Search results for "D2"
showing 10 items of 2418 documents
Enterococcus hirae and Barnesiella intestinihominis Facilitate Cyclophosphamide-Induced Therapeutic Immunomodulatory Effects.
2016
International audience; The efficacy of the anti-cancer immunomodulatory agent cyclophosphamide (CTX) relies on intestinal bacteria. How and which relevant bacterial species are involved in tumor immunosurveillance, and their mechanism of action are unclear. Here, we identified two bacterial species, Enterococcus hirae and Barnesiella intestinihominis that are involved during CTX therapy. Whereas E. hirae translocated from the small intestine to secondary lymphoid organs and increased the intratumoral CD8/ Treg ratio, B. intestinihominis accumulated in the colon and promoted the infiltration of IFN-gamma-producing gamma delta Tau cells in cancer lesions. The immune sensor, NOD2, limited CTX…
Whi7 is an unstable cell-cycle repressor of the Start transcriptional program
2017
Start is the main decision point in eukaryotic cell cycle in which cells commit to a new round of cell division. It involves the irreversible activation of a transcriptional program by G1 CDK-cyclin complexes through the inactivation of Start transcriptional repressors, Whi5 in yeast or Rb in mammals. Here we provide novel keys of how Whi7, a protein related at sequence level to Whi5, represses Start. Whi7 is an unstable protein, degraded by the SCFGrr1 ubiquitin-ligase, whose stability is cell cycle regulated by CDK1 phosphorylation. Importantly, Whi7 associates to G1/S gene promoters in late G1 acting as a repressor of SBF-dependent transcription. Our results demonstrate that Whi7 is a ge…
Chemotherapy accelerates immune-senescence and functional impairments of Vδ2pos T cells in elderly patients affected by liver metastatic colorectal c…
2019
Abstract Human (gamma delta) γδ T cells are unconventional innate-like lymphocytes displaying a broad array of anti-tumor activities with promising perspectives in cancer immunotherapy. In this context, Vδ2pos T cells represent the preferential target of several immunotherapy protocols against solid tumors. However, the impact of both aging and chemotherapy (CHT) on Vδ2pos T cells is still unknown. The present study evaluates with multi-parametric flow cytometry the frequencies, terminal differentiation, senescence and effector-functions of peripheral blood and tumor infiltrating Vδ2pos T cells purified from liver metastases (CLM) of patients affected by colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to …
Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Human Umbilical Cord: a Close-up on Immunomodulatory Molecules Featured In Situ and In Vitro
2019
Therapeutic options for end-stage organ failure are often limited to whole organ transplantation. The tolerance or rejection of the transplanted organ is driven by both early non-specific innate and specific adaptive responses. The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is considered a promising tool in regenerative medicine. Human umbilical cord (HUC) is an easily available source of MSCs, without relevant ethical issues. Moreover, Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs), showed consistent immunomodulatory features that may be useful to promote immune tolerance in the host after transplantation. Few data are available on the phenotype of WJ-MSCs in situ. We investigated the expression of i…
Gut-derived CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells are expanded in the peripheral blood and synovia of SpA patients
2019
We read with interest the recently published paper from Qaiyum et al 1 demonstrating a novel integrin-expressing mature Crohn's disease (CD)8+ T cell population defined as CD49a+CD103+β7+CD29+ cells in the synovial fluids of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. Although the authors did not analyse gut samples from AS patients, they speculate that these cells might be gut-derived cells. Interestingly, as stated by authors, the transcriptional and phenotypic signature of these cells is reminiscent of human tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM). TRM are a subset of cells important as the first line of defence from infection in mucosal tissues, never studied in spondyloarthritis (SpA).2 For cla…
Bronchial inflammation and bacterial load in stable COPD is associated with TLR4 overexpression.
2017
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are two major forms of innate immune sensors but their role in the immunopathology of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is incompletely studied. Our objective here was to investigate TLR and NLR signalling pathways in the bronchial mucosa in stable COPD.Using immunohistochemistry, the expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, NOD1, NOD2, CD14, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), Toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP), and the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases phospho-IRAK1 and IRAK4 were measured in the bronchial muc…
The effect of long-term ultra-endurance exercise and SOD2 genotype on telomere shortening with age
2020
Telomere shortening, a well-known biomarker of aging, is a complex process influenced by several intrinsic and lifestyle factors. Although habitual exercise may promote telomere length maintenance, extreme endurance exercise has been also associated with increased oxidative stress—presumed to be the major cause of telomere shortening. Therefore, the pace of telomere shortening with age may also depend on antioxidant system efficiency, which is, in part, genetically determined. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of ultra-endurance exercise and oxidative stress susceptibility (determined by the rs4880 polymorphism in the superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene) on telomere length. Geno…
Effect of Manganese Chloride and of Cotreatment with Cadmium Chloride on the In Vitro Proliferative, Motile, and Invasive Behavior of MDA-MB231 Breas…
2019
We examined the dose&ndash
Induced arginine transport via cationic amino acid transporter-1 is necessary for human T-cell proliferation
2015
Availability of the semiessential amino acid arginine is fundamental for the efficient function of human T lymphocytes. Tumor-associated arginine deprivation, mainly induced by myeloid-derived suppressor cells, is a central mechanism of tumor immune escape from T-cell-mediated antitumor immune responses. We thus assumed that transmembranous transport of arginine must be crucial for T-cell function and studied which transporters are responsible for arginine influx into primary human T lymphocytes. Here, we show that activation via CD3 and CD28 induces arginine transport into primary human T cells. Both naive and memory CD4(+) T cells as well as CD8(+) T cells specifically upregulated the hum…
Are There Knots in Chromosomes?
2017
Recent developments have for the first time allowed the determination of three-dimensional structures of individual chromosomes and genomes in nuclei of single haploid mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells based on Hi⁻C chromosome conformation contact data. Although these first structures have a relatively low resolution, they provide the first experimental data that can be used to study chromosome and intact genome folding. Here we further analyze these structures and provide the first evidence that G1 phase chromosomes are knotted, consistent with the fact that plots of contact probability vs sequence separation show a power law dependence that is intermediate between that of a fractal globule …