Search results for "Induced"

Effects of compost input and tillage intensity on soil microbial biomass and activity under Mediterranean conditions

2010

Organic amendment and tillage reduction are two common practices to contrast soil organic matter decline, thus promoting sustainable cropping and carbon sequestration. In a horticultural land use system under Mediterranean climate, we evaluated the 9-year effects of two compost inputs (15 and 30 t ha−1 y−1, low and high input, respectively) and two tillage intensities (intensive and reduced) on soil macronutrients concentration, microbial biomass and activity. Total organic C, total N and POlsen were smaller in plots amended at low input, whilst intensive tillage decreased them at both compost inputs. These decreases in intensively tilled plots was ascribed to the disruption of soil aggrega…

Positive and negative electrospray ionization-collision-induced dissociation of sulfur- containing zwitterionic liquids.

2011

The mass spectrometric properties of several (1,2-dimethyl-1 H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)-alkane-1-sulfonates (alkane=ethyl, propyl and butyl) are investigated in this study. These substances, named zwitterionic liquids (ZILs), were synthesized using classical transformations and analyzed in positive and negative electrospray ionization mode using collision-induced dissociation (0–50 eV). We have also performed regioselective deuterium labeling of the alkyl chain of 3-(1,2-dimethyl-1 H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)-propane-1-sulfonates. Thus, the mass spectra of isotopically-labeled compounds were used for the confirmation of fragmentation pathways of ZILs. Briefly, the data obtained in this study show t…

Mimicking photosynthesis: covalent [60]fullerene-based donor–acceptor ensembles

2004

Abstract Within the context of exploring photophysical properties of [60]fullerene-based donor–acceptor ensembles, we highlight in this contribution an approach towards the synthesis of a novel series of donor-bridge-acceptor, C 60 –wire– ex TTF , ensembles that incorporate p -phenylenevinylene oligomers, in which the conjugation length has been systematically increased, as bridges that connect π-extended tetrathiafulvalenes (exTTF) (electron donor) with [60]fullerene (electron acceptor). This molecular design allows probing the effects of distance and rate, at which electron transfer processes occur, as well as the molecular-wire behavior of the oligo-PPV fragments.

Thermo- and light responsive micellation of azobenzene containing block copolymers

2010

In this communication, the synthesis and characterization of thermo- and light responsive block copolymers is reported. PEO-b-PNIPAM polymers with azobenzene moieties were prepared and analyzed by turbidimetry, fluorescence, NMR and DLS measurements. A temperature controlled reversible formation as well as a light induced disruption and reformation of micellar structures in water was found.

Photoinduced electron transfer in molecular organizates at the gas-water interface

1994

Abstract The influence of the molecular geometry is of fundamental importance for a better understanding of the photoinduced electron transfer mechanism. Because of their typical molecular structures, cyclophane rings have proved to be suitable for this purpose as electron acceptor molecules adsorbed under an amphiphile monolayer. We used a pyrene-labelled phospholipid derivative both as molecular anchor for the cyclophane ring and electron donor molecule. The co-spreading technique was used to prepare the complex monolayers. Surface pressure and surface potential measurements have indicated similar monolayer behaviour as with dimyristoylphosphatidic acid as anchor molecule, leading to the …

In vivo analysis of noise dependent activation of white blood cells and microvascular dysfunction in mice

2021

This article contains supporting information on data collection for the research article entitled “Aircraft noise exposure drives the activation of white blood cells and induces microvascular dysfunction in mice” by Eckrich et al. We found that noise-induced stress triggered microvascular dysfunction via involvement of innate immune-derived reactive oxygen species. In this article, we present the instrumentation of mice with dorsal skinfold chambers for in vivo microscopic imaging of blood flow, interaction of leukocytes with the vascular wall (also by fluorescent labelling of blood cells) and vessel diameter. In addition, we explain the preparation of cerebral arterioles for measurement of…

1975

The formation and the behaviour of radiation induced free radicals in poly[1-(tert-butoxy carbonylthio)ethylene] (2) and in a statistical copolymer 4 from O-tert-butyl S-vinyl thiocarbonate (1) with N-vinylpyrrolidone (1:1) was studied, using ESR spectroscopy. After γ-irradiation at 77 K, tert-butyl radicals and other species were detected in the polymers. The yield for the homopolymer was evaluated to be Gtert-butyl = 0.18. Investigations on the behaviour of radicals with an annealing procedure revealed, that at first the tert-butyl radicals disappear with increasing temperature and that a further warming up leads to a concentration rise of this radical species. A radical cation localized …

Guest-Induced Folding and Self-Assembly of Conformationally Adaptive Macrocycles into Nanosheets and Nanotubes

2017

A conformationally adaptive macrocycle is presented, namely zorb[4]arene, which exists in multiple conformations in the uncomplexed state. The binding cavity of zorb[4]arene is concealed, either due to a collapsed conformation or by self-inclusion. The zorb[4]arene with long alkyl chains manifests itself with surprisingly low melting point and thus exist as an oil at room temperature. Binding of a guest molecule induces the folding and conformational rigidity of zorb[4]arene and leads to well-defined three-dimensional structures, which can further self-assemble into nanosheets or nanotubes upon solvent evaporation, depending on guest molecules and the conformations they can induce.

ChemInform Abstract: Light Induced C-C Coupling of 2-Chlorobenzazoles with Carbamates, Alcohols, and Ethers.

2016

A light induced, transition-metal-free C-C coupling reaction of 2-chlorobenzazoles with aliphatic carbamates, alcohols, and ethers is presented. Inexpensive reagents, namely sodium acetate, benzophenone, water, and acetonitrile, are employed in a simple reaction protocol using a cheap and widely available 25 W energy saving UV-A lamp at ambient temperature.

1973

The mechanism of radiation-induced polymerizations in the solid state has been a subject mostly open to speculation. As radiation usually generates several kinds of active species (radicals and ions) it is difficult to find out, which of these actually causes polymerization. We have developped a method distinguishing between cationic and anionic active centers. Cationic polymerizations are terminated by addition of a base such as sodium alkoxide in a suitable solvent. The alkoxide is incorporated into the polymer as an endgroup. This endgroup is determined analytically after isolation and purification of the polymer. The incorporation of alkoxy endgroups into the polymer is a proof of the o…