Search results for "Genetic Structures"

Symptomatic accommodative and binocular dysfunctions from the use of flat-panel displays

2018

AIM: To determine the presence of symptomatic accommodative and non-strabismic binocular dysfunctions (ANSBD) in a non-presbyopic population of video display unit (VDU) users with flat-panel displays. METHODS: One hundred and one VDU users, aged between 20 to 34y, initially participated in the study. This study excluded contact-lens wearers and subjects who had undergone refractive surgery or had any systemic or ocular disease. First, subjects were asked about the type and nature of eye symptoms they experienced during VDU use. Then, a thorough eye examination excluded those subjects with a significant uncorrected refractive error or other problem, such as ocular motility disorders, vertica…

Role of Ocular Angiogenic Factors in the Development of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2020

Abstract Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive degenerative eye disease. Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is the advanced form of AMD characterised by abnormal growth of newly formed blood vessels in chorioidea which typically involves fluid accumulation in the retina or retinal haemorrhage, retinal epithelial detachments, hard exudate or subretinal scars. The process of angiogenesis is controlled by ocular angiogenic factors, which have enabled the development of different treatment options aimed at these factors. This review aims to compile the available information about the most commonly identified ocular angiogenic factors, uncovering their role in …

The Role of Adrenoceptors in the Retina

2020

The retina is a part of the central nervous system, a thin multilayer with neuronal lamination, responsible for detecting, preprocessing, and sending visual information to the brain. Many retinal diseases are characterized by hemodynamic perturbations and neurodegeneration leading to vision loss and reduced quality of life. Since catecholamines and respective bindings sites have been characterized in the retina, we systematically reviewed the literature with regard to retinal expression, distribution and function of alpha1 (α1)-, alpha2 (α2)-, and beta (β)-adrenoceptors (ARs). Moreover, we discuss the role of the individual adrenoceptors as targets for the treatment of retinal diseases.

Ocular Clocks: Adapting Mechanisms for Eye Functions and Health

2018

Vision is a highly rhythmic function adapted to the extensive changes in light intensity occurring over the 24-hour day. This adaptation relies on rhythms in cellular and molecular processes, which are orchestrated by a network of circadian clocks located within the retina and in the eye, synchronized to the day/night cycle and which, together, fine-tune detection and processing of light information over the 24-hour period and ensure retinal homeostasis. Systematic or high throughput studies revealed a series of genes rhythmically expressed in the retina, pointing at specific functions or pathways under circadian control. Conversely, knockout studies demonstrated that the circadian clock re…

Preservative-free fixed combination of tafluprost 0.0015% and timolol 0.5% in patients with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension: results of a…

2017

Lutz E Pillunat,1 Carl Erb,2 Auli Ropo,3 Friedemann Kimmich,4 Norbert Pfeiffer5 1Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, 2Augenklinik am Wittenbergplatz, Berlin, Germany; 3Santen Europe, Helsinki, Finland; 4eyecons, Pfinztal, 5Department of Ophthalmology, Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany Background: Efficacy, tolerability and safety of the novel preservative-free fixed combination of tafluprost 0.0015%/timolol 0.5% (Taptiqom®) were investigated in an observational study in Germany.Objective: To assess efficacy, tolerability and safety of the preservative-free fixed combination of tafluprost 0.0015%/timolol 0.5% in a real-life setti…

Visualizing Human Protein‐Protein Interactions and Subcellular Localizations on Cell Images Through CellMap

2020

Visualizing protein data remains a challenging and stimulating task. Useful and intuitive visualization tools may help advance biomolecular and medical research; unintuitive tools may bar important breakthroughs. This protocol describes two use cases for the CellMap (http://cellmap.protein.properties) web tool. The tool allows researchers to visualize human protein-protein interaction data constrained by protein subcellular localizations. In the simplest form, proteins are visualized on cell images that also show protein-protein interactions (PPIs) through lines (edges) connecting the proteins across the compartments. At a glance, this simultaneously highlights spatial constraints that prot…

2019

Background Little is known about the modulation of cortical excitability in the prefrontal cortex during fear processing in humans. Here, we aimed to transiently modulate and test the cortical excitability during fear processing using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and brain oscillations in theta and alpha frequency bands with electroencephalography (EEG). Methods We conducted two separate experiments (no-TMS and TMS). In the no-TMS experiment, EEG recordings were performed during the instructed fear paradigm in which a visual cue (CS+) was paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (electric shock), while the other visual cue was unpaired (CS-). In the TMS experiment, in addit…

Rate of concurrent augmented auditory feedback in postural control learning in adolescents

2020

Introduction: The main objective of this study was to determine the rate of auditory concurrent feedback that best enhanced the learning of a continuous postural task in adolescents. Material and methods: A sample of thirty adolescents (13 to 14-years old) was used, who were assigned to three groups: i) control group (CG); ii) 100% auditory feedback group and iii) 67% auditory feedback group. The subjects performed a pre-test, practice, post-test and a retention (24 hours after the practice). In the postural control task subjects were instructed to remain on a seesaw (unstable in anteroposterior position) and keeping it as level as possible. Results: The results demonstrated that concurrent…

Body coloration and mechanisms of colour production in Archelosauria: the case of deirocheline turtles

2019

Animal body coloration is a complex trait resulting from the interplay of multiple mechanisms. While many studies address the functions of animal coloration, the mechanisms of colour production still remain unknown in most taxa. Here we compare reflectance spectra, cellular, ultra- and nano-structure of colour-producing elements, and pigment types in two freshwater turtles with contrasting courtship behaviour,Trachemys scriptaandPseudemys concinna. The two species differ in the distribution of pigment cell-types and in pigment diversity. We found xanthophores, melanocytes, abundant iridophores and dermal collagen fibres in stripes of both species. The yellow chin and forelimb stripes of bot…

Problématiques de la nutrition en ophtalmologie – application à la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge

2014

Nutrition in ophthalmology – clinical application to age-related macular degeneration «Let food be your medicine.» This contribution from Hippocrates is still timely addressed, especially in the field of ophthalmology. Observational epidemiology reports close associations between food habits and the risk or prevention of several ocular pathologies such as cataract or Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Anti-oxidant vitamins, minerals and lipids are the nutrients that have been the most widely studied. Interventional epidemiology and experimental works partially corroborated these findings. Unexpectedly, the benefit of long chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of l…