Search results for "Endocrine System"

showing 10 items of 1530 documents

Effect of chronic citalopram on serotonin-related and stress-regulated genes in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat

2007

Using a model of depression in which chronic social stress induces depressive-like symptoms, we investigated effects of the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram on gene expression in the dorsal raphe nucleus of male rats. Expression of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) protein was found to be upregulated by the stress and normalized by citalopram, while mRNAs for genes TPH 1 and 2 were differentially affected. Citalopram had no effect on serotonin transporter mRNA but reduced serotonin-1A autoreceptor mRNA in stressed animals. The SSRI prevented the stress-induced upregulation of mRNA for CREB binding protein, synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2b and the glial N-myc downstream-re…

MaleSerotoninendocrine systemmedicine.medical_specialtyCitalopramTryptophan HydroxylaseBiologyCitalopramPolymerase Chain Reactionbehavioral disciplines and activitiesGene Expression Regulation Enzymologic03 medical and health scienceschemistry.chemical_compound0302 clinical medicineDorsal raphe nucleusStress PhysiologicalInternal medicinemental disordersmedicineAnimalsPharmacology (medical)Rats WistarSocial BehaviorNeurotransmitterBiological PsychiatrySerotonin transporter030304 developmental biologyPharmacology0303 health sciencesTryptophan hydroxylaseRatsPsychiatry and Mental healthEndocrinologyNeurologychemistryModels Animalbiology.proteinSynaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2BRNARaphe Nuclei5-HT1A receptorNeurology (clinical)SerotoninSelective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors030217 neurology & neurosurgerymedicine.drugEuropean Neuropsychopharmacology
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Influence of melatonin and serotonin on the number of rat pineal ?synaptic? ribbons and spherules in vitro

1985

Previous studies have shown that the "synaptic" ribbons (SR) and spherules (SS) of the mammalian pineal gland may respond differently under physiological and various experimental conditions. The aim of the present study was to gain insight into the mechanisms that may be responsible for the numerical changes of these organelles during a 24-h cycle. As the possibility exists that the structures are influenced by substances synthesized within the pinealocyte, rat pineal glands were cultured with and without added melatonin or serotonin, using an experimental protocol such that the addition of melatonin and serotonin mimicks the circadian changes of the respective substances within the pineal.…

MaleSerotoninendocrine systemmedicine.medical_specialtyHistologyBiologyOrgan culturePineal GlandPathology and Forensic MedicinePinealocyteMelatoninPineal glandInternal medicineOrganellemedicineAnimalsCircadian rhythmIncubationCells CulturedMelatoninRats Inbred StrainsCell BiologyRatsOrganoidsmedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologySynapsesSerotoninhormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsmedicine.drugCell and Tissue Research
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p-Chlorophenylalanine treatment depresses the number of synaptic ribbon profiles in the rat pineal gland, but does not abolish their day-night rhythm

1995

It is largely unknown as to how the day/night rhythm of pineal synaptic ribbon number is regulated. Transcriptional events related to the nocturnal formation of new synaptic ribbons occur early in the morning, when pineal serotonin levels begin to increase. The present study was carried out in order to elucidate as to how altered serotonin levels affect the day/night changes in the number of synaptic ribbon profiles. To this end, male Sprague-Dawley rats received a single dose of p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA, 300 mg/kg body weight, 72 hours before sacrifice), which depresses tryptophan hydroxylase activity and hence pineal serotonin levels. Control animals received saline injections. Experim…

MaleSerotoninendocrine systemmedicine.medical_specialtyTranscription GeneticArylamine N-AcetyltransferaseTryptophan HydroxylaseBiologyPineal GlandRats Sprague-DawleyMelatoninPineal glandReference ValuesInternal medicinemedicineFenclonineAnimalsCircadian rhythmSynaptic ribbonP chlorophenylalanineFenclonineGeneral MedicineTryptophan hydroxylaseCircadian RhythmRatsMicroscopy Electronmedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologynervous systemSynapsessense organsSerotoninAnatomyhormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsDevelopmental Biologymedicine.drugAnnals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger
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The use of statins in people at risk of developing diabetes mellitus: Evidence and guidance for clinical practice

2014

Reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels using statins is associated with significant reductions in cardiovascular (CV) events in a wide range of patient populations. Although statins are generally considered to be safe, recent studies suggest they are associated with an increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes (T2D). This led the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to change their labelling requirements for statins to include a warning about the possibility of increased blood sugar and HbA1c levels and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to issue guidance on a small increased risk of T2D with the statin class. This review examines the evidence leading to these clai…

MaleSettore MED/09 - Medicina Internaendocrine system diseasesHSM MEDHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effectsAnticholesteremic Agents/adverse effectsMedizin1567-5688ComorbidityType 2 diabetesPharmacologyDiabeteHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/administration & dosageCardiovascularFasting/bloodCohort StudiesRisk FactorsAnticholesteremic Agents/administration & dosageDiabetes Mellitus Type 2/prevention & controlMulticenter Studies as TopicMedicineT2DDiabetisAnticholesteremic AgentsDiabetesHemoglobin A Glycosylated/analysisFastingGeneral MedicineMiddle AgedDiabetogenicityCVDClinical PracticeObservational Studies as TopicCholesterol LDL/bloodCardiovascular DiseasesPractice Guidelines as Topiclipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Disease SusceptibilityCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineRisk assessmentCardiovascular Diseases/prevention & controlCohort studyAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyStatinHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic usemedicine.drug_classAnticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic useHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacologyDiabetes Mellitus Type 2/etiologyRisk AssessmentMulticenter Studies as Topic/statistics & numerical dataPrediabetic StateMeta-Analysis as TopicDiabetes mellitusInternal MedicineHumansIntensive care medicinePrediabetic State/epidemiologyGlycated HemoglobinStatins; Diabetes; Diabetogenicity; T2D; Cardiovascular; CVDbusiness.industryCardiovascular Diseases/epidemiologyStatinsStatinnutritional and metabolic diseasesCholesterol LDLmedicine.diseaseComorbidityAnticholesteremic Agents/pharmacologyDiabetes Mellitus Type 2/epidemiologyDiabetes Mellitus Type 2Estatines (Medicaments cardiovasculars)Observational Studies as TopicHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsbusinessObservational Study as TopicForecasting
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Computer-assisted sperm morphometry fluorescence-based analysis has potential to determine progeny sex

2016

This study was designed to determine the ability of computer-assisted sperm morphometry analysis (CASA-Morph) with fluorescence to discriminate between spermatozoa carrying different sex chromosomes from the nuclear morphometrics generated and different statistical procedures in the bovine species. The study was divided into two experiments. The first was to study the morphometric differences between X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa (SX and SY, respectively). Spermatozoa from eight bulls were processed to assess simultaneously the sex chromosome by FISH and sperm morphometry by fluorescence-based CASA-Morph. SX cells were larger than SY cells on average (P < 0.001) although with impo…

MaleSex Determination Analysisendocrine systemUrology[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]SemenInvited Original ArticleSexingSemen analysisBiologylcsh:RC870-923mammalian spermotozoasperm morphometryAndrology03 medical and health sciencesbull; computer-assisted sperm morphometry analysis; sexing; sperm morphometry0302 clinical medicineDiscriminant function analysismedicineAnimalssexingbullCell Shapereproductive and urinary physiologyx-chromosome-bearingnuclear shapeCell NucleusMorphometrics030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicinemedicine.diagnostic_testurogenital system0402 animal and dairy scienceChromosome04 agricultural and veterinary sciencesGeneral MedicineAnatomylcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. UrologySpermatozoa040201 dairy & animal scienceSpermSemen AnalysisMicroscopy FluorescenceSex Determination AnalysisCattlex-chromosome-bearing;mammalian spermotozoa;nuclear shapecomputer-assisted sperm morphometry analysis
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Electrophysiological investigations on the central innervation of the rat and guinea-pig pineal gland

1984

The possible influence of central nervous structures on the electrical activity of single pineal cells was investigated in rat and guinea-pig. In the rat electrical stimulation of the hippocampal formation elicited both single cell responses with different latencies and mostly long-term excitations in single pineal cells, while stimulation of the habenular nuclei caused clear orthodromical responses with different latencies, alterations in the rate of spontaneous electrical activity and evoked discharges of "silent" units. In the guinea-pig electrical stimulation of the paraventricular nucleus influenced predominantly cells in the deeper layers of the posterior part of the pineal gland. Ele…

MaleSuperior Colliculiendocrine systemmedicine.medical_specialtyGuinea PigsCentral nervous systemBiologyHippocampusPineal GlandSynaptic TransmissionGuinea pigPineal glandDiencephalonInternal medicineNeural PathwaysmedicineAnimalsEvoked PotentialsBiological PsychiatryBrain MappingSuperior colliculusInferior ColliculiRatsPsychiatry and Mental healthElectrophysiologymedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologyHabenulaNeurologyHypothalamusThalamic NucleiNeurology (clinical)Paraventricular Hypothalamic NucleusJournal of Neural Transmission
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Efficacy of a blended low-intensity internet-delivered psychological programme in patients with multimorbidity in primary care: study protocol for a …

2019

BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) has included comorbidity between depression and a chronic disease among the 10 leading global health priorities. Although there is a high prevalence of multimorbidity, health care systems are mainly designed for the management of individual diseases. Given the difficulty in delivering face-to-face psychological treatments, alternative models of treatment delivery have been proposed, emphasizing the role of technologies such as the Internet. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy in Primary Care (PC) of a blended low-intensity psychological intervention applied using information and communication technologies (ICTs) for the treatment of …

MaleTecnología de la informaciónhumanosPsychological interventiondepresiónEnsayo clínico controlado aleatoriolaw.invention:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings]dolor lumbarStudy Protocol0302 clinical medicineRandomized controlled triallawlcsh:PsychiatryDepresiónHealth careGlobal healthMedicine030212 general & internal medicineRandomized Controlled Trials as Topic:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Clinical Trials as Topic::Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic::Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic [Medical Subject Headings]:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Evaluation Studies as Topic::Clinical Trials as Topic::Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic::Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic [Medical Subject Headings]:Diseases::Pathological Conditions Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Disease Attributes::Chronic Disease [Medical Subject Headings]Depressionensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados como asuntoMultimorbilidadadultoPrimary careLow back pain:Health Care::Health Services Administration::Patient Care Management::Comprehensive Health Care::Primary Health Care [Medical Subject Headings]Psychiatry and Mental healthdiabetes mellitus:Information Science::Information Science::Computing Methodologies::Computer Systems::Computer Communication Networks::Internet [Medical Subject Headings]:Diseases::Pathological Conditions Signs and Symptoms::Signs and Symptoms::Pain::Back Pain::Low Back Pain [Medical Subject Headings]Femalemedicine.symptomAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyenfermedad crónicalcsh:RC435-571:Check Tags::Male [Medical Subject Headings]03 medical and health sciencesInformation and communication technologies (ICTs)Atención primaria de saludIntervention (counseling)Humans:Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Adult [Medical Subject Headings]:Geographical Locations::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain [Medical Subject Headings]InternetPrimary Health Carebusiness.industry:Diseases::Endocrine System Diseases::Diabetes Mellitus::Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 [Medical Subject Headings]Multimorbidity:Health Care::Health Care Facilities Manpower and Services::Health Personnel::Physicians::Physicians Primary Care [Medical Subject Headings]medicine.diseaseComorbidity030227 psychiatryClinical trial:Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings]Diabetes Mellitus Type 2SpainChronic DiseasePhysical therapyRandomized controlled trial (RCT)business:Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Behavioral Symptoms::Depression [Medical Subject Headings]Low Back PainBMC psychiatry
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Treatment of pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone (PRTH) in an 8-year-old boy.

1996

We report on an 8-year-old boy with pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone (PRTH) having a cysteine for arginine substitution at codon 320 in the TR-beta gene who was presented because of thyrotoxicosis. Due to its suppressive effect on the pituitary thyrotropin secretion, treatment with D-thyroxine (D-T4) was started. After a few days, clinical euthyroidism was achieved but thyroid stimulating hormone secretion was not suppressed. Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis relapsed when therapy was interrupted so that therapy with D-T4 was reinstituted and continued to date. Symptoms did not recur, and the psychomotor development proceeded normally. D-T4 should therefore be considered in the treatment of…

MaleThyroid Hormone Resistance Syndromeendocrine systemmedicine.medical_specialtyPituitary glandendocrine system diseasesArginineTreatment outcomeMolecular Sequence DataPathogenesisInternal medicineMedicineHumansAmino Acid SequenceDextrothyroxineThyroid-stimulating hormone secretionChildbusiness.industryThyroidGeneral MedicineD-Thyroxinemedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologyThyrotoxicosisTreatment OutcomePediatrics Perinatology and Child HealthMutationbusinessHormoneActa paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
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Resistance to thyroid hormone in a family caused by a new point mutation L330S in the thyroid receptor (TR) beta gene.

1997

Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is an inherited defect manifesting as variable tissue hyporesponsiveness to thyroid hormone, usually caused by mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor beta (TR beta) gene. Up to now 78 mutations in this gene have been identified, mostly clustered in two regions located in exon 9 and 10. We describe a new point mutation replacing the normal thymidine-1274 with a cytosine that results in the substitution of the normal leucine-330 with a serine (L330S) in the receptor protein. This mutation was identified in an 11-year-old boy who presented with symptoms and signs suggestive of both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Interestingly a mutation in the same c…

MaleThyroid Hormone Resistance Syndromeendocrine systemmedicine.medical_specialtyendocrine system diseasesEndocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismBiologyThyroid Function TestsThyroid hormone receptor betaEndocrinologyLeucineInternal medicinemedicineSerineHumansPoint MutationBeta (finance)ChildGeneThyroid hormone receptorReceptors Thyroid HormonePoint mutationdigestive oral and skin physiologyThyroidDNAExonsPedigreeEndocrinologymedicine.anatomical_structureMultigene FamilyCancer researchPAX8HormoneThyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association
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Effect of Thyroid Hormones on Urea Biosynthesis and Related Processes in Rat Liver*

1988

The results of the few studies on the effect of the thyroid status on nitrogen metabolism have been inconclusive and/or contradictory. In an attempt to elucidate this important relationship, we have studied the effect of experimental hypo- and hyperthyroidism on urea biosynthesis and related processes. We have found that the capacity of the liver to synthesize urea was increased in hypothyroid rats, as were the activities of the urea cycle enzymes; there were also changes in the activities of some related enzymes and in the levels of intermediates and amino acids. Isolated hepatocytes from these rats showed an increased capacity for urea synthesis. In hyperthyroid rats the picture was more …

MaleThyroid Hormonesendocrine systemmedicine.medical_specialtyendocrine system diseasesCarbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)HyperthyroidismIodide PeroxidaseGlucagonchemistry.chemical_compoundEndocrinologyGlutamatesHypothyroidismBiosynthesisAmmoniaInternal medicineCyclic AMPmedicineAnimalsUreaAmino AcidsOrnithine Carbamoyltransferasechemistry.chemical_classificationCatabolismRats Inbred StrainsMetabolismGlucagonRatsAmino acidThyroxineEndocrinologymedicine.anatomical_structureLiverchemistryBiochemistryUrea cycleHepatocyteUreaTriiodothyroninehormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistsEndocrinology
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