Search results for "INGESTION"

Planktonic rotifer feeding in hypertrophic conditions

2014

We studied the role of rotifers as grazers in hypertrophic waters, dominated by poorly edible filamentous and colonial cyanobacteria. Population growth of Anuraeopsis fissa and Brachionus angularis, from hypertrophic lake Albufera in Valencia, was followed for 15 days in three treatments of different food size fractions: (a) 0–15 µm (lake water filtered through 15 µm nytal sieve), (b) 0–3 µm (15 µm lake water filtrate filtered through 3 µm nuclepore filter), and (c) 3–15 µm (re-suspension, in absolute filtered lake water, of the seston collected on the 3 µm filter, after passing lake water previously filtered through 15 µm). None of the species grew when fed the food size fraction of 3–15 µ…

Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Pesticides on the Feeding Behavior of Daphnia magna

1994

Daphnia magna was exposed to sublethal levels (1/4, 1/2, and 2/3 LC50 and LC50) of endosulfan and diazinon to determine the effect of these pesticides on filtration and ingestion rates. The experiments were performed with the unicellular algae Nannochloris oculata in a density of 5 x 10(5) cells/ml. Prior to these experiments, the acute toxicity of both pesticides was evaluated to calculate the LC50s. The 24-hr LC50 values were 0.62 mg/liter and 0.9 microgram/liter for endosulfan and diazinon, respectively. Rates of filtration and ingestion declined with increasing toxicant concentrations after a short exposure of 5 hr. The effective concentration at which feeding rates were reduced to 50% …

Influence of substrate oxidation on the reward system, no role of dietary fibre.

2011

International audience; It has been suggested that a high intake of dietary fibre helps regulate energy intake and satiety. The present study aimed to examine whether dietary fibre influenced the liking and wanting components of the food reward system, the metabolic state or subsequent intake. Five sessions involving 32 normal-weight subjects (16 men and 16 women, 30.6 ± 7.6 year) were held. The sessions differed in the composition of the bread eaten during breakfasts (dietary fibre content varied from 2.4 to 12.8 g/100 g). Several factors such as the palatability, weight, volume, energy content and macronutrient composition of the breakfasts were adjusted. Energy expenditure, the respirato…

False-Positive LSD Drug Screening Induced by a Mucolytic Medication

1998

Since the early 1990s, the ingestion of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) as an inexpensive alternative to amphetamine derivatives has once again become widespread (1)(2). Consequently, screening of LSD has gained importance in clinical routine. The drug screening of a patient with a severe craniocerebral trauma showed a positive LSD screening by the homogeneous immunoassay CEDIA® DAU LSD (Boehringer Mannheim). In spite of the 3-h half-life of LSD in plasma (3), the drug screening remained positive for several days. These samples …

Effect of the lipid regulator Gemfibrozil in the Cladocera Daphnia magna at different temperatures.

2016

ABSTRACTIn the present study, an ecotoxicological approach to the evaluation of Gemfibrozil (GEM) as an emerging organic pollutant was done. In order to assess its toxicity, tests were conducted using the cladocera Daphnia magna. Experiments were carried out at 22°C and 28°C. EC50, feeding behavior, and chronic toxicity tests (21 days) were evaluated in D. magna exposed to GEM as well as cholesterol levels at 21-day chronic exposure. D. magna GEM EC50 values (24 h) in our experimental conditions were 148.75 and 116.24 mg L−1 at 22°C and 28°C, respectively. Test concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 7.5 mg L−1 were selected for subacute and chronic experiments. Subacute short-term test (f…

Effect of the insecticide methylparathion on filtration and ingestion rates of Brachionus calyciflorus and Daphnia magna

1993

The freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and the cladocera Daphnia magna were exposed to sublethal levels of methylparathion to determine the effect on filtration and ingestion rates. The experiments were performed using the unicellular algae, Nannochloris oculata in a density of 5 × 105 cell/ml. Prior to feeding experiments, preliminary acute toxicity tests were carried out to determine 24-h LC50 values for both species, these values indicated that Daphnia magna was more sensitive to methylparathion acute exposure than Brachionus calyciflorus was. Rates of filtration and ingestion declined with increasing methylparathion concentrations after an exposure of 5 h to this toxicant. The e…

‘Threshold effect’ of increasing tocopherol ingestion upon the microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity of rat liver

1990

Comparison of the chemopreventive efficacies of garlic powders with different alliin contents against aflatoxin B1 carcinogenicity in rats

2004

Garlic (Allium sativum) is well known for its beneficial effects on health and particularly for its chemopreventive potential against cancer. The present study was designed to compare the chemopreventive efficacies of several garlic powders with various levels of alliin, a precursor of active sulfur compounds. For this purpose we used the medium-term hepatocarcinogenesis protocol (resistant hepatocyte model), which allows the detection of preneoplasic foci expressing the placental form of glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) as an end-point. Rats were fed diets containing three garlic powders (5% of the diet) with various alliin contents for 3 weeks. Garlic powders were obtained from bulbs gro…

Modulation of lipid metabolism and colonic microbial diversity of high-fat-diet C57BL/6 mice by inulin with different chain lengths

2019

Abstract The physicochemical properties, biological functions and microbial degradation of inulins differ according to their degree of polymerization. However, the relationship between inulin activities and its effect on gut microbiota remains unknown. In this study, high fat diet with inulin (1 or 5 g/kg·bw), either with short or long chains groups were administered to different groups of mice (n = 10) for 10 weeks in order to investigate the effect of inulin on the microbial diversity of the animals. Litchi pericarp procyanidins (LPPC) were used for comparison purposes. Furthermore, the lipid metabolism and key regulator genes in mice were determined. The results indicated that natural in…

Mannitol in Amanita muscaria – An osmotic blood–brain barrier disruptor enhancing its hallucinogenic action?

2013

Hypothesis have been made that relatively high level of mannitol present in the tissues of fly agaric (Amanita muscaria) enables more efficient transportation of these active substances into the brain and thus enhance their total activity. It may have been supported by the fact that hallucinogenic effect after A. muscaria consumption is greater than after ingestion of an active substance quantity which the eaten fungi dose contain.