Search results for " Phase"

showing 10 items of 1862 documents

Discrimination of nerve gases mimics and other organophosphorous derivatives in gas phase using a colorimetric probe array.

2012

A colorimetric array for the chromogenic discrimination of organophosphorous derivatives in gas phase has been developed. The array allows us to classify the nerve agent simulants DFP, DCP and DCNP.

Chemical warfare agentsNerve gasesSensitivity and SpecificityCatalysisGas phaseQUIMICA ORGANICAOrganophosphorus CompoundsMaterials ChemistryChemical Warfare AgentsChromogenic detectionPROYECTOS DE INGENIERIAChromatographyChemistryChromogenicSensorsQUIMICA INORGANICAMetals and AlloysGeneral ChemistrySurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsProbe arrayRecognitionMultivariate AnalysisCeramics and CompositesColorimetryGasesDCNPChemical communications (Cambridge, England)
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Current trends in affinity-based monoliths in microextraction approaches: A review

2019

Abstract This article reviews the research contributions along the past five years concerning to monolithic materials for the development of affinity-based sorbents in the field of microextraction techniques. The first part of this paper includes an introduction regarding monolithic affinity media and information of different binding agents (such as immunoglobulin-binding proteins, enzymes, lectins, antibodies, aptamers, dyes and immobilized metal ions and nanoparticles, among others) that can act as affinity ligands. Then, the preparation of monoliths and ligand immobilization strategies as well as the different available formats (syringes, pipette tips, spin columns, capillaries, disks an…

ChemistryAptamer010401 analytical chemistryMicrofluidicsNanoparticleNanotechnology02 engineering and technologyLigands021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesBiochemistryChromatography Affinity0104 chemical sciencesAnalytical ChemistryHumansEnvironmental ChemistrySample preparationAdsorption0210 nano-technologySolid Phase MicroextractionSpectroscopyAnalytica Chimica Acta
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Improved stability of black lipid membranes by coating with polysaccharide derivatives bearing hydrophobic anchor groups

1986

Abstract Black lipid membranes were coated with modified polysaccharides bearing hydrophobic palmitoyl and cholesteryl moieties. The changes in membrane structure were investigated using dipicrylamine, a lipophilic ion, as membrane probe. The kinetics of ion transport through the black lipid membranes were studied using the charge pulse relaxation technique. With this technique it was found that it is possible to detect the insertion of the hydrophobic anchor groups of the polysaccharides into the membrane bilayer. As a result of the surface coating, these membranes exhibit a drastically increased long-term stability.

ChemistryBilayerBiophysicsMembrane structureBiological membraneCell Biologyengineering.materialBiochemistrySurface coatingMembraneCoatingChemical engineeringengineeringOrganic chemistrylipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Lipid bilayer phase behaviorIon transporterBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
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ChemInform Abstract: Catenanes and Threaded Systems: From Solution to Surfaces

2009

Functional catenanes and threaded systems able to perform controllable mechanical motions are ideally suited for the design of molecular devices displaying mechanical, electronic, information or sensing functions. These systems have been extensively studied in solution phase and numerous examples of stimuli-driven molecular shuttles have been reported. However, for fully developing their potential applications, they must be interfaced with the macroscopic world. To achieve this objective, in the last few years catenanes and rotaxanes have been organized over surfaces in the form of chemisorbed monolayers or physisorbed monolayers, multilayers and thin films. This tutorial review summarizes …

ChemistryCatenaneMonolayerDeposition (phase transition)NanotechnologyGeneral MedicineThin filmSolution phaseCharacterization (materials science)ChemInform
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Numerical study of the ZnO growth by MOCVD

2004

Abstract In order to analyze the growth of zinc oxide by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, a numerical model has been developed to simulate the gas flow in a horizontal reactor. A two-inlet system, one for the Zn precursor and the other for the oxygen one, has been studied in the framework of this numerical simulation. This model takes into account the momentum conservation equation coupled with the heat transfer and mass transport of chemical species. Different Zn precursors, DiethylZinc (DEZn), DimethylZinc (DMZn) and DimethylZinc-TriethylAmine (DMZn-TEA) and oxygen precursors, ( tert -butanol, iso -propanol and acetone) as well as carrier gases (H 2 and N 2 ) have been considered. …

ChemistryDimethylzincchemistry.chemical_elementChemical vapor depositionZincDiethylzincCondensed Matter PhysicsOxygenInorganic ChemistryPropanolchemistry.chemical_compoundChemical engineeringHeat transferMaterials ChemistryPhysical chemistryMetalorganic vapour phase epitaxyJournal of Crystal Growth
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First-principles study of nitrogen doping in cubic and amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5

2011

We investigated the structural, electronic and vibrational properties of amorphous and cubic Ge(2)Sb(2)Te(5) doped with N at 4.2 at.% by means of large scale ab initio simulations. Nitrogen can be incorporated in molecular form in both the crystalline and amorphous phases at a moderate energy cost. In contrast, insertion of N in the atomic form is very energetically costly in the crystalline phase, though it is still possible in the amorphous phase. These results support the suggestion that N segregates at the grain boundaries during the crystallization of the amorphous phase, resulting in a reduction in size of the crystalline grains and an increased crystallization temperature.

ChemistryDopingAb initioCondensed Matter Physicslaw.inventionAmorphous solidCondensed Matter::Materials ScienceCrystallographyAmorphous carbonlawPhase (matter)PolyamorphismGeneral Materials ScienceGrain boundaryCrystallizationFIS/03 - FISICA DELLA MATERIAab-initio simulations phase change materialsJournal of Physics: Condensed Matter
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Orbiting Orbitals: Visualization of Vi-Bronic Motion at a Conical Intersection

2013

The Jahn-Teller (JT) active unpaired electron of single metalloporphyrin radical anions is imaged through scanning tunneling microscopy. It is demonstrated that the electron is delocalized over the porphyrin macrocycle and its topographic image is determined by vibronic motion: the orbital of the electron adiabatically follows the zero-point pseudorotation of skeletal deformations. Transformation of the polar graphs of the observed images allows visualization of the adiabatic vibrational density to which the electron is coupled. The vibronic potential at the conical intersection is visualized and the half-integer angular momentum characteristic of the Berry phase is revealed in the radial f…

ChemistryElectronConical intersectionlaw.inventionDelocalized electronUnpaired electronGeometric phaseAtomic orbitallawPhysics::Atomic and Molecular ClustersPseudorotationPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryScanning tunneling microscopeAtomic physicsta116The Journal of Physical Chemistry A
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Structure and luminescence of GaN layers

2001

Abstract GaN films grown on 〈1 1 1〉 Si substrate by means of low pressure MOCVD technique in a horizontal flow quartz reactor are characterized by different thin layer analysis methods. The polycrystalline hexagonal structure of the GaN layers has been checked by means of grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry and IR spectroscopy. Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra and their time kinetics are studied. The mean decay time of the 3.44 eV UV bound exciton transition is below 1 ns, whereas the 3.26 eV violet band shows a slow hyperbolical decay over about 1 μs. A third yellow band appears at 2.12 eV due to transitions via localized states.

ChemistryExcitonAnalytical chemistryGeneral Physics and AstronomyInfrared spectroscopyCathodoluminescenceSurfaces and InterfacesGeneral ChemistryCrystal structureCondensed Matter PhysicsSurfaces Coatings and FilmsCrystalliteMetalorganic vapour phase epitaxyLuminescenceQuartzApplied Surface Science
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Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorescent, Low-Symmetry Triphenylene Discotic Liquid Crystals:  Tailoring of Mesomorphic and Optical Properties

1996

A series of monofunctionalized triphenylene-based discotic liquid crystals were synthesized starting from 2-hydroxy-3,6,7,10,11-pentakis(pentyloxy)triphenylene. These compounds are unique in that they possess a single electron-withdrawing group (and consequently a large dipole moment) connected directly to the polyaromatic core. All of the new liquid crystals show a significantly broader range of mesogenicity relative to the parent compound 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexakis(pentyloxy)triphenylene. Moreover, some of the new mesogens exhibit a more ordered mesophase relative to the hexagonal columnar phase (Dh) at lower temperatures. Monofunctionalization of the triphenylene core has a dramatic effect on…

ChemistryGeneral Chemical EngineeringDiscotic liquid crystalMesophaseTriphenyleneGeneral ChemistryFluorescenceDipoleCrystallographychemistry.chemical_compoundLiquid crystalMaterials ChemistrySurface modificationOrganic chemistryColumnar phaseChemistry of Materials
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Polymerization in black lipid membranes. Influence on ion transport

1986

A variety of different lipids containing dienoyl groups in the side chains were tested for membrane formation using the planar lipid bilayer approach. One of these lipids formed stable bilayers which could be polymerized using UV-illumination. The influence of the polymerization was studied in monolayers, lipid vesicles and planar bilayers. The stability of the lipid bilayer membranes was increased by polymerization. Thus, the lifetime of the membranes increased from about 1 h to 4–5 h or longer. Furthermore, the specific conductance of unmodified membranes and of carrier-mediated transport is reduced. The transport of lipophilic ions was investigated as a function of polymerization using t…

ChemistryMembrane lipidstechnology industry and agricultureBiophysicsBiological membraneGeneral MedicineModel lipid bilayerMembranePolymerizationMembrane fluidityBiophysicsOrganic chemistryLipid bilayer phase behaviorLipid bilayer
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