Search results for " Present"

Pathological role of IL-6 in the experimental allergic bronchial asthma in mice.

2005

Although allergic asthma was described to be associated with the presence of mucosal T helper (Th)2 cells, it is not entirely clear which factors are responsible for priming of T cells to differentiate into Th2 effector cells in this disease. Interleukin (IL)-6 has been recognized as important because it is secreted by cells of the innate immunity and induces the expansion of the Th2 effector cells, which are major players of the adaptive immune responses. Additionally, IL-6 released by dendritic cells (DCs) inhibits the suppressive function of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells, thus inhibiting the peripheral tolerance. The signal transduction of IL-6 has recently taught us how this cytokine inf…

Targeting p53, hdm2, and CD19: vaccination and immunologic strategies.

2000

Peptides presented by class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and derived from normal self-proteins that are expressed at elevated levels by cells from a variety of human (Hu) malignancies provide, in theory, potential target antigens for a broad-spectrum, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-based immunotherapy of cancer and hematologic malignancies. However, as such tumor- and leukemia-associated self-proteins are also expressed at low levels in some types of normal tissues, such as thymus, spleen and lymphohemopoietic cells, these self-MHC-self-peptide complexes may also represent thymic and/or peripheral tolerogens, thereby preventing immune responses. This is particularly true…

TAP off - tumors on

1997

Abstract The molecular characterization of T-cell-defined tumor-associated antigens has provided targets for cell-mediated immunotherapy for malignant diseases. The success of this strategy is negatively influenced by structural and functional abnormalities of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, which provide tumor cells with resistance to T-cell-mediated immune recognition. This article reviews the physiology of the MHC class I processing machinery and describes the deficiencies of this pathway in malignant cells.

2014

Viral CD8 T-cell epitopes, represented by viral peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) glycoproteins, are often identified by “reverse immunology”, a strategy not requiring biochemical and structural knowledge of the actual viral protein from which they are derived by antigen processing. Instead, bioinformatic algorithms predicting the probability of C-terminal cleavage in the proteasome, as well as binding affinity to the presenting MHC-I molecules, are applied to amino acid sequences deduced from predicted open reading frames (ORFs) based on the genomic sequence. If the protein corresponding to an antigenic ORF is known, it is usually inferred that the kinetic …

Proteasome-inhibited dendritic cells demonstrate improved presentation of exogenous synthetic and natural HLA-class I peptide epitopes.

2004

The design and successful clinical implementation of cancer vaccines targeting the induction of T-cell mediated immunity is a rapidly evolving field that is hampered by an empirical selection of antigen and adjuvant. In particular, vaccines using defined tumor-associated peptide epitopes elicit only a restricted T-cell repertoire in a minority of patients. In this regard, vaccines comprising the whole spectrum of antigens presented by individual autologous tumors would be advantageous. In an in vitro model, we evaluated the capacity of naturally processed Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-lymphoblastoid-cell line (LCL)-derived peptides to activate virus-specific CD8+ T cells of seropositive …

T cells can present antigens such as HIV gp120 targeted to their own surface molecules

1988

To trigger class II-restricted T cells, antigen presenting cells have to capture antigens, process them and display their fragments in association with class II molecules. In most species, activated T cells express class II molecules; however, no evidence has been found that these cells can present soluble antigens. This failure may be due to the inefficient capture, processing or display of antigens in a stimulatory form by T-cells. The capture of a soluble antigen, which is achieved by nonspecific mechanisms in macrophages and dendritic cells, can be up to 10(3) times more efficient in the presence of surface receptors, such as surface immunoglobulin on B cells that specifically bind anti…

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ranolazine on primary cultured astrocytes

2014

Because of its ability to block late INa [1], ranolazine is used as an antianginal agent for the treatment of chronic angina pectoris when angina is not adequately controlled by other agents [2]. Besides its cardiovascular effects, ranolazine improves different neuronal functions, and thus its use has been proposed for the treatment of pain and epileptic disorders [3,4]. Since astrocytes are involved in neuronal inflammatory processes, and autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases [5], we have investigated the antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects of ranolazine in primary cultured astrocytes.

El proyecto mapa escolar de Valencia: Análisis de la zonificación educativa de la ciudad de Valencia

2018

The research project Mapa Escolar de Valencia (School Map of Valencia) was born out of an agreement between the City Council and the University of Valencia in order to carry out an investigation of the compulsory education system of the city and propose, if necessary, modifications to the current school zoning. The project is structured in several research areas. An analysis of the specialized scientific literature and public policies concerning education and schooling has been done, and it is currently analysing the evolution of quantitative and qualitative data on compulsory schooling in Valencia, its school zoning, the representations of education and the school climate in the city schoo…

Aortic stiffness in patients with early sepsis

2014

Acute and chronic systemic inflammatory conditions are associated with aortic stiffening. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of aortic stiffness, increases in patients with inflammatory diseases and independently correlates to levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). The effects of massive inflammatory response in early sepsis on mechanical properties of the aorta have not been investigated. The objective of the current study was to prospectively assess aortic stiffness in patients with early severe sepsis and septic shock and relate it to inflammatory and haemodynamic variables and outcome.

La didactique clinique comme mode d'accès aux savoirs des enseignants en ÉPS : le cas de l'enseignement du judo

2017

Este estudio exploratorio y comprensivo destaca los saberes personales de los docentes transmitidos durante el EPS. La investigación presenta tres viñetas didácticas clínicas de los docentes especialistas en judo. Los resultados muestran que estos saberes personales se construyeron durante la práctica de este deporte cuando estos docentes eran jóvenes practicantes. Se destaca el papel de lo que «se encuentra presente por la experiencia» («déjà-là expérientiel») y de los efectos en las concepciones de los docentes, en relación con el conocimiento personal de estos. Teniendo en cuenta los efectos decisivos de «lo experiencial y conceptual», proponemos algunas líneas de trabajo para la formaci…