonant items (e.g., “kisa” [ˈkisɑ] ‘contest’)? Second, is consonant doubling harder for stop consonants (e.g., “takki” [ˈtɑkːi] ‘coat’) than for continuant consonants (e.g., “kissa&rdq…
Profesjoner i samspill
2021
Artificial selection of microbial communities: the effect of diversity and the role of interspecific interactions
2021
In agriculture, the plants and animals that are bred come from long-term artificial selection procedures that aim at producing individuals with desirable traits. Such procedures can be applied at levels of biological organization higher than the individual such as the community level, which is of particular interest in the field of microbial community engineering. Indeed, microbial communities play key roles in agriculture but also in the environment, health and industry, and a growing body of literature shows promising results regarding the artificial selection of microbial communities for desirable functions. However, for artificial selection procedures at the community level to be effici…
Modelling the spatial and temporal constrains of the GABAergic influence on neuronal excitability
2021
GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain that can mediate depolarizing responses during development or after neuropathological insults. Under which conditions GABAergic membrane depolarizations are sufficient to impose excitatory effects is hard to predict, as shunting inhibition and GABAergic effects on spatiotemporal filtering of excitatory inputs must be considered. To evaluate at which reversal potential a net excitatory effect was imposed by GABA (EGABAThr), we performed a detailed in-silico study using simple neuronal topologies and distinct spatiotemporal relations between GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs. These simulations revealed for GABAe…
Physical activity and health: Findings from Finnish monozygotic twin pairs discordant for physical activity
2021
AbstractGenetic and early environmental differences including early health habits associate with future health. To provide insight on the causal nature of these associations, monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant for health habits provide an interesting natural experiment. Twin pairs discordant for leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in early adult life are thus a powerful study design to investigate the associations between long-term LTPA and indicators of health and wellbeing. We have used this study design by identifying 17 LTPA discordant twin pairs from two Finnish twin cohorts and summarize key findings of these studies in this paper. The carefully characterized rare long-term LTPA…
Accelerating Causal Inference and Feature Selection Methods through G-Test Computation Reuse
2021
This article presents a novel and remarkably efficient method of computing the statistical G-test made possible by exploiting a connection with the fundamental elements of information theory: by writing the G statistic as a sum of joint entropy terms, its computation is decomposed into easily reusable partial results with no change in the resulting value. This method greatly improves the efficiency of applications that perform a series of G-tests on permutations of the same features, such as feature selection and causal inference applications because this decomposition allows for an intensive reuse of these partial results. The efficiency of this method is demonstrated by implementing it as…
Λc+ Production and Baryon-to-Meson Ratios in pp and p-Pb Collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV at the LHC
2021
The prompt production of the charm baryon Λ+c and the Λ+c/D0 production ratios were measured at midrapidity with the ALICE detector in pp and p-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV. These new measurements show a clear decrease of the Λ+c/D0 ratio with increasing transverse momentum (pT) in both collision systems in the range 2<12 GeV/c, exhibiting similarities with the light-flavor baryon-to-meson ratios p/π and Λ/K0S. At low pT, predictions that include additional color-reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading-color approximation, assume the existence of additional higher-mass charm-baryon states, or include hadronization via coalescence can describe the data, while predictions driven by cha…
[Association between eating behavior pattern and caries in a population of children aged 3 to 9 years in the province of Alicante].
2021
Introduction: dental caries is the most common contagious infectious disease of childhood. Much has been studied about the effect of a healthy diet on oral health, but little attention has been paid to the importance of eating patterns. Objectives: to establish the relationship between dental caries and eating behavior pattern using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) in a sample of children. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out by selecting any boy or girl between 3 and 9 years who attended a dental clinic in the province of Alicante (Spain). An oral examination was performed to diagnose caries in children whose parents signed an informe…
Publicity and the Rule of Law
2021
By the ‘Rule of Law’ I mean a set of formal and institutional features the law may possess in varying degrees. These features define an ideal, which laws have traditionally been expected to live up to. One of these features is publicity. Part of what constitutes the Rule of Law is the requirement that the laws should be public. This is the subject of this paper. When it is claimed that the Rule of Law requires that the laws should be public, what is to be understood by this claim? My main claim is that the Rule of Law requirement of publicity is best understood in terms of the notion of common, or mutual, knowledge. When it is required that the laws should be public, what should be meant by…
Variation of physical constants and electron–positron oscillations: Zitterbewegung in a plane wave
2021
The space and time dependence of physical constants is currently a debated issue for experimental findings, and theoretical reasons seem to indicate that this is not a mere speculative possibility. The paper provides a relativistic description of a free fermion evolving under the assumption of temporal variation of the physical constants. The assumed generalisation of the Dirac equation is particularly simple and permits a grouping of the constants in one single parameter and a consequent agile treatment of the problem. The form of the equations suggests a rescaling of the temporal coordinate $$x^0=ct$$ which allows a plane wave solution. Two are the main results of the treatment. First, th…
Cancer and Infective Endocarditis: Characteristics and Prognostic Impact
2021
Background: The interplay between cancer and IE has become of increasing interest. This study sought to assess the prevalence, baseline characteristics, management, and outcomes of IE cancer patients in the ESC EORP EURO-ENDO registry.Methods: Three thousand and eighty-five patients with IE were identified based on the ESC 2015 criteria. Three hundred and fifty-nine (11.6%) IE cancer patients were compared to 2,726 (88.4%) cancer-free IE patients.Results: In cancer patients, IE was mostly community-acquired (74.8%). The most frequently identified microorganisms were S. aureus (25.4%) and Enterococci (23.8%). The most frequent complications were acute renal failure (25.9%), embolic events (2…
Starptautiskā konference "Jauno vēsturnieku zinātniskie lasījumi VII": Konferences referātu tēzes
2021
Starptautisko konferenci “Jauno vēsturnieku zinātniskie lasījumi VII” rīko Latvijas Universitātes Latvijas vēstures institūts un Valmieras muzejs, sadarbībā ar Vītauta Dižā Universitāti Kauņā, Lietuvas Vēstures institūtu un Tartu universitātes Vēstures un arheoloģijas institūtu. Konferencē jau septīto gadu piedalās jaunie pētnieki, kuru interešu loks aptver ar vēsturi saistītas tēmas visplašākajos kontekstos. Šogad lasījumiem pieteikti 28 referāti, kuri pamatā aplūko dažādus vēstures aspektus no 15. līdz 20. gadsimtam. Referātu autori pārstāv Latvijas Universitāti, Tartu Universitāti, Vītauta Dižā Universitāti, Latvijas Mākslas akadēmiju, Daugavpils Universitāti, Jāzepa Vītola Latvijas Mūzi…
Adherence to international guidelines for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection among gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows in I…
2021
Background: Information on the management of Helicobacter (H.) pylori infection by gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows are scarce. We aimed to assess practice of gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows and their adherence to guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection in Italy. Materials and Methods: All gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows attending the National Congress of Digestive Diseases - FISMAD were invited to fill-in an on-line questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection. Results: A total of 279 gastroenterologists and 61 gastroenterology fellows participated to the stu…
Nonverbal synchrony in couple therapy linked to clients’ well-being and the therapeutic alliance
2021
Nonverbal synchrony between individuals has a robust relation to the positive aspects of relationships. In psychotherapy, where talking is the cure, nonverbal synchrony has been related to a positive outcome of therapy and to a stronger therapeutic alliance between therapist and client in dyadic settings. Only a few studies have focused on nonverbal synchrony in multi-actor therapy conversations. Here, we studied the synchrony of head and body movements in couple therapy, with four participants present (spouses and two therapists). We analyzed more than 2000min of couple therapy videos from 11 couple therapy cases using Motion Energy Analysis and a Surrogate Synchrony (SUSY), a procedure us…
Addressing sustainable food management in hotels: proposing a framework and examining hotel groups
2021
Purpose Sustainable food practices have been recognised as a key issue in efforts to improve and report sustainable tourism practices, given the importance of the social, environmental and economic impacts of the food industry throughout its entire chain of production – from farm to fork. From this standpoint, the aim of the present paper is to propose a comprehensive framework for reporting or making decisions concerning sustainable food management in hotels, taking into account the various facets of the food supply chain.Design/methodology/approach Several dimensions are proposed for dealing with sustainable food management, involving all aspects of food supply chains that may be relevant…
Explainable AI (XAI): A Systematic Meta-Survey of Current Challenges and Future Opportunities
2021
The past decade has seen significant progress in artificial intelligence (AI), which has resulted in algorithms being adopted for resolving a variety of problems. However, this success has been met by increasing model complexity and employing black-box AI models that lack transparency. In response to this need, Explainable AI (XAI) has been proposed to make AI more transparent and thus advance the adoption of AI in critical domains. Although there are several reviews of XAI topics in the literature that identified challenges and potential research directions in XAI, these challenges and research directions are scattered. This study, hence, presents a systematic meta-survey for challenges an…
Real-Life Outcomes of Coronary Bifurcation Stenting in Acute Myocardial Infarction (Zabrze–Opole Registry)
2021
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of bifurcation lesions is a technical challenge associated with high risk of adverse events, especially in primary PCI. The aim of the study is to analyze long-term outcomes after PCI for coronary bifurcation in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The outcome was defined as the rate of major adverse cardiac event related to target lesion failure (MACE-TLF) (death-TLF, nonfatal myocardial infarction-TLF and target lesion revascularization (TLR)) and the rate of stent thrombosis (ST). From 306 patients enrolled to the registry, 113 were diagnosed with AMI. In the long term, AMI was not a risk factor for MACE-TLF. The risk of MACE-TLF was dependent on th…
Amorphous p-Type Conducting Zn-x Ir Oxide (x > 0.13) Thin Films Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Cosputtering
2021
Zinc-iridium oxide (Zn-Ir-O) thin films have been demonstrated as a p-type conducting material. However, the stability of p-type conductivity with respect to chemical composition or temperature is still unclear. In this study we discuss the local atomic structure and the electrical properties of Zn-Ir-O films in the large Ir concentration range. The films are deposited by reactive DC magnetron co-sputtering at two different substrate temperatures-without intentional heating and at 300 {\deg}C. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis reveals that strongly disordered ZnO4 tetrahedra are the main Zn complexes in Zn-Ir-O films with up to 67.4 at% Ir. As the Ir concentration in…
Interference effect in lepton number violating and conserving meson decays for a left-right symmetric model
2021
We study the effect of interference on the lepton number violating~(LNV) and lepton number conserving~(LNC) three-body meson decays $M_1^{+}\to l_i^{+} l_j^{\pm}\pi^{\mp}$, that arise in a TeV scale Left Right Symmetric model~(LRSM) with degenerate or nearly degenerate right handed~(RH) neutrinos. LRSM contains three RH neutrinos and a RH gauge boson. The RH neutrinos with masses in the range of $M_N \sim$ (MeV - few GeV) can give resonant enhancement in the semi-leptonic LNV and LNC meson decays. In the case, where only one RH neutrino contributes to these decays, the predicted new physics branching ratio of semi-leptonic LNV and LNC meson decays $M_1^{+}\to l_i^{+} l_j^{+}\pi^{-}$ and $M_…
false
2021
Background Therapy for a first primary neoplasm (FPN) in childhood with high doses of ionizing radiation is an established risk factor for second primary neoplasms (SPN). An association between exposure to low doses and childhood cancer is also suggested; however, results are inconsistent. As only subgroups of children with FPNs develop SPNs, an interaction between radiation, genetic, and other risk factors is presumed to influence cancer development. Objective Therefore, the population-based, nested case-control study KiKme aims to identify differences in genetic predisposition and radiation response between childhood cancer survivors with and without SPNs as well as cancer-free controls.…
false
2021
The controlled release of antibiotics prevents the spread of pathogens and thereby improves healing processes in regenerative medicine. However, high concentrations may interfere with healing processes. It is therefore advantageous to use biodegradable materials for a controlled release. In particular, multilayer materials enable differential release at different surfaces. For this purpose, collagen sheets of different properties can be bonded by photochemical crosslinking. Here, we present the development and application of an easily accessible, additively manufactured sample holder to study the controlled release of vancomycin from modularly assembled collagen laminates in two directions.…
Adaptive Backstepping Control of a 2-DOF Helicopter System in the Presence of Quantization
2021
Author's accepted manuscript. © 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. This paper studies the attitude tracking control for an uncertain 2-degrees of freedom helicopter system where the inputs and the states are quantized. An adaptive backstepping based control scheme is proposed to handle the effect of quantization for tracking of reference angles for p…
Le regard décolonial d’Alfred Alexandre: Les villes assassines ()
2021
This article focuses on the novel Les villes assassines ( 2011 ) by the Martinican writer Alfred Alexandre that shows his decolonial and critical vision of the politics indirectly established from France on overseas territories. The author paints a topography of misery where mafia, drugs and prostitution reign, showing the mechanisms of control and subjection of popular minorities, belonging to the «urban mangrove», whose only way out is, according to the author, a violent position to subvert an order inherited from the slavery regime.
Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic health in overweight and obese adults
2021
Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been inversely associated with insulin resistance and clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight and obese individuals. However, most previous studies have scaled CRF by body mass (BM) possibly inflating the association between CRF and cardiometabolic health. We investigated the associations of peak oxygen uptake (V O2peak) and peak power output (Wpeak) scaled either by BM-1, fat free mass (FFM-1), or by allometric methods with individual cardiometabolic risk factors and clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in 55 overweight or obese adults with metabolic syndrome. Methods V O2peak and Wpeak were assessed by a maximal cycl…
Convergent adaptation of Saccharomyces uvarum to sulfite, an antimicrobial preservative widely used in human-driven fermentations
2021
Different species can find convergent solutions to adapt their genome to the same evolutionary constraints, although functional convergence promoted by chromosomal rearrangements in different species has not previously been found. In this work, we discovered that two domesticated yeast species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Saccharomyces uvarum, acquired chromosomal rearrangements to convergently adapt to the presence of sulfite in fermentation environments. We found two new heterologous chromosomal translocations in fermentative strains of S. uvarum at the SSU1 locus, involved in sulfite resistance, an antimicrobial additive widely used in food production. These are convergent events that …
Interchannel Interference and Mitigation in Distributed MIMO RF Sensing
2021
In this paper, we analyze and mitigate the cross-channel interference, which is found in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radio frequency (RF) sensing systems. For a millimeter wave (mm-Wave) MIMO system, we present a geometrical three-dimensional (3D) channel model to simulate the time-variant (TV) trajectories of a moving scatterer. We collected RF data using a state-of-the-art radar known as Ancortek SDR-KIT 2400T2R4, which is a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) MIMO radar system operating in the K-band. The Ancortek radar is currently the only K-band MIMO commercial radar system that offers customized antenna configurations. It is shown that this radar system encounters th…
Typification of the Presl’s name Calamintha canescens (Lamiaceae)
2021
Calamintha canescens is a taxon described in the “Flora Sicula” by K. B. Presl (1826), following the visit made to Sicily a few years earlier (March-July 1817). In the protologue Presl does not report any data on the distribution in Sicily of this taxon that will be almost completely forgotten in later floristic works. Only Nyman (1881) and later Šilić (1979) consider it as a variety respectively of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi and C. glandulosa (Req.) Benth. Following the review of a group of critical European taxa belonging to the genus Clinopodium L., lately Melnikov (2016) recovers the ancient taxon Calamintha canescens C. Presl and transfers it to the genus Clinopodium L. Also, the auth…
The Use of Silicones as Extractants of Biologically Active Substances from Vegetable Raw Materials
2021
Based on theoretical studies, the authors of this paper propose the use of cosmetic organosilicon polymers (commonly called silicones) for the extraction of a complex of biologically active substances contained in vegetable raw materials. It is important to note that the biological molecules do not interact with the organosilicones and, therefore, their properties are not altered after the extraction. In this work, we investigate the efficiency of several polyorganosiloxanes as extractants of vegetable raw materials (Calendula Officialis L. and Artemisia Absinthium L.) useful for the preparation of cosmetic emulsions. Specifically, the extraction studies were conducted by using polyorganosi…
Practising applied linguistics and the change agenda
2021
Forum Discussion
Adaptive Whisking in Mice
2021
Rodents generate rhythmic whisking movements to explore their environment. Whisking trajectories, for one, appear as a fixed pattern of whisk cycles at 5-10 Hz driven by a brain stem central pattern generator. In contrast, whisking behavior is thought to be versatile and adaptable to behavioral goals. To begin to systematically investigate such behavioral adaptation, we established a whisking task, in which mice altered the trajectories of whisking in a goal-oriented fashion to gain rewards. Mice were trained to set the whisker to a defined starting position and generate a protraction movement across a virtual target (no touch-related tactile feedback). By ramping up target distance based o…
Impact of an intensive education programme of diagnostic lung and lower limb ultrasound on physiotherapist knowledge: A pilot study.
2021
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: Diagnostic ultrasound of the respiratory system and peripheral muscular systems is increasingly being used by clinicians. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge outcomes of a bespoke one‐day curriculum for physiotherapists that incorporated lung, diaphragm and lower limb muscle diagnostic ultrasound theory and practical training in image acquisition and analysis. METHODS: A one‐day course comprised of three instructors and 32 participants on key diagnostic ultrasound findings of the lungs, diaphragm and lower limb musculature included didactic lectures combined with expert‐led hands‐on training in practical sessions. Participants undertook pre‐ and post‐co…
false
2021
Nonverbal synchrony between individuals has a robust relation to the positive aspects of relationships. In psychotherapy, where talking is the cure, nonverbal synchrony has been related to a positive outcome of therapy and to a stronger therapeutic alliance between therapist and client in dyadic settings. Only a few studies have focused on nonverbal synchrony in multi-actor therapy conversations. Here, we studied the synchrony of head and body movements in couple therapy, with four participants present (spouses and two therapists). We analyzed more than 2000min of couple therapy videos from 11 couple therapy cases using Motion Energy Analysis and a Surrogate Synchrony (SUSY), a procedure us…
The Complex Regulatory Role of Cytomegalovirus Nuclear Egress Protein pUL50 in the Production of Infectious Virus
2021
The regulation of the nucleocytoplasmic release of herpesviral capsids is defined by the process of nuclear egress. Due to their large size, nuclear capsids are unable to traverse via nuclear pores, so that herpesviruses evolved to develop a vesicular transport pathway mediating their transition through both leaflets of the nuclear membrane. This process involves regulatory proteins, which support the local distortion of the nuclear envelope. For human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), the nuclear egress complex (NEC) is determined by the pUL50-pUL53 core that initiates multicomponent assembly with NEC-associated proteins and capsids. Hereby, pUL50 serves as a multi-interacting determinant that recru…
Measurement of the branching fraction for ψ(3686)→ωKS0KS0
2021
Analyzing (448.1±2.9)×106 ψ(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the ψ(3686)→ωKS0KS0 decay is observed for the first time. The branching fraction for this decay is determined to be Bψ(3686)→ωKS0KS0=(7.04±0.39±0.36)×10−5, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.
Correlation between Polysomnographic Parameters and Tridimensional Changes in the Upper Airway of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients Treated with Mandi…
2021
Background. The effectiveness of mandibular advancement devices has been solidly demonstrated in the past. They are considered a valid alternative treatment to continuous positive airway pressure for patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Nevertheless, the relationship between polysomnographic parameters and the increase in the volume of the upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has not been clearly established so far. This study aimed to determine the impact of these oral appliances upon the volume of the airway after the device titration phase and correlate it with the degree of mandibular advancement and the improvement of polysomnographic parameters. Methods. Al…