Search results for "Biochemical Phenomena"
showing 10 items of 496 documents
Host-based divergence in populations of the pea aphid: insights from nuclear markers and the prevalence of facultative symbionts.
2003
In North America, the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum encompasses ecologically and genetically distinct host races that offer an ideal biological system for studies on sympatric speciation. In addition to its obligate symbiont Buchnera, pea aphids harbour several facultative and phylogenetically distant symbionts. We explored the relationships between host races of A. pisum and their symbiotic microbiota to gain insights into the historical process of ecological specialization and symbiotic acquisition in this aphid. We used allozyme and microsatellite markers to analyse the extent of genetic differentiation between populations of A. pisum on pea, alfalfa and clover in France. In parallel, we…
Adiponectin and Orexin-A as a Potential Immunity Link Between Adipose Tissue and Central Nervous System
2018
Adipose tissue (AT) is strongly associated with development and progression of immune disorders through adipokines secretion, such as adiponectin. This protein has beneficial energetic properties and is involved in inflammation and immunity processes. Three oligomers of circulating Adiponectin with different molecular weight are described: High (HMW), Medium (MMW) and Low (LMW). The HMW is the most biologically active oligomers. On binding to its receptors AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin, adiponectin acts on both innate and acquired immunity. The suppression of NF-kB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages is mediated by AdipoR1. AdipoR2 mediates polarization of …
Viral exanthema as manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection
2020
Abstract Rationale: The clinical manifestations of the SARS-CoV-2 infection are mainly respiratory but the virus can cause a variety of symptoms. Dermatological findings are less well-characterized. Data is scarce on their timing, type and correlation with the immune response. Patient concerns: We present the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a previously healthy woman who presented with respiratory symptoms and developed anosmia, diarrhea, and an erythematous maculo-papular rash on day 15 from symptom onset. Diagnosis: The nasopharyngeal swab tested by real time PCR for COVID-19 was positive. We interpreted this as a viral exanthema likely caused by an immune response to SARS-CoV-2 nucleotid…
Smouldering hepatitis B virus replication in patients with chronic liver disease and hepatitis delta virus superinfection
1991
Hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV-DNA) was studied by Southern blot analysis in liver biopsy specimens from 75 HBsAg-positive patients with chronic liver disease living in southern Italy. Twenty-seven of the patients were hepatitis delta virus (HDV) superinfected. Intrahepatic HBV-DNA was detected in 54 (72%) patients, 32 (59%) of them with replicative forms. The presence of replicative forms was directly related to liver HBcAg and inversely related to liver HDAg, as shown by multivariate analysis. However, 14 patients with intrahepatic HBV-DNA non-replicative pattern and about half of HDV-infected patients were liver HBcAg and/or serum HBV-DNA positive, mostly in low amounts. Hi…
Genomic analysis of the emergence and evolution of multidrug resistance during a Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak including carbapenem and colistin res…
2014
et al.
OXA-163-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Cairo, Egypt, in 2009 and 2010
2012
ABSTRACT Two genetically unrelated OXA-163-carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were identified from two infection cases in June 2009 and May 2010 in Cairo, Egypt. OXA-163-producing Enterobacteriaceae had been previously reported in Argentina only. Both patients had no history of travel abroad. The emergence of this newly recognized OXA-48-related β-lactamase able to hydrolyze cephalosporins and carbapenems is especially worrying in a geographic area where OXA-48 is endemic and effective surveillance for antibiotic resistance is largely unaffordable.
Gentamicin, norfloxacin and lysozyme concentration in human tears: in vivo and in vitro study
1992
Hen's egg lysozyme (HEL) activity was measured in vitro with gentamicin and norfloxacin by a turbidimetric technique. Gentamicin at the concentration of 10(-3) M inhibited HEL activity by 39%, while 10(-3) M norfloxacin did not affect HEL activity. However, an in vivo study in healthy persons did not show any significant statistical difference in tear lysozyme activity when 0.3% gentamicin or 0.3% norfloxacin were topically applied.
Distinct single-component adjuvants steer human DC-mediated T-cell polarization via Toll-like receptor signaling toward a potent antiviral immune res…
2021
Significance Vaccines profit from the addition of adjuvants to better and more specifically initiate, amplify, and shape immune responses. Although the number of adjuvant candidates has steadily increased, peaking in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, little is known about their inherent mode of action. Using human blood immune cells, we established a multilayer method to systematically assess the adjuvants’ effects on innate and adaptive immune cells. By employing a multiplex analysis with cells from 30 different donors, we determined important patterns of adjuvant function. Moreover, we demonstrate correlates of an antiviral immune response using a Toll-like receptor 7/8 ligand adjuvant and…
Pleasant music as a countermeasure against visually induced motion sickness.
2013
Visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) is a well-known side-effect in virtual environments or simulators. However, effective behavioral countermeasures against VIMS are still sparse. In this study, we tested whether music can reduce the severity of VIMS. Ninety-three volunteers were immersed in an approximately 14-minute-long video taken during a bicycle ride. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups, either including relaxing music, neutral music, stressful music, or no music. Sickness scores were collected using the Fast Motion Sickness Scale and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire. Results showed an overall trend for relaxing music to reduce the severity o…
Prevalence of fimA genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontal bacteria in a Spanish population with chronic periodontitis
2012
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the different fimA genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis in adult Spanish patients with chronic periodontitis, patients with gingivitis and periodontally healthy subjects, and the relationship between these genotypes and other periodontopathogenic bacteria. Study design: Samples of subgingival plaque were taken from 86 patients (33 with chronic periodontitis, 16 with gingivitis, and 37 periodontally healthy) in the course of a full periodontal examination. PCR was employed to determine the presence of the 6 fimA genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis (I-V and Ib) and of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella fors…