Search results for "NEUROSCIENCE"

Practical importance of neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease.

2003

Consensus could be reached that there is overwhelming evidence of preclinical neuroprotection. However, the evidence of neuroprotection/neurorescue under clinical conditions is limited. Lessons from clinical trials designed to show neuroprotection (selegiline, amantadine, dopamine agonists) demonstrate that with the drugs available neuroprotection/neurorescue has to start as early as possible. A PET-controlled clinical trial with ropinirole shows that there seems to be a good chance for neuroprotection in the early phase of Parkinson's disease in patients treated from the very beginning of the disease while there is no such benefit in patients with a late start of a neuroprotective therapeu…

Study and modulation of human cortical excitability with transcranial magnetic stimulation.

1998

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be applied in different paradigms to obtain a measure of various aspects of cortical excitability. These different TMS paradigms provide information about different neurotransmitter systems, enhance our understanding about the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric conditions, and in the future may be helpful as a guide for pharmacological interventions. In addition, repetitive TMS (rTMS) modulates cortical excitability beyond the duration of the rTMS trains themselves. Depending on rTMS parameters, a lasting inhibition or facilitation of cortical excitability can be induced. These effects can be demonstrated neurophysiologically or by combining rTMS…

Economic Evaluation in Neurological Physiotherapy: A Systematic Review

2021

This systematic review was carried out to compile and assess original studies that included economic evaluations of neurological physiotherapy interventions. A thorough search of PubMED, Cochrane and Embase was developed using keywords such as health economics, neurological physiotherapy and cost analysis, and studies published during the last six-year term were selected. A total of 3124 studies were analyzed, and 43 were eligible for inclusion. Among the studies analyzed, 48.8% were interventions for stroke patients, and 13.9% were focused on Parkinson’s disease. In terms of the countries involved, 46.5% of the studies included were developed in the UK, and 13.9% were from the USA. The eco…

Common risk factors of three diseases.

1992

Is lack of habituation a biomarker of migraine? A critical perspective

2015

Processing of sensory stimuli has been supposed to be dysfunctioning in migraine. A basis for such abnormality has been identified in a defective ability to habituate to repetitive sensorial stimulation. Habituation, i.e. the way the nervous system attenuates response to repeated non noxious stimuli is a fundamental function of sensory systems, that allows appropriate adaptation of neural responses to the relevance of incoming stimuli. In humans, habituation can be studied by evoked potentials where it is indexed by a reduction of amplitude of the evoked response to repeated stimulation. After the first evidence by Schoenen et al in 1995[1] of reduced habituation to visual evoked potentials…

Changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission within the migraine cycle

2013

Background Although some neurophysiological studies have showed cortical excitability changes during different phases of the migraine cycle, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying attacks recurrence remain unknown. Here we evaluated the response of the migraine motor-cortex to brief trains of 5-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in order to study, indirectly, presynaptic mechanisms of glutamatergic neurotransmission across the different phases of the migraine cycle.

EHMTI-0220. Cortical excitability in episodic cluster headache.

2014

Methods Twenty-five patients with episodic CH and thirteen healthy subjects underwent an experimental session where we evaluated, in both hemispheres, motor-cortical response to: 1) single-pulse TMS: i.e. motor threshold (MT); input-output (IO) curves and cortical silent period (CSP) and 2) paired-pulse TMS: i.e. intracortical facilitation (ICF) and short intracortical inhibition (SICI). Thirteen patients were evaluated outside bout, while the remaining twelve patients were inside bout at the time of recording.

O046. Color vision and visual cortex excitability are impaired in episodic migraine. Simply coexisting or pathophysiologically related dysfunctions?

2015

Background and objectives Evidence of abnormal color vision processing in migraine comes from observation of positive symptoms during visual aura, effects of strong color contrast triggering attacks and of colored-spectacles reducing migraine frequency. Although the central or peripheral basis of such color misperception remains unclear, several authors reported a selective deficit of shortwavelength cones (S-cones) [1]. Sound-induced flash illusions (SIFI) are a simple way to describe visual distorsion induced by acoustic perception. SIFI critically depend on excitability of primary visual cortex (V1) as they are reduced by facilitatory anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)…

O069. Menstrual cycle affects cortical excitability differently in females with migraine and in healthy controls: a new perspective by cross modal so…

2015

The sound-induced flash illusions (SIFI) represent a valid tool to explore multimodal perception and are critically dependent on visual and acoustic cortical excitability [1, 2]. In a previous study [3], we observed a significant reduction of illusions in migraine patients with respect to healthy controls, probably due to a condition of visual cortex hyperexcitability. Aim of the present study was to evaluate SIFI perceptions in healthy women and patients with menstrual migraine and to describe the effects of cyclical change of steroid hormones and cortical responsiveness.

Erfassung von Neurotransmitterinteraktionen mit PET und SPECT durch pharmakologische Challenge-Paradigmen

2000

Functional brain imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) enables the in vivo study of specific neurochemical processes in the context of normal regulatory mechanisms and pathophysiological alterations of the brain. By combining these methods with pharmacological challenge-paradigms, the study of functional interactions of different neurotransmitter systems is possible. This review will present data from animal and healthy volunteer studies as well as first data from investigations in different patient populations with regard to this research direction. Especially, interactions of different neurotransmitter systems with the d…