Search results for "Cytosol"
showing 10 items of 265 documents
Cytosolic Ca2+Content and Membrane Fluidity of Platelets and Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes in Diabetes Mellitus
1995
Considering the role played by platelets and leucocytes in diabetic disease and keeping in mind the strong correlation between functional and metabolic aspects that characterizes this clinical condition, we evaluated, in two groups of diabetics, respectively the platelet and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cytosolic Ca2+ content (employing the fluorescent probe Fura 2-AM) and membrane fluidity (using the fluorescent probe TMA-DPH and considering the fluorescence polarization degree, inversely related to the membrane fluidity). From the obtained results, it is evident that the platelet cytosolic Ca2+ content does not distinguish normals from diabetics of type 1 and 2; the platelet membrane fluidity …
Reversible effect of magnetic fields on human lymphocyte activation patterns: different sensitivity of naive and memory lymphocyte subsets.
2009
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of 50 Hz magnetic or static magnetic fields of 0.5 mT on subsets of human CD4(+) T cells in terms of cytokine release/content, cell proliferation and intracellular free calcium concentration. CD4(+) T cells can be divided into different subsets on the basis of surface marker expression, such as CD45, and T cells can be divided into naive (CD45RA(+)) and memory (CD45RA(-)) cells. In this study, the effects of magnetic fields after 24 and 48 h of cell culture were analyzed. We found that the CD4(+)CD45RA(-) T subset were more sensitive after 2 h of exposure. Decreases in the release/content of IFN-gamma, in cell proliferation and in intra…
Soluble and nuclear oestrogen receptor status of advanced endometrial cancer in relation to subsequent clinical prognosis
1987
Both soluble and nuclear oestrogen receptors have been measured in at least two separate sections from 72 endometrial cancers and 12 normal endometria. Concentration of oestrogen receptor is shown to be, in our hands, more meaningful when expressed per unit DNA than per unit protein, whether for soluble or nuclear receptor. Endometrial cancer cells from the central part of the tumour are shown to be receptor negative more frequently than those from peripheral tumour. Thus, in large cancers, biopsies from different areas are required before a tumour can be correctly designated as receptor positive, heterogeneous or receptor negative. The intratumoral variation of receptor status may relate t…
Potential effects of age-associated oxidative stress on mammalian oocytes/embryos
1996
This bioessay aims to explain the different effects of maternal ageing and postovulatory oocyte ageing on mammalian oocytes/embryos under the scope of 'the oxygen radical-mitochondrial injury hypothesis of ageing'. This hypothesis assumes a key role in the senescent process of oxygen radical damage to mitochondrial DNA, proteins and lipids. It is proposed that a decrease in intracellular ATP concentrations and glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) ratio together with a concomitant increase in cytosolic Ca2+ are major factors causing the observed detrimental effects of ageing on cytoskeletal fibres, fertilization and embryo development.
Cytosolic epoxide hydrolase in humans: development and tissue distribution.
1988
Cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity was measured towards trans-stilbene oxide in 41 human adult livers, in 40 fetal livers, in 17 placentas and in fetal and adult lungs, kidneys and gut. The cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity was measurable in all specimens investigated. The rate of formation of trans-stilbene glycol (pmol/min per mg protein, mean +/- SD) was 55.2 +/- 89.6 (fetal liver). 303.2 +/- 73.2 (adult liver) and 18.8 +/- 13.1 (placenta) In the fetal extrahepatic tissues, the cytosolic epoxide hydrolase activity was 70.0 +/- 9.4 (adrenals), 47.6 +/- 7.2 (gut), 69.4 +/- 22.5 (kidneys) and 43.2 +/- 19.2 (lungs) pmol/min per mg protein, whereas in the adult tissues it was 131.2 +/- 6…
Polymorphonuclear integrins, membrane fluidity, and cytosolic Ca(2+) content after activation in essential hypertension.
2000
Abstract —The purpose of this research was to obtain further information about the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in essential hypertension. These cells could be involved in the pathogenesis of organ injury. Thirty subjects (14 men and 16 women) with essential hypertension were enrolled. In these subjects we determined, at baseline and after in vitro activation with 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and N -formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, the polymorphonuclear leukocyte membrane fluidity, obtained by labeling the cells with 1-[4-(trimethylamino)phenyl]-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration, obtained by marking the cells with Fura 2-AM, and integrin pattern (C…
Epidermal growth factor receptor in human breast cancer: Correlation with cytosolic and nuclear ER receptors and with biological and histological tum…
1990
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) and cytosolic (cER) and nuclear (nER) estradiol receptors were quantified in 220 primary breast cancers. The EGFr was significantly more frequent (chi 2 = 5.9; P less than 0.025) and its concentration was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) among ER- tumors than in ER+ tumors. There was a significantly greater proportion (chi 2 = 6.4; P less than 0.05) of node involvement in EGFr+/ER+ tumors than in EFGr-/ER+. Increases in the proportion of EGFr+ in ER- tumors are parallel to Scarff-Bloom scores (chi 2 = 6.1; P less than 0.05) and there is a significant trend (Spearman rs = 0.25; P less than 0.05) towards increased EGFr concentrations with histol…
Facilitated Anion Transport Induces Hyperpolarization of the Cell Membrane That Triggers Differentiation and Cell Death in Cancer Stem Cells
2015
Facilitated anion transport potentially represents a powerful tool to modulate various cellular functions. However, research into the biological effects of small molecule anionophores is still at an early stage. Here we have used two potent anionophore molecules inspired in the structure of marine metabolites tambjamines to gain insight into the effect induced by these compounds at the cellular level. We show how active anionophores, capable of facilitating the transmembrane transport of chloride and bicarbonate in model phospholipid liposomes, induce acidification of the cytosol and hyperpolarization of plasma cell membranes. We demonstrate how this combined effect can be used against canc…
Involvement of transglutaminase in the formation of covalent cross-links in the cell wall of Candida albicans.
1995
Activity of the enzyme glutaminyl-peptide--glutamylyl-transferase (EC 2.3.2.13; transglutaminase), which forms the interpeptidic cross-link N epsilon-(gamma-glutamic)-lysine, was demonstrated in cell-free extracts obtained from both the yeast like and mycelial forms of Candida albicans. Higher levels of enzymatic activity were observed in the cell wall fraction, whereas the cytosol contained only trace amounts of activity. Cystamine, a highly specific inhibitor of the enzyme, was used to analyze a possible role of transglutaminase in the organization of the cell wall structure of the fungus. Cystamine delayed protoplast regeneration and inhibited the yeast-to-mycelium transition and the inc…
Glutathione metabolism in primary astrocyte cultures: flow cytometric evidence of heterogeneous distribution of GSH content.
1993
The time-course of intracellular glutathione (GSH) values after incubation with L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, showed that glutathione turns over with a half-life of 5 h. Intracellular GSH was assayed by flow cytometry using three different methods. Astrocytes showed a narrow range of cellular size but a wide range of intracellular GSH. This heterogeneity was resolved into three distinct subpopulations which represent 20%, 35% and 45% of the total astrocyte number. The less abundant subpopulation had the lower GSH content, while the most abundant was the subpopulation with the higher content. Over 95% of astrocytes were in t…