Search results for "Environmental engineering"
showing 10 items of 2674 documents
Aspects of excessive antibiotic consumption and environmental influences correlated with the occurrence of resistance to antimicrobial agents
2021
International audience; This article explores the correlation between specific aspects of antibiotic usage, their resistance development, and environmental factors. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics led to environment contamination, selection and spreading of antibiotic-resistant organisms, and alteration of the microbial ecosystems balance. Sociobehavioural environmental factors and changes in the natural environment are major contributors to resistance development. Resistant bacteria strains' isolation in food, water, soil etc. demonstrates the environmental influence on the strains through antibiotics accumulation in the environment. It is difficult to assess the impact of antibiotic…
Awake Surgery: Skills of Neurosurgeon Matter but Those of Patient Too. How to Optimize Functional Brain Mapping by Improving Per-Operatory Testing?
2011
International audience; It is now possible to perform resections of slowgrowing tumors in awake patients. Using direct electrical stimulation (DES), real-time functional mapping of the brain can be used to prevent the resection of essential areas near the tumor. For now, simple clinical tests are performed on conscious patients and combined with DES in order to discriminate functional and non-functional areas invaded by the tumors. In this work we try to develop a simple device based on a simple technology to better quantify the performances of the patients during the surgery itself and give a real-time feedback to the neurosurgeon that will help to further guide the surgery by improving th…
Toxicity effects of the organic UV-filter 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor in zebrafish embryos
2019
Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) filters are widely used in personal care products and due to their lipophilicity these chemicals tend to bioaccumulate in the aquatic biota. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) is one of the most used UV-filters, and it is commonly detected in freshwater fish tissues. This substance is suspected to be an endocrine disruptor due to its interaction with Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) and HP-Thyroid (HPT)-axis. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 4-MBC on apical endpoints, biochemical markers and on genes involved in endocrine pathways in Danio rerio. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 4-MBC (0.083–0.77 mg/l) from 0 to 96 h post-fertil…
Glutathione-dependent resistance of the European eel Anguilla anguilla to the herbicide molinate
2001
Eels of species Anguilla anguilla were exposed to 5/4 LC50 (41.8 mg/l) of the herbicide molinate for 96 h in a time to death (TTD) test. Glutathione content (GSx, GSH, GSSG), glutathione reductase (GR) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) activities were determined in the liver and muscle tissues of dead and surviving (intoxicated) animals and compared to control values (non-exposed eels). TTD was positively correlated to hepatic GSH, GSH:GSSG ratio, hepatic and muscular GR, but negatively correlated to muscular GSH, which was severely depleted. Furthermore, glutathione and enzyme activities were intercorrelated, especially GSH and GR. These results indicate that eels which were abl…
Cultural approach to the perception of risk: analysing concern about the siting of a high-level nuclear waste facility in Finland
1999
A study of local residents' attitudes toward the siting of a high-level nuclear waste facility in Finland was undertaken in three municipalities (Eurajoki, Kuhmo and Aänekoski) that are being considered possible host communities for the facility. The results of the survey show that opposition to the facility is quite strong in two of the three municipalities, while in the third a polarization of opinions into two opposing camps is evident. The size, social structure and substance of the local opposition and support are analysed. The thesis of the paper is that in order to understand different opinions about the facility, one must understand the cultural logic of risk perception. People eva…
Wastewater-based epidemiology, a tool to bridge biomarkers of exposure, contaminants, and human health
2021
The concept of wastewater-based epidemiology also known as sewage epidemiology was proposed by Daughton in 2001. Wastewater-based epidemiology has become now a reality that makes it possible to determine consumption or exposure to chemical substances or pathogens in a population by measuring certain compounds (drugs of abuse, metabolites, or biomarkers) or microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, and parasites) in wastewater. The first and most developed application is the estimation of illicit drug consumption in communities or populations, but it can be used to measure both consumption and exposure to a wide range of substances and pathogens. Its recent application to measure the severe acute r…
Tissue bioaccumulation patterns, xenobiotic biotransformation and steroid hormone levels in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed a diet containing perfl…
2011
In the present study, groups of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed gelatine capsules containing fish-food spiked with PFOA or PFOS (0.2 mg kg(-1) fish) and solvent (methanol). The capsules were given at days 0, 3 and 6. Blood, liver and whole kidney samples were collected prior to exposure (no solvent control), and at days 2, 5, 8 and 14 after exposure (Note: that day 14 after exposure is equal to 7d recovery period). We report on the differences in the tissue bioaccumulation patterns of PFOS and PFOA, in addition to tissue and compound differences in modulation pattern of biotransformation enzyme genes. We observed that the level of PFOS and PFOA increased in the blood, liver …
Sulphate removal over barium-modified blast-furnace-slag geopolymer
2016
Blast-furnace slag and metakaolin were geopolymerised, modified with barium or treated with a combination of these methods in order to obtain an efficient SO4(2-) sorbent for mine water treatment. Of prepared materials, barium-modified blast-furnace slag geopolymer (Ba-BFS-GP) exhibited the highest SO4(2-) maximum sorption capacity (up to 119mgg(-1)) and it compared also favourably to materials reported in the literature. Therefore, Ba-BFS-GP was selected for further studies and the factors affecting to the sorption efficiency were assessed. Several isotherms were applied to describe the experimental results of Ba-BFS-GP and the Sips model showed the best fit. Kinetic studies showed that th…
Exposure to metals and metalloids among pregnant women from Spain: Levels and associated factors
2021
This study was funded by Grants from EU (FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957 and HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1); Spain: ISCIII (Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041; FIS-FEDER: PI03/1615, PI04/1509, PI04/1112, PI04/1931, PI05/1079, PI05/1052, PI06/0867, PI06/1213, PI07/0314, PI09/00090, PI09/02647, PI11/01007, PI11/02591, PI11/02038, PI13/1944, PI13/2032, PI13/02187, PI14/00891, PI14/01687, PI16/1288, PI17/00663, PI18/01142 and PI19/1338; Miguel Servet FEDER MS15/00025, MS20/0006, CPII16/00051, and FIS-FSE: 17/00260); CIBERESP; Generalitat Valenciana: FISABIO (UGP 15-230, UGP-15-244, and UGP-15-249), AICO/2020/285, and Alicia Koplowitz Foundation 2017; Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241; Department of Health…
Consequences of analgesics use in early pregnancy: Results of tests on mice.
2019
International audience; Self-medication during pregnancy continues to be an issue in developing countries due topoor medical education. The most commonly used drugs are analgesics, mainlyacetaminophen (paracetamol, APAP) and, to a lesser extent, ketoprofen (KPF). The aim of thestudy was to establish whether there are consequences of accidental use of these two drugsduring early embryogenesis. The experimental study was performed on 30 pregnant whitemice, divided into three groups: a first group to which APAP was administered, a secondgroup to which KPF was administered, and group 3 as a control group. At delivery, the babymice were examined, and after their first parturition, they were take…