Search results for " infectious disease"

showing 10 items of 167 documents

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in a level III neonatal intensive care unit: Incidence and risk factors

2015

Objective: To describe epidemiologic features and identify risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) acquisition in a level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Setting: A prospective, cohort study in a university-affiliated NICU with an infection control program including weekly nasal cultures of all neonates. Methods: Demographic, clinical, and microbiologic data were prospectively collected between June 2009 and June 2013. Molecular characterization of MRSA isolates was done by multilocus variable number tandem repeat fingerprinting, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec typing, and on representative isolates by multilocus sequence typing and s. pa typing. …

MaleMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusColonization pressurePediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyNeonatal intensive care unitGenotypeEpidemiologyInfection controlInfectious DiseaseActive surveillancemedicine.disease_causeCohort StudiesHospitals UniversityRisk FactorsIntensive Care Units NeonatalEpidemiologymedicineInfection controlHumansTypingProspective StudiesMolecular EpidemiologyActive surveillance; Colonization pressure; Infection control; Infectious Diseases; Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health; Epidemiology; Health Policybusiness.industryIncidenceHealth PolicyInfant NewbornPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthStaphylococcal InfectionsMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusMolecular TypingVariable number tandem repeatNasal MucosaInfectious DiseasesStaphylococcus aureusCarrier StateMultilocus sequence typingFemalebusiness

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Declining Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Antiretroviral Treatment-exposed Individuals in Western Europe

2013

HIV-1 drug resistance represents a major obstacle to infection and disease control. This retrospective study analyzes trends and determinants of resistance in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-exposed individuals across 7 countries in Europe. Of 20 323 cases, 80% carried at least one resistance mutation: these declined from 81% in 1997 to 71% in 2008. Predicted extensive 3-class resistance was rare (3.2% considering the cumulative genotype) and peaked at 4.5% in 2005, decreasing thereafter. The proportion of cases exhausting available drug options dropped from 32% in 2000 to 1% in 2008. Reduced risk of resistance over calendar years was confirmed by multivariable analysis. © 2013 The Author.

MaleMultivariate analysisDatabases FactualDrug ResistanceHIV InfectionsDrug resistance0302 clinical medicineRetrospective StudieRisk FactorsEpidemiologyGenotypepol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency ViruOdds RatioPrevalenceImmunology and AllergyHIV Infection030212 general & internal medicinepol Gene ProductsViralMultivariate Analysimedia_common0303 health sciencesDrug Resistance Prevalence HIV-1Middle AgedResistance mutation3. Good healthReverse Transcriptase InhibitorEuropeInfectious DiseasesReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsepidemiologyFemaleMultipleHuman Immunodeficiency VirusHumanDrugAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyGenotypeEvolutionmedia_common.quotation_subjectSexual Behaviorantiretroviral therapyInfectious DiseaseBiologySettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVEEvolution Molecular03 medical and health sciencesDatabasesSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingDrug Resistance Multiple ViralmedicineHumansHIV Protease InhibitorFactualRetrospective Studies030306 microbiologyRisk FactorMolecularRetrospective cohort studyOdds ratioHIV Protease InhibitorsCD4 Lymphocyte Countantiretroviral therapy; drug resistance; epidemiology; genotyping; HIV-1; Adult; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Databases Factual; Europe; Evolution Molecular; Female; Genotype; HIV Infections; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Mutation; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Risk Factors; Sexual Behavior; pol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Drug Resistance Multiple Viral; Immunology and Allergy; Infectious Diseasesgenotypingpol Gene Products Human Immunodeficiency VirusImmunologyMultivariate AnalysisMutationHIV-1DemographyJournal of Infectious Diseases

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Scalp eschar and neck lymphadenopathy caused by Rickettsia massiliae

2013

To the Editor: Scalp eschar and neck lymphadenopathy is a common clinical entity that most frequently affects women and children during spring and fall. It is usually caused by Rickettsia slovaca and R. raoultii. Typical clinical signs are a scalp lesion at the tick bite site and regional, often painful, lymphadenopathy. Acute disease can be followed by residual alopecia at the bite site (1,2). Two designations have been proposed for this syndrome: tick-borne lymphadenopathy and Dermacentor-borne necrosis-erythema-lymphadenopathy (both have been associated with R. slovaca); however, the most generic and all-inclusive term is scalp eschar and neck lymphadenopathy. R. massiliae belongs to the…

MalePathologyLetterEpidemiologylcsh:MedicineSerologyMedicineRickettsiaRickettsia massiliaebacteriafeverbiologyRickettsia InfectiontickInfectious Diseasesmedicine.anatomical_structuremedicine.symptomDermacentorHumanDNA BacterialMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentSettore MED/17 - Malattie InfettiveMolecular Sequence DataInfectious DiseaseEscharTicklcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseasesCicatrixBacterial Typing Techniquelymphadenopathylcsh:RC109-216Rickettsia; Rickettsia massiliae; bacteria; eschar; fever; lymphadenopathy; scalp eschar and neck lymphadenopathy; tick; Adolescent; Alopecia; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Sequence; Cicatrix; DNA Bacterial; Dermacentor; Humans; Lymphatic Diseases; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Rickettsia; Rickettsia Infections; Scalp; Microbiology (medical); Infectious Diseases; EpidemiologyLetters to the EditorDermacentorRickettsia massiliaeScalpScalp EscharBase Sequencebusiness.industryAnimallcsh:RRickettsia massiliae; Scalp Eschar; LymphadenopathyAlopeciascalp eschar and neck lymphadenopathybiology.organism_classificationSpotted feverRickettsiaScalpLymphatic Diseasebusinesseschar

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Epidemiological profile of 806 Italian children with hepatitis C virus infection over a 15-year period

2007

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The natural course of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in children is not well understood. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term course of CHC in a large sample of otherwise healthy children. METHODS: From 1990 to 2005, 504 consecutive antihepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive children were enrolled at 12 centers of a national observatory and were followed up retrospectively/prospectively. RESULTS: Putative exposure was perinatal in 283 (56.2%) cases, parenteral in 158 (31.3%), and unknown in 63 (12.5%). At baseline, 477 (94.6%) cases were HCV RNA seropositive, 118 (24.7%) of which were treated with standard interferon alpha. Ten years after putative exposure, the out…

MalePediatricsEpidemiologyInfectious Disease TransmissionCHILDRENHepacivirusmedicine.disease_causeGENOTYPES HCVRisk FactorsEpidemiologyPrevalenceVerticalChronicYoung adultChildHCV infection in childrenbiologyHepatitis C virus (HCV)Hepatitis CANTI-HCVHepatitis CItalyChild PreschoolHCVFemaleViral diseaseAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyEpidemiology of HCV infectionGenotypepediatricsHepatitis C virusSocio-culturaleEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFlaviviridaeHCV vertical transmissionmedicineHumansBlood TransfusionSex DistributionPreschoolRetrospective StudiesEpidemiology of HCV infection; HCV infection in children; HCV vertical transmission; Hepatitis C virus (HCV); Adult; Blood Transfusion; Child; Child Preschool; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Genotype; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C Antibodies; Hepatitis C Chronic; Humans; Infant; Infectious Disease Transmission Vertical; Italy; Male; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution; HepatologyHepatologybusiness.industryHIVInfantRetrospective cohort studyHepatitis C AntibodiesHepatitis C Chronicmedicine.diseasebiology.organism_classificationHEPATITIS HCVInfectious Disease Transmission VerticalEl NiñoImmunologybusiness

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Burden and viral aetiology of influenza-like illness and acute respiratory infection in intensive care units

2015

The purpose of this investigation was to study the viral aetiology of influenza-like illness (ILI) and acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) among patients requiring intensive care unit admission. A cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out in Sicily over a 4-year period. A total of 233 respiratory samples of patients with ILI/ARTI admitted to intensive care units were molecularly analyzed for the detection of a comprehensive panel of aetiologic agents of viral respiratory infections. About 45% of patients was positive for at least one pathogen. Single aetiology occurred in 75.2% of infected patients, while polymicrobial infection was found in 24.8% of positive subjects. Influe…

MalePediatricsSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicatalaw.invention0302 clinical medicinelawInfluenza-like illness030212 general & internal medicineChildSicilyRespiratory Tract InfectionsAcute respiratory tract infectionAged 80 and overIntensive care unitsRespiratory tract infectionsCoinfectionMortality rateAge FactorsRespiratory infectionMiddle AgedIntensive care unitCo-infectionCo-infection; Influenza-like illness; Intensive care units; Italy; Sicily; Viral infection; Microbiology; Immunology; Infectious DiseasesInfectious DiseasesItalyVirus DiseasesChild PreschoolCoinfectionFemaleAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentImmunologyMicrobiologyArticleYoung Adult03 medical and health sciencesIntensive caremedicineHumansIntensive care unitRetrospective StudiesInfluenza-like illneInfluenza-like illnessbusiness.industryInfant NewbornInfantmedicine.diseaseSurvival AnalysisCross-Sectional Studies030228 respiratory systemViral infectionbusinessMicrobes and Infection

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Strategies and actions of multi-purpose health communication on vaccine preventable infectious diseases in order to increase vaccination coverage in …

2017

The ESCULAPIO Project aims at increasing awareness on vaccine preventable infectious diseases (VPID) and vaccinations in different target populations and to spread the culture of prevention. Information/training interventions on VPID have been developed and health promotion activities for the general population, students and their parents, teachers and health care workers (HCWs) were set up. In Tuscany, educational courses on VPID in high schools were organized and students were stimulated to prepare informative materials on VPID for lower grade school pupils. In Liguria, an educational card game (named 'Vaccine at the Fair') was presented to children of primary schools. Stands in shopping …

MalePediatricsVaccination schedulePsychological interventionSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicataawareness; communication; general population; health care workers; infectious diseases; students; vaccination coverage; vaccineinfectious diseasesgeneral population0302 clinical medicinevaccineHealth careImmunology and Allergyawareness030212 general & internal medicineeducation.field_of_studyVaccinesvaccination coverageSchoolsstudentscommunicationVaccinationResearch PapersVaccinationItalyOrder (business)Femalemedicine.medical_specialtystudentAdolescentinfectious disease030231 tropical medicineImmunologyPopulationeducationawarenehealth care workers03 medical and health sciencesYoung AdultmedicineDisease Transmission InfectiousHumanseducationHealth communicationPharmacologybusiness.industryHealth promotionHealth Communicationhealth care workerFamily medicinebusinessHuman vaccinesimmunotherapeutics

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Fermented Milk Consumption and Common Infections in Children Attending Day-Care Centers: A Randomized Trial

2016

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text

MalePediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyLactobacillus caseiCultured Milk ProductsDay careCommunicable Diseaseslaw.invention03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineDouble-Blind MethodRandomized controlled trialrespiratory infectionlaw030225 pediatricsLactobacillus casei CNCM I-1518Cultured Milk ProductsmedicineAnimalsHumans030212 general & internal medicineChildbiologybusiness.industryIncidenceProbioticsIncidence (epidemiology)rhinopharyngitisOriginal Articles: NutritionGastroenterologyfood and beveragesChild Day Care Centersbiology.organism_classificationClinical trialLacticaseibacillus caseiMilkMulticenter studyCommon infectious diseasesChild PreschoolFermentationPediatrics Perinatology and Child HealthComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSINGFemalebusinessLactobacillus caseigastrointestinal infectionJournal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition

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Assessment of humoral and cell-mediated immunity against Bordetella pertussis in adolescent, adult, and senior subjects in Italy

2008

SUMMARYHumoral and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) againstB. pertussiswas assessed in a sample of adolescent, adult and senior subjects distributed in five different geographical areas in Italy. Most (99·1%) subjects had IgG anti-pertussis toxin (PT) antibodies exceeding the minimum detection level [⩾2 ELISA units (EU)/ml]. There were no significant differences between the genders; 6·2% samples recorded titres ⩾100 EU/ml. CMI was positive [stimulation index (SI) ⩾5] against PT in 39·0% of all samples. This study suggests thatB. pertussiscontinues to circulate in age groups that have been previously considered to be uninvolved in the circulation of this pathogen and that adolescent and adult pe…

MaleSettore MED/07 - Microbiologia E Microbiologia ClinicaCellular immunityBordetella pertussisEpidemiologyWhooping CoughBordetella pertussisSeroepidemiologic StudiesEpidemiology80 and overLymphocytesAged 80 and overeducation.field_of_studybiologyadultBacterialMiddle AgedOriginal PapersAntibodies BacterialseniorInfectious DiseasesB. pertussis Humoral and cell-mediated immunity ELISAItalyFemaleAntibodyAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyBordetella pertussiAdolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged 80 and over; Antibodies Bacterial; Antitoxins; Bordetella pertussis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Italy; Lymphocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Whooping Cough; Epidemiology; Infectious DiseasesAdolescentPopulationEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayAntibodiesNOImmunitymedicineHumanseducationimmunità cellulo mediataAgedbusiness.industrybiology.organism_classificationadolescentImmunoglobulin GHumoral immunityImmunologyEtiologybiology.proteinimmunità umoraleAntitoxinsbusiness

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Undetectable HCV-RNA at treatment-week 8 results in high-sustained virological response in HCV G1 treatment-experienced patients with advanced liver …

2015

In many countries, first-generation protease inhibitors (PIs)/peginterferon/ribavirin (P/R) still represent the only treatment option for HCV-infected patients. Subjects with advanced disease and previous failure to P/R urgently need therapy, but they are under-represented in clinical trials. All treatment-experienced F3/4 Metavir patients who received boceprevir (BOC)+P/R in the Italian-Spanish Name Patient Program have been included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis (MLR) was used to identify baseline and on-treatment predictors of SVR and adverse events (AEs). Four hundred and sixteen patients, mean age 57.7 (range 25-78 years), 70% males, 69.5% (289/416) F4, 14% (…

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Influence of universal HBV vaccination on chronic HBV infection in Italy: Results of a cross-sectional multicenter study

2017

Background and Aim The universal hepatitis B vaccination for infants and 12-year-old adolescents (the latter limited to the first 12 years of application) was launched in Italy in 1991. Twenty-three years later we evaluated the impact of the vaccination campaign on the burden of HBsAg-positive chronic liver diseases (CLD). Material and Methods 513 HBsAg-positive chronic carriers referring to 16 Italian liver units were investigated and compared with HBsAg carriers enrolled in previous surveys. Results The proportion of inactive carriers decreased from 20.0% in 2001 to 3.3% in 2014, while that of cirrhotic patients increased from 22.6 to 33.2%. Regarding the age class 0–33 (fully covered by …

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