Search results for " Standard error"

showing 10 items of 18 documents

Experimental conditions for respiration and growth studies of F0 and F1 larval and juvenile European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax

2022

Water parameters in the 2 years before spawning of F0 (08.02.2016-06.03.2018) and during larval and juvenile phase of F1: Larval period until 17.05.2018 (48 dph, 900 dd) and 01.06.2018 (63 dph, ~900 dd) for warm and cold life condition respectively, for the juveniles until 28.09.2018 (180 dph, ~4000 dd) and 12.02.2019 (319 dph, ~5100 dd) for warm and cold conditioned fish respectively. Means ± s.e. over all replicate tanks per condition. Temperature (Temp.), pH (free scale), salinity, oxygen and total alkalinity (TA) were measured weekly in F1 and monthly in F0; sea water (SW) measurements were conducted in 2017 and 2018. Water parameters during larval and early juvenile phase of F0: Larval…

Calculated by CO2sys_xls_program Lewis and WallaceSalinityAlkalinityLife stageType of studyTemperature waterGermanyCalculatedAlkalinity totalSalinity standard errortotallarval growthteleostexperiment2006pH2007 with purified m cresol purpleOcean acidificationMeasured spectrophotometrically Dickson et alTemperatureWeilheimPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errorSilicatedissolvedLaboratory experimentSEAL AA3 segmented flow autoanalyzerSilicate standard errorstandard errorMultiprobeEarth System ResearchWTW 340imetabolic rateswaterGenerationOxygen dissolvedMultiprobe WTW 340iPhosphateocean warmingAlkalinity total standard errorjuvenile growthCarbon dioxide (water) partial pressurepH meter (WTW 3110) with electrode (WTW Sentix 41)DATE TIMEWTW Oxi 340i probeTemperature water standard errorCarbon dioxide water partial pressurepH standard errorXylem Analytics GermanySalinometer (WTW LF325 Xylem Analytics Germany Weilheim Germany)Calculated by CO2sys_xls_program (Lewis and Wallace 2006)OxygenTreatmentDATE/TIMEPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airSalinometer WTW LF325Oxygen dissolved standard errorMeasured spectrophotometrically (Dickson et al. 2007) with purified m-cresol purplepH meter WTW 3110 with electrode WTW Sentix 41Phosphate standard error
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Functional consequences of prey acclimation to ocean acidification for the prey and its predator

2016

Ocean acidification is the suite of chemical changes to the carbonate system of seawater as a consequence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Despite a growing body of evidences demonstrating the negative effects of ocean acidification on marine species, the consequences at the ecosystem level are still unclear. One factor limiting our ability to upscale from species to ecosystem is the poor mechanistic understanding of the functional consequences of the observed effects on organisms. This is particularly true in the context of species interactions. The aim of this work was to investigate the functional consequence of the exposure of a prey (the mussel Brachidontes pharaonis) t…

Condition indexRegistration number of speciesSalinityTemperateBottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L)inorganicAlkalinityBrachidontes pharaonisIncubation durationExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedAssimilation efficiencyEriphia verrucosaBreaking loadCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totalBottles or small containers Aquaria 20 LtotalpHTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedCarbonate ionLaboratory experimentPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)standard errorEarth System ResearchUniform resource locator link to referenceanimal structuresCalcite saturation stateArthropodaLengthwaterGrowth MorphologyFigureBenthosUniform resource locator/link to referenceMediterranean SeaAnimaliaBehaviourBicarbonate ionTime in secondsTypeTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciespH standard errorCalcite saturation state standard errorGrowth rateBottles or small containers/Aquaria (&lt;20 L)Calculated using CO2SYSfungiCarbonate system computation flagFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonTreatmentAragonite saturation state standard errorPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideMolluscaGrowth/MorphologyBenthic animalsFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelfSpecies interaction
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Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Rollouts and Their Effects on Health Outcomes

2022

Background Vaccination against the coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) is understood to be the key way out of the COVID-19 pandemic. Limited evidence exists on the determinants of vaccine rollouts and their health effects at the country level. Objective Examine the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine rollouts and their effects on health outcomes. Methods Ordinary least squares regressions with standard errors clustered at the country level for Cross-section and Panel daily data of vaccinations and various health outcomes (new COVID-19 cases, fatalities, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions) for an unbalanced sample of about 200 countries during the period 16 December 2020 to 20 June 2021. Results…

Economics and Econometricsand (iii) COVID-19 cases in neighboring countries can lead to an increase in a country's domestic caseload and hamper efforts in taming its own local outbreak. Conclusions: By providing an early broad overview of the quantitative empirical estimates of the determinants of vaccine rollouts and the effects of COVID-19 vaccines our paper can help policymakers make informed decisions about local and global distributions of vaccines as well as related policy tools such as containment measure.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)business.industryHealth PolicyNational accountsOutbreakGeneral Medicine(ii) vaccine deployment significantly reduces new COVID-19 infections Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions and fatalities and is more effective when coupled with stringent containment measures or when a country is experiencing a large outbreakVaccination against the coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) is understood to be the key way out of the COVID-19 pandemic. Limited evidence exists on the determinants of vaccine rollouts and their health effects at the country level. Objective: Examine the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine rollouts and their effects on health outcomes. Methods: Ordinary least squares regressions with standard errors clustered at the country level for Cross-section and Panel daily data of vaccinations and various health outcomes (new COVID-19 cases fatalities intensive care unit (ICU) admissions) for an unbalanced sample of about 200 countries during the period 16 December 2020 to 20 June 2021. Results: We find evidence that: (i) early vaccine procurement domestic production of vaccines the severity of the pandemic a country's health infrastructure and vaccine acceptance are significant determinants of the speed of vaccination rolloutHealth outcomesIntensive care unitlaw.inventionVaccinationProcurementlawEnvironmental healthPandemicGeneral Earth and Planetary SciencesMedicinebusinessGeneral Environmental ScienceIMF Working Papers
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Ocean acidification affects fish spawning but not paternity at CO2 seeps

2016

Fish exhibit impaired sensory function and altered behaviour at levels of ocean acidification expected to occur owing to anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions during this century. We provide the first evidence of the effects of ocean acidification on reproductive behaviour of fish in the wild. Satellite and sneaker male ocellated wrasse (Symphodus ocellatus) compete to fertilize eggs guarded by dominant nesting males. Key mating behaviours such as dominant male courtship and nest defence did not differ between sites with ambient versus elevated CO2 concentrations. Dominant males did, however, experience significantly lower rates of pair spawning at elevated CO2 levels. Despite the higher r…

Eggs standard errorOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateRegistration number of speciesIdentificationSalinityEggsinorganicAlkalinityExperimentNumber standard errorDominant male paternityTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedNumber of individualsCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Number of spawning events standard errorAragonite saturation stateFish standard lengthChordataAlkalinity totalSalinity standard errortotalCO2 ventReplicatesCourtship standard errorpHPelagosReproductionSymphodus ocellatusTemperatureNumberPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)standard errorIndividuals standard errorEarth System ResearchField observationFOS: Medical biotechnologyUniform resource locator link to referencePotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation stateLocationPotentiometricwaterNumber of spawning eventsAgeUniform resource locator/link to referenceOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaAnimaliaEggs areaBehaviourTypeBicarbonate ionNektonEggs area standard errorTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciespH standard errorWet massDominant male paternity standard errorCalculated using CO2SYSEvent labelIndividualsCourtshipCarbonate system computation flagstandard lengthFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonTreatmentPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airFishCarbon dioxideSingle speciesFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelf
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Seawater carbonate chemistry and shell mineralogy, microstructure, and mechanical strength of four Mediterranean gastropod species near a CO2 seep

2017

Marine CO2 seeps allow the study of the long-term effects of elevated pCO2 (ocean acidification) on marine invertebrate biomineralization. We investigated the effects of ocean acidification on shell composition and structure in four ecologically important species of Mediterranean gastropods (two limpets, a top-shell snail, and a whelk). Individuals were sampled from three sites near a volcanic CO2 seep off Vulcano Island, Italy. The three sites represented ambient (8.15 pH), moderate (8.03 pH) and low (7.73 pH) seawater mean pH. Shell mineralogy, microstructure, and mechanical strength were examined in all four species. We found that the calcite/aragonite ratio could vary and increased sign…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)IdentificationRegistration number of speciesSalinityTemperateinorganicAlkalinityExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totalSalinity standard errorPatella caeruleatotalCO2 ventpHCalciteTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)standard errorEarth System ResearchField observationUniform resource locator link to referencePotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation stateLengthLocationPotentiometricwaterGrowth MorphologyHexaplex trunculusAlkalinity total standard errorBenthosUniform resource locator/link to referenceOsilinus turbinatusOther studied parameter or processMediterranean SeaOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCAnimaliaBicarbonate ionTypeTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)ForceSpeciespH standard errorCalculated using CO2SYSCarbonate system computation flagFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonElasticityTreatmentAragonite saturation state standard errorPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airAragoniteCarbon dioxideMolluscaGrowth/MorphologySingle speciesBenthic animalsFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airPatella rusticaToughnessCoast and continental shelf
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Seawater carbonate chemistry and biogenic habitat shifts under long-term ocean acidification

2023

Experiments have shown that increasing dissolved CO2 concentrations (i.e. Ocean Acidification, OA) in marine ecosystems may act as nutrient for primary producers (e.g. fleshy algae) or a stressor for calcifying species (e.g., coralline algae, corals, molluscs). For the first time, rapid habitat dominance shifts and altered competitive replacement from a reef-forming to a non-reef-forming biogenic habitat were documented over one-year exposure to low pH/high CO2 through a transplant experiment off Vulcano Island CO2 seeps (NE Sicily, Italy). Ocean acidification decreased vermetid reefs complexity via a reduction in the reef-building species density, boosted canopy macroalgae and led to chang…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)IdentificationSalinityTemperateCommunity composition and diversityinorganicAlkalinityDensityType of studyExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedAbundanceCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totalSalinity standard errortotalCO2 ventpHTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Field experimentstandard errorEarth System ResearchPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation stateCoveragePotentiometricwaterSiteRocky-shore communityAlkalinity total standard errorBenthosReplicateMediterranean SeaOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCBicarbonate ionTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)pH standard errorCalculated using CO2SYSCarbonate system computation flagComplexityFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonBiomass/Abundance/Elemental compositionAragonite saturation state standard errorPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideEntire communityRocky shore communityFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airBiomass Abundance Elemental compositionCoast and continental shelfSpecies richness
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Insights fromsodium into the impacts of elevated pCO2 and temperature on bivalve shell formation

2017

Ocean acidification and warming are predicted to affect the ability of marine bivalves to build their shells, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Shell formation is an extremely complex process requiring a detailed understanding of biomineralization processes. Sodium incorporation into the shells would increase if bivalves rely on the exchange of Na+/H+ to maintain homeostasis for shell formation, thereby shedding new light on the acid-base and ionic regulation at the calcifying front. Here, we investigated the combined effects of seawater pH (8.1, 7.7 and 7.4) and temperature (16 and 22 °C) on the growth and sodium composition of the shells of the blue mussel, Mytilus edul…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)Registration number of speciesSalinityTemperateMytilus edulisinorganicAlkalinityGrowth rate standard deviationSodium/Calcium ratioExperimentPatinopecten yessoensisTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateNorth PacificAlkalinity totalSalinity standard errortotalSodium Calcium ratiopHTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedCarbonate ionLaboratory experimentPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)standard errorContainers and aquaria 20 1000 L or 1 m 2Earth System ResearchContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or &lt; 1 m**2)standard deviationUniform resource locator link to referenceCalcification/DissolutionPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation statewaterGrowth MorphologyContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2)Alkalinity total standard errorBenthosUniform resource locator/link to referenceOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCAnimaliaBicarbonate ionTypeTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciespH standard errorGrowth rateCalculated using CO2SYSEvent labelCarbonate system computation flagFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonTreatmentPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideMolluscaGrowth/MorphologySingle speciesCalcification DissolutionBenthic animalsFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelf
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Sodium provides unique insights into transgenerational effects of ocean acidification on bivalve shell formation

2016

Ocean acidification is likely to have profound impacts on marine bivalves, especially on their early life stages. Therefore, it is imperative to know whether and to what extent bivalves will be able to acclimate or adapt to an acidifying ocean over multiple generations. Here, we show that reduced seawater pH projected for the end of this century (i.e., pH 7.7) led to a significant decrease of shell production of newly settled juvenile Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum. However, juveniles from parents exposed to low pH grew significantly faster than those from parents grown at ambient pH, exhibiting a rapid transgenerational acclimation to an acidic environment. The sodium composition of…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)Registration number of speciesSalinityTemperateinorganicAlkalinitySodium/Calcium ratioExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedRuditapes philippinarumCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateNorth PacificAlkalinity totalSalinity standard errortotalSodium Calcium ratiopHTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedAcid base regulationCarbonate ionLaboratory experimentPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)standard errorContainers and aquaria 20 1000 L or 1 m 2Earth System ResearchContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or &lt; 1 m**2)Uniform resource locator link to referenceCalcite saturation statewaterGrowth MorphologyContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2)Alkalinity total standard errorBenthosUniform resource locator/link to referenceOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCAnimaliaBicarbonate ionTypeTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciespH standard errorGrowth rateCarbonate system computation flagAcid-base regulationFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonTreatmentAragonite saturation state standard errorPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideSample IDMolluscaGrowth/MorphologySingle speciesBenthic animalsFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelf
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Ocean acidification impairs vermetid reef recruitment

2014

Vermetids form reefs in sub-tropical and warm-temperate waters that protect coasts from erosion, regulate sediment transport and accumulation, serve as carbon sinks and provide habitat for other species. The gastropods that form these reefs brood encapsulated larvae; they are threatened by rapid environmental changes since their ability to disperse is very limited. We used transplant experiments along a natural CO2 gradient to assess ocean acidification effects on the reef-building gastropod Dendropoma petraeum. We found that although D. petraeum were able to reproduce and brood at elevated levels of CO2, recruitment success was adversely affected. Long-term exposure to acidified conditions…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)SalinityTemperateSurvivalAbundance per areainorganicAlkalinityIncubation durationExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedNeogoniolithon brassica-floridaCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totalSalinity standard errortotalCO2 ventMortality SurvivalpHReproductionTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errorStrontium/Calcium ratiodissolvedMagnesium/Calcium ratioCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Field experimentstandard errorEarth System ResearchRecruitmentMortality/SurvivalFOS: Medical biotechnologygeographic locationsPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation stateCoveragePotentiometricwaterSiteGrowth MorphologyFigureAlkalinity total standard errorBenthosReplicateMediterranean SeaOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCAnimaliaBicarbonate ionNeogoniolithon brassica floridaLONGITUDETemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciespH standard errorCalculated using CO2SYSfungiCarbonate system computation flagFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonAragonite saturation state standard errorPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideMolluscaGrowth/MorphologySingle speciesLATITUDEBenthic animalsFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airMagnesium Calcium ratioCoast and continental shelfDendropoma petraeumStrontium Calcium ratio
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Seawater carbonate chemistry and carbon sources of mussel shell carbonate

2018

Ocean acidification and warming is widely reported to affect the ability of marine bivalves to calcify, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In particular, the response of their calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry to changing seawater carbonate chemistry remains poorly understood. The present study deciphers sources of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the calcifying fluid of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) reared at two pH (8.1 and 7.7) and temperature (16 and 22 °C) levels for five weeks. Stable carbon isotopic ratios of seawater DIC, mussel soft tissues and shells were measured to determine the relative contribution of seawater DIC and metabolically generated carb…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateRegistration number of speciesSalinityMytilus edulisinorganicAlkalinityExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedhemic and lymphatic diseasesCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010PercentageAragonite saturation stateNorth Pacificδ13C dissolved inorganic carbon standard deviationAlkalinity totalSalinity standard errortotalpHTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedLaboratory experimentCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)standard errorContainers and aquaria 20 1000 L or 1 m 2δ13C dissolved inorganic carbonEarth System Researchδ13CContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or &lt; 1 m**2)standard deviationUniform resource locator link to referencecirculatory and respiratory physiologyCalcite saturation statewaterContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2)BenthosAlkalinity total standard errorUniform resource locator/link to referenceOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCAnimaliaTypeBicarbonate ionTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciespH standard errorCalcite saturation state standard errorCarbonate system computation flagdissolved inorganic carbonFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonBiomass/Abundance/Elemental compositionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideMolluscaSingle speciesFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airBenthic animalsδ13C standard deviationBiomass Abundance Elemental compositionCoast and continental shelf
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