Search results for "Reactive"

Interface thermodynamic model for low pressure evaporation

1979

Hybrid organic-inorganic light-emitting diodes.

2011

The demonstration of colour tunability and high efficiency has brought organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) into the displays and lighting market. However, high production costs due to expensive deposition techniques and the use of reactive materials still limit their market entry, highlighting the need for novel concepts. This has driven the research towards the integration of both organic and inorganic materials into devices that benefit from their respective peculiar properties. The most representative example of this tendency is the application of metal oxides in organic optoelectronics. Metal oxides combine properties such as high transparency, good electrical conductivities, tuneable…

Porous inorganic–organic hybrid material by oxygen plasma treatment

2011

In this paper, we present the pore formation on inorganic–organic hybrid material, ORMOCER©, by reactive ion etching. ORMOCERs are composed of inorganic backbone where organic side groups are attached by cross-linking. Etching of ORMOCER in oxygen plasma generates porous materials with different pore sizes depending on the etching parameters. In addition to planar films, this pore formation process is applicable to micro and nanostructures. Characteristics of porous materials are evaluated by contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy, time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis and Rutherford backscatte…

Structure and chemical bonds in reactively sputtered black Ti–C–N–O thin films

2011

The evolution of the nanoscale structure and the chemical bonds formed in Ti–C–N–O films grown by reactive sputtering were studied as a function of the composition of the reactive atmosphere by increasing the partial pressure of an O2+N2 gas mixture from 0 up to 0.4 Pa, while that of acetylene (carbon source) was constant. The amorphisation of the films observed by transmission electron microscopy was confirmed by micro- Raman spectroscopy, but it was not the only effect associated to the increase of the O2+N2 partial pressure. The chemical environment of titanium and carbon, analysed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, also changes due to the higher affinity of Ti towards oxygen and nitro…

Evolution of the morphology and characterzation of compatibilized PBT/EVA blends prepared by reactive extrusion

2006

In this work, the possibility of preparing compatibilized blends of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer by reactive extrusion in the presence of an ethylene acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) and a bisoxazoline compound (PBO) as compatibilization promoters has been studied. In addition, the evolution of the morphology of the blends under different annealing conditions in the presence and absence of the compatibilizing promoters has been studied. Binary blends of PBT and EVA showed behavior typical of incompatible blends with a gross morphology and bad mechanical performance. The situation was however different for ternary PBT/EVA/EAA and especially for…

High power impulse magnetron sputtering of Zn/Al target in an Ar and Ar/O2 atmosphere: The study of sputtering process and AZO films

2019

Financial support provided by Scientific Research Project for Students and Young Researchers Nr. SJZ/2017/4 realised at the Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia is greatly acknowledged.

Power ultrasound irradiation during the alkaline etching process of the 2024 aluminium alloy

2015

Abstract Prior to any surface treatment on an aluminum alloy, a surface preparation is necessary. This commonly consists in performing an alkaline etching followed by acid deoxidizing. In this work, the use of power ultrasound irradiation during the etching step on the 2024 aluminum alloy was studied. The etching rate was estimated by weight loss, and the alkaline film formed during the etching step was characterized by glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The benefit of power ultrasound during the etching step was confirmed by pitting potential measurement in NaCl solution after a post-treatment (anodizing).

Development of dark Ti(C,O,N) coatings prepared by reactive sputtering

2008

Accepted manuscript

Effect of germanium addition on the properties of reactively sputtered ZrN films

2005

For the first time, Zr-Ge-N films were deposited on silicon and steel substrates by sputtering a Zr-Ge composite target in reactive Ar-N2 mixture. The films were characterised by electron probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy and depth-sensing indentation. The effects of the Ge content and substrate bias voltage on the films' structure, internal stress, hardness and oxidation resistance were investigated. Substrate bias strongly influenced the chemical composition of the films being observed by means of a steep decrease in the Ge content for negative bias voltages higher than -80 V. In these cases, a significant hardness improvement was registered. For -100 V bias…

Toxicity of gold-nanoparticles: Synergistic effects of shape and surface functionalization on micromotility of epithelial cells

2010

Nanoparticle exposure is monitored by a combination of two label-free and non-invasive biosensor devices which detect cellular shape and viscoelasticity (quartz crystal microbalance), cell motility and the dynamics of epithelial cell-cell contacts (electric cell-substrate impedance sensing). With these tools we have studied the impact of nanoparticle shape on cellular physiology. Gold (Au) nanoparticles coated with CTAB were synthesized and studied in two distinct shapes: Spheres with a diameter of (43 ± 4) nm and rods with a size of (38 ± 7) nm × (17 ± 3) nm. Dose-response experiments were accompanied by conventional cytotoxicity tests as well as fluorescence and dark-field microscopy to v…