Search results for "Colitis"

NUTRITION, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INTESTINAL DYSBIOSIS: INFLUENCE OF DIET ON GUT MICROBIOTA IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.

2016

Background: Microbiota refers to the population of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses and fungi) that inhabit the entire gastrointestinal tract, more particularly the colon whose role is to maintain the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and control the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. Alteration in the composition of the gut microbiota is called dysbiosis. Dysbiosis redisposes to inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease and indeterminate colitis. Methods: The purpose of this literature review is to elucidate the influence of diet on the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota in the healthy gut and the role of diet in the development of dysbiosis. Co…

Regulating T-cell differentiation through the polyamine spermidine

2021

Background The cross-talk between the host and its microbiota plays a key role in the promotion of health. The production of metabolites such as polyamines by intestinal-resident bacteria is part of this symbiosis shaping host immunity. The polyamines putrescine, spermine, and spermidine are abundant within the gastrointestinal tract and might substantially contribute to gut immunity. Objective We aimed to characterize the polyamine spermidine as a modulator of T-cell differentiation and function. Methods Naive T cells were isolated from wild-type mice or cord blood from healthy donors and submitted to polarizing cytokines, with and without spermidine treatment, to evaluate CD4+ T-cell diff…

Myiasis – Pathology or Treatment?

2020

Abstract Myiasis is the infestation of live vertebrates with arthropod larvae of the order Diptera. The increase in the number of tourists in endemic areas, with the appearance of new cases in risk-free geographical areas, has increased the interest of doctors in knowing the insects that cause myiasis. The most common cases of myiasis are found in tropical and subtropical areas, the temperate zone being of interest in the warm season. In dermatological practice, there are cases of skin myiasis, especially at the level of skin ulcers. The appearance of ulcers myiasis is favoured by the poor socioeconomic status, poor hygiene conditions or associated debilitating general pathologies. Performi…

Autophagy Stimulation as a Potential Strategy Against Intestinal Fibrosis

2019

We recently observed reduced autophagy in Crohn’s disease patients and an anti-inflammatory effect of autophagy stimulation in murine colitis, but both anti- and pro-fibrotic effects are associated with autophagy stimulation in different tissues, and fibrosis is a frequent complication of Crohn’s disease. Thus, we analyzed the effects of pharmacological modulation of autophagy in a murine model of intestinal fibrosis and detected that autophagy inhibition aggravates, while autophagy stimulation prevents, fibrosis. These effects are associated with changes in inflammation and in collagen degradation in primary fibroblasts. Thus, pharmacological stimulation of autophagy may be useful against …

Monitoring of Chemically Induced Colitis

2017

Inflammation is a common symptom of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Actually, many experimental models of colitis exist and try to mimic the human situation in order to understand the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These experimental models of inflammation can be characterized by specific parameters, which illustrate the proceeding inflammatory process. By use of these models potentially new reagents for improved therapeutic approaches can be analyzed. Here, we describe the TNBS-mediated colitis model and specify different parameters for the detailed characterization of the inflammatory process in experimental colitis models.

A Weaning Reaction to Microbiota Is Required for Resistance to Immunopathologies in the Adult.

2019

International audience; Microbes colonize all body surfaces at birth and participate in the development of the immune system. In newborn mammals, the intestinal microbiota is first shaped by the dietary and immunological components of milk and then changes upon the introduction of solid food during weaning. Here, we explored the reactivity of the mouse intestinal immune system during the first weeks after birth and into adulthood. At weaning, the intestinal microbiota induced a vigorous immune response—a “weaning reaction”—that was programmed in time. Inhibition of the weaning reaction led to pathological imprinting and increased susceptibility to colitis, allergic inflammation, and cancer …

Protective Effect of Pogostone on 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-Induced Experimental Colitis via Inhibition of T Helper Cell

2017

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-related disease mainly caused by the disequilibrium of T helper (Th) cell paradigm? Pogostone (PO) is one of the major chemical constituents of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. The present study aims to investigate the potential benefit of PO against IBD in a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis model. PO treatment by enema significantly brought down the disease activity index (DAI) of the TNBS-challenged rats, which was manifested by the ameliorated inflammatory features including ulceration, adhesion, and edema. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that PO effectivel…

Physician Perspectives on Unresolved Issues in the Management of Ulcerative Colitis: The UC Horizons Project.

2015

BACKGROUND There is still uncertainty about what constitutes the best therapeutic practice in ulcerative colitis (UC). OBJECTIVE The purpose of the "UC Horizons Project" was to raise a series of questions regarding the management of UC to provide responses based on the best scientific evidence available. METHODS The 11 members of the scientific committee prepared draft answers to the 10 questions from available evidence after a literature search. A total of 48 Spanish gastroenterology specialists nationwide participated in the project. The national meeting discussed the 10 issues in working groups and reached consensus regarding the recommendations by anonymous, interactive vote following t…

2018

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are susceptible to thromboembolism. Interestingly, IBD occurs less frequently in patients with inherited bleeding disorders. Therefore, we analyzed whether F9-deficiency is protective against the onset of acute colitis in a genetic hemophilia B mouse model. In the 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model, F9-deficient mice were protected from body-weight loss and had a reduced disease activity score. We detected decreased colonic myeloperoxidase activity and decreased CXCL1 levels in DSS-treated F9-deficient mice compared with wild-type (WT) littermate controls, indicating decreased neutrophil infiltration. Remarkably, we identif…

A case of infective colitis due to Yersinia enterocolitica complicated by microliver abscesses mimicking multiple liver occult metastases: a case rep…

2021

Abstract Background We report an unusual case of infective colitis by Yersinia enterocolitica complicated by microliver abscesses mimicking multiple liver metastases in a 79 yr old female without any risk factors for bacteriaemia by this pathogen. Case presentation The patient was admitted to the Internal Medicine with Stroke Care ward of University Policlinico “P. Giaccone” in Palermo because of the appearance of diarrhoea. After the antimicrobial treatment for infective colitis, the clinicians observed a persistently increased white blood cells (WBC) count and multiple hepatic lesions; after having excluded any neoplastic disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), blood cultures positi…