Search results for "GLUTAMATE"
showing 10 items of 434 documents
Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program: evaluation of assays for autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet antigen-2
2008
Aims/hypothesis Islet autoantibodies are important in diabetes classification and risk assessment, and as endpoints in observational studies. The Diabetes Autoantibody Standardization Program (DASP) aims to improve and standardise measurement of autoantibodies associated with type 1 diabetes. We report results for glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) and islet antigen-2 autoantibodies (IA-2A) from three DASP workshops (2002–2005). Methods Up to 60 laboratories in 18 countries participated in each workshop. Participants received coded serum aliquots from 50 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (median age 18 years, range 9–35 years) and 100 blood donor controls. Results…
Can Ketogenic Diet Improve Alzheimer's Disease? Association With Anxiety, Depression, and Glutamate System
2021
Background: Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in our society, mainly characterized by loss of cognitive function. However, other symptoms such as anxiety and depression have been described in patients. The process is mediated by alterations in the synaptic and extrasynaptic activity of the neurotransmitter glutamate, which are linked to a hypometabolism of glucose as the main source of brain energy. In that respect, Ketogenic diet (KD) has been proposed as a non-pharmacological treatment serving as an alternative energy source to the neurons increasing the fat percentage and reducing the carbohydrates percentage, showing promising results to improve the cogni…
Inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ release by a Rho-kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ischemic damage in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
2008
The effects of hydroxy fasudil, a specific Rho-kinase inhibitor, on behavior and brain neuronal activity in animal studies have been described previously. However, whether a Rho-kinase inhibitor can directly protect neurons against ischemic damage and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly understood. The present work was designed to investigate the effect of hydroxy fasudil against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) induced acute neuronal injury and the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Pretreatment with hydroxy fasudil at 5 and 10 microM could concentration-dependently improve cell viability and decrease Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in extracellular solution of neur…
NMDA-induced acetylcholine release in mouse striatum: role of NO synthase isoforms
2002
Striatal cholinergic interneurons are stimulated by glutamatergic inputs from thalamus and cortex via NMDA receptors. The present microdialysis study was designed to characterize the role of nitric oxide (NO) in this process and to identify the NO synthase (NOS) isoform responsible for this effect. For this purpose, we studied the effects of NMDA and 3-morpholino sydnonimine (SIN-1) perfusions on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) in mouse striatum. In wild-type C57/Bl6 mice, perfusion of NMDA (100 µm) induced a two-fold stimulation of ACh release. This effect was attenuated in mice lacking endothelial NOS but was completely absent in mice lacking neuronal NOS. Local perfusion of SIN-1 (300…
Modifications induced on the amygdaloid paroxysmal activity by entopeduncolar or nigral injection of kainic acid, in the cat.
1983
Entopeduncolar or nigral injection of kainic acid determines an early decrease of the evoked amygdaloid paroxysmal activity and a later increase of the after discharge duration. This biphasic effect is likely due to the structural analogy of the drug with monosodium glutamate, a neuroexcitant amino acid. The data suggest that the basal ganglia exert a tonic control on the amygdaloid activity.
Metabolic changes in the rat liver during pregnancy
1983
During pregnancy the rat liver shows alterations in metabolism which apparently do not to occur in the non-pregnant animal. In our study, the following metabolite concentrations and enzyme activities in the liver of pregnant and non-pregnant rats were measured after fasting periods of 6 and 12 h: malate, fumarate, isocitrate, alpha-keto-glutarate, glutamate, malate-dehydrogenase, fumarate-hydratase, glutamate-dehydrogenase, isocitrate-dehydrogenase, aspartate-aminotransferase and after 12 h fast, the concentrations of acetyl coenzyme A and citrate. These results are discussed with regard to their possible importance for the maternal and fetal energy supply.
Induction of neurosteroid synthesis by NMDA receptors in isolated rat retina: a potential early event in excitotoxicity
1998
Here we investigated the possible regulation of neurosteroidogenesis by N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor activation and addressed the hypothesis that neurosteroid synthesis may be involved in acute excitotoxicity. In the isolated retina, exposure to NMDA modified pregnenolone and pregnenolone sulphate formation. This effect was dose and time dependent, the synthesis being increased by relatively moderate NMDA doses (1-100 microM) within 30 min exposure and reduced to its control value by 60 min or by raising drug concentrations. NMDA-stimulated neurosteroid synthesis was blocked by (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclo-hepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK-801) and 3(2-ca…
Changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission within the migraine cycle
2013
Background Although some neurophysiological studies have showed cortical excitability changes during different phases of the migraine cycle, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying attacks recurrence remain unknown. Here we evaluated the response of the migraine motor-cortex to brief trains of 5-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in order to study, indirectly, presynaptic mechanisms of glutamatergic neurotransmission across the different phases of the migraine cycle.
Influence of prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants on human cord blood levels of glutamate
2013
El pdf del artículo es la versión post-print.
Activity-dependent endogenous taurine release facilitates excitatory neurotransmission in the neocortical marginal zone of neonatal rats.
2014
In the developing cerebral cortex, the marginal zone (MZ), consisting of early-generated neurons such as Cajal-Retzius cells, plays an important role in cell migration and lamination. There is accumulating evidence of widespread excitatory neurotransmission mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the MZ. Cajal-Retzius cells express not only GABAA receptors but also α2/β subunits of glycine receptors, and exhibit glycine receptor-mediated depolarization due to high [Cl(-)]i. However, the physiological roles of glycine receptors and their endogenous agonists during neurotransmission in the MZ are yet to be elucidated. To address this question, we performed optical imaging from the MZ using …