Search results for "Epoxide"

Multifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol)s

2011

In the rapidly evolving multidisciplinary field of polymer therapeutics, tailored polymer structures represent the key constituent to explore and harvest the potential of bioactive macromolecular hybrid structures. In light of the recent developments for anticancer drug conjugates, multifunctional polymers are becoming ever more relevant as drug carriers. However, the potentially best suited polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), is unfavorable owing to its limited functionality. Therefore, multifunctional linear copolymers (mf-PEGs) based on ethylene oxide (EO) and appropriate epoxide comonomers are attracting increased attention. Precisely engineered via living anionic polymerization and d…

Mediterranean Diet Decreases the Initiation of Use of Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Inhibitors and Their Associated Cardiovascular Risk: A Randomized C…

2020

Our aim is to assess whether following a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) decreases the risk of initiating antithrombotic therapies and the cardiovascular risk associated with its use in older individuals at high cardiovascular risk. We evaluate whether participants of the PREvenci&oacute

Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activities in hybrid cell lines established by fusion of primary rat liver parenchymal cells with hepatoma cells

1992

1. The activities of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes were determined in hybrid cell lines (hepatocytoma, HPCT) which have been established by fusion of liver parenchymal cells from adult rat (PC) with cells from a Reuber hepatoma cell line (FAO). 2. Cytochrome P450 was not measurable spectrophotometrically in FAO and HPCT. P450-dependent conversion of testosterone was below the detection limit in FAO and only marginally present in HPCT. 3. Microsomal and cytosolic epoxide hydrolase, glutathione S-transferase and phenol sulphotranserase were low or even below detection limit in FAO. These enzyme activities were significantly higher in HPCT and correspond to about 1-10% the activities measure…

Elevation of hepatic epoxide hydratase activity by ethoxyquin is due to increased synthesis of the enzyme.

1980

Abstract Feeding of the antioxidant ethoxyquin to rats leads to an increase of epoxide hydratase activity in liver microsomes. The apparent half life of the increase is 3–4 days. Elevation of epoxide hydratase activity is also obtained by intraperitoneal treatment of mice with ethoxyquin. This elevation is prevented by concomitant treatment with cycloheximide. When radiolabelled leucine is incorporated into microsomal protein by liver cell fractions from either ethoxyquin-fed or untreated rats, gel electrophoresis reveals that ethoxyquin feeding increases incorporation into epoxide hydratase. These results suggest that the elevation of epoxide hydratase activity by ethoxyquin is due to incr…

Large differences in metabolic activation and inactivation of chemically closely related compounds: effects of pure enzymes and enzyme induction on t…

1981

Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes of rat liver nonparenchymal cells.

1986

Abstract The nonparenchymal cells (NPC) of the liver are primarily located along the sinusoids and therefore are the first cells to encounter blood-borne xenobiotics. To study the possible role of the NPC in the metabolism of xenobiotics, populations of NPC and parenchymal cells (PC) were prepared from rats and various xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities investigated. The specific activity of every enzyme studied (ethoxyresorufin deethylase, benzphetamine demethylase, glutathione transferase, UDP glucuronosyltransferase, and microsomal epoxide hydrolase) was 12 to 1000% higher in the PC than in the NPC populations and the patterns of activities between the two populations were remarka…

Biological activation of 1,3-butadiene to vinyl oxirane by rat liver microsomes and expiration of the reactive metabolite by exposed rats.

1983

When 1,3-butadiene is incubated with rat liver microsomes and NADPH both enantiomers of vinyl oxirane are formed, the amount of epoxide being dependent on incubation time, microsomal protein, and substrate concentration. Inhibition by SKF 525 A or dithiocarb as well as induction by pretreatment with phenobarbital or 20-methylcholanthrene suggest participation of cytochrome P-450 in this reaction. The amount of epoxide is enhanced by addition of 1,1,1-trichloropropene oxide and reduced by glutathione, especially in the presence of hepatic cytosol. When rats are exposed to 1,3-butadiene in a closed chamber (conditions of maximal metabolism) vinyl oxirane is exhaled and can be quantitatively d…

Characterization of highly polar bis-dihydrodiol epoxide--DNA adducts formed after metabolic activation of dibenz[a,h]anthracene.

1993

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene as well as a biologically important metabolite of dibenz[a,h]anthracene, namely the M-region dihydrodiol trans-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrodibenz[a,h]anthracene were in addition to further metabolism to a bay region diol epoxide, extensively transformed to a distal bisdihydrodiol, 3,4,10,11-tetrahydroxy-3,4,10,11-tetrahydro-dibenz[a,h]anthracene, which exhibited after renewed metabolic activation high DNA binding efficiency, leading to a new class of very polar DNA adducts. After incubation of dibenz[a,h]anthracene with DNA in the presence of liver microsomes from Aroclor 1254 treated male Sprague-Dawley rats highly polar DNA adducts probably originating from 3R,4R,10R,11…

Time-dependence and differential induction of rat and guinea pig peroxisomal beta-oxidation, palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase, cytosolic and microsomal epoxid…

1988

Fischer-344 rats and Hartley guinea pigs received a diet containing 0.01% (w/w), 0.05% (w/w), or 0.25% (w/w) of the hypolipidemic drug fenofibrate. Rats were treated for 4, 7, 14, or 21 days, and a clear dose-dependent and weak time-dependent increase in liver/body weight ratio was observed. The specific activity of peroxisomal beta-oxidation increased linearly with time at all concentrations used. A dose-dependent increase in cEH was observed, but the activity remained constant after treatment for 7 days. Enhancement of palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase was dose-dependent, but was similar at all 4 time points investigated. In contrast to the other enzyme activities, mEH was not or only minimally (le…

Covalent DNA adducts formed in mouse epidermis by benzo(g)chrysene

1996

The metabolic activation in mouse skin of benzo[g]chrysene (B[g]C), a moderately carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) present in coal tar, was investigated. Male Parkes mice were treated topically with 0.5 micromol B[g]C and DNA was isolated from the treated areas of skin at various times after treatment and analysed by 32P-post-labelling. Seven major adduct spots were detected, at a maximum level of 6.55 fmol adducts/microg DNA. Mouse skin treated with the PAH benzo[c]phenanthrene (B[c]Ph) gave a total of 0.24 fmol adducts/microg DNA. B[g]C-DNA adducts persisted in skin for at least 3 weeks. Treatment of mice with 0.5 micromol of the optically pure putative proximate carcinog…