Search results for "BIP"
showing 10 items of 1908 documents
Comparing Surface and Fine-Wire Electromyography Activity of Lower Leg Muscles at Different Walking Speeds.
2019
Ankle plantar flexor muscles are active in the stance phase of walking to propel the body forward. Increasing walking speed requires increased plantar flexor excitation, frequently assessed using surface electromyography (EMG). Despite its popularity, validity of surface EMG applied on shank muscles is mostly unclear. Thus, we examined the agreement between surface and intramuscular EMG at a range of walking speeds. Ten participants walked overground at slow, preferred, fast, and maximum walking speeds (1.01 ± 0.13, 1.43 ± 0.19, 1.84 ± 0.23, and 2.20 ± 0.38 m s–1, respectively) while surface and fine-wire EMG activities of flexor hallucis longus (FHL), soleus (SOL), medial gastrocnemius (MG…
High-Frequency Experimental Characterization and Modeling of Six Pack IGBTs Power Modules
2016
In this paper, a method to characterize the high-frequency (HF) behavior of six pack insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) power module (PM) is presented. The method is based on experimental measurements at the external pins of the device and it allows one to extract internal inductive and capacitive parasitic coupling without the knowledge of structural and physical parameters of the PM. The HF model of a six pack IGBTs PM has been developed, in the frequency range of 150 kHz-30 MHz, and it has been implemented in MATLAB environment. The method has been experimentally validated by comparing the frequency behavior of the PM with the simulated response. Moreover, the HF conducted distur…
A tabu search algorithm for the bipartite drawing problem
1998
Graphs are used to represent reality in several areas of knowledge. This has generated considerable interest in graph drawing algorithms. Arc crossing minimization is a fundamental aesthetic criterion to obtain a readable map of a graph. The problem of minimizing the number of arc crossings in a bipartite graph (BDP) is NP-complete. In this paper we present a Tabu Search (TS) scheme for the BDP. Several algorithms can be obtained with this scheme by implementing different evaluators in the move definitions. In this paper we propose two variants. Computational results are reported on a set of 300 randomly generated test problems. The two algorithms have been compared with the best heuristics…
Adaptive memory programming for the dynamic bipartite drawing problem
2020
Abstract The bipartite drawing problem is a well-known NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem with numerous applications. The aim is to minimize the number of edge crossings in a two-layer graph, in which the edges are drawn as straight lines. We consider the dynamic variant of this problem, called the dynamic bipartite drawing problem (DBDP), which consists of adding (resp. or removing) vertices and edges to (resp. or from) a given bipartite drawing, thereby obtaining a new drawing with a layout similar to that of the original drawing. To solve this problem, we propose a tabu search method that incorporates adaptive memory to search the solution space efficiently. In this study, we com…
The first authenticated example of triorganotin(IV) perchlorate complexes of some heterocyclic bases
1993
Abstract A convenient method is reported for the synthesis of some novel complexes of composition (R 3 SnL 2 ) ClO 4 where L represents pyridine, γ-picoline, 2,2′-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline; and R n Bu or Ph. All of the new ionic complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, infrared, multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H, 13 C and 119 Sn) and 119 Sn Mossbauer spectroscopies. The complexes of composition (R 3 SnL 2 )ClO 4 exist both in solution and in the solid state with trans -trigonal bipyramidal structure where the R-groups occupy the equatorial positions while the ligands are in the axial position.
Complexes of organometallic compounds
1974
Abstract Novel complexes RClSntrid, where R is Me, Ph, n-Oct, and trid 2− are dianions of tridentate “planar” ligands with ONO and SNO donor atoms, were synthesized and investigated in the solid state by infrared and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Possible configurations are discussed; polymeric trigonal bipyramidal structures seem to occur, although five-coordinated monomers as well as octahedral dimers (via oxygen or sulfur bridges) are not excluded.
2-(1-Aryliminoethyl)-9-arylimino-5,6,7,8- tetrahydrocycloheptapyridyl iron(II) dichloride: synthesis, characterization, and the highly active and tun…
2014
A series of 2-(1-arylimino)ethyl-9-arylimino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrocycloheptapyridine derivatives was synthesized and fully characterized, and thereafter reacted with iron dichloride to form their corresponding iron(II) complexes. The single crystals of representative organic and iron complex compounds were obtained and analyzed by the X-ray diffraction analysis, indicating the distorted bipyramidal geometry around the iron core. Moreover, DFT calculations were performed on selected species to determine their structural features. On treatment with either MAO or MMAO, all iron complex pre-catalysts showed high activities (up to 1.56 × 10(7) gPE mol(-1)(Fe) h(-1)) toward ethylene polymerization. …
Complexes of organometallic compounds
1971
Abstract A number of novel compounds of dimethyllead(IV) and diphenyllead(IV) moieties with ligands having a rigid geometry when coordinating, have been prepared and characterized. The goal of the work was the building of model molecules for five-coordinated R 2 Pb IV , with known configuration of the CPbC skeleton. From spectroscopic data it is inferred that the complexes under investigation have a distorted bipyramidal trigonal structure, with the CPbC moiety allocated in the trigonal plane.
Magneto-structural studies on heterobimetallic malonate-bridged M(II)Re(IV) complexes (M = Mn, Co, Ni and Cu).
2010
The mononuclear Re(IV) compound of formula (PPh(4))(2)[ReBr(4)(mal)] (1) was used as a ligand to obtain the heterobimetallic species [ReBr(4)(μ-mal)Co(dmphen)(2)]· MeCN (2), [ReBr(4)(μ-mal)Ni(dmphen)(2)] (3), [ReBr(4)(μ-mal)Mn(dmphen)(2)] (4a), [ReBr(4)(μ-mal)Mn(dmphen)(H(2)O)(2)]·dmphen·MeCN·H(2)O (4b), [ReBr(4)(μ-mal)Cu(phen)(2)]·1/4H(2)O (5) and [ReBr(4)(μ-mal)Cu(bipy)(2)] (6) (mal = malonate dianion, dmphen = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine). The structures of 2 and 5 (single-crystal X-ray diffraction) are made up of neutral [ReBr(4)(μ-mal)M(AA)] dinuclear units [AA = dmphen with M = Co (2) and AA = phen with M = Cu (5)] where the …
Über Zinn‐haltige Heterocyclen, IV 1) 5,5‐Diphenyl‐1,4,6,5‐oxadithiastannocan, Fixierung eines konformativen Übergangszustandes in der Kristallstrukt…
1981
Die Titelverbindung 1f wurde durch Reaktion von Ph2SnCl2 mit dem Dinatriumsalz des Bis(2-mercaptoethyl)ethers gewonnen. Die Kristallstruktur wurde bestimmt und bis R = 0.054 verfeinert. Die Konformation des 8-gliedrigen Heterocyclus liegt im Bereich des Sattelpunktes fur den Ubergang Sessel-Sessel = Wanne-Sessel Konformation. Die Konfiguration um das Sn-Atom liegt zwischen tetraedrischer 4- und trigonal-bipyramidaler 5-Koordination (transannularer Sn···O-Abstand 266.0 (7) pm). On Heterocyclic Systems Containing Tin, IV1) 5,5-Diphenyl-1,4,6,5-oxadithiastannocane, a Conformational Transition State Stabilized in a Crystal Structure The title compound 1f has been synthesized from Ph2SnCl2 and t…