Search results for "compatibility"
showing 10 items of 859 documents
Fluoropolymer Based on a Polyaspartamide containing 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Units: A Potential Artificial Oxygen (O2) Carrier
2007
Abstract In this preliminary work we have prepared a fluorinated polymer capable of solubilizing an appreciable amount of O(2) and, at the same time, maintaining a higher water solubility than perfluoroalkanes investigated as injectable O(2) carriers. In particular, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a new macromolecular conjugate obtained by derivatization of alpha,beta-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA) with 5-pentafluorophenyl-3-perfluoroheptyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole, called PHEA-F. This new water soluble fluoropolymer was prepared in high yield using a simple procedure. It was characterized by FT-IR and UV-vis spectrophotometry, (19)F-NMR and SEC measurements. O(2) so…
Interactions of α-tocopherol with biomembrane models: Binding to dry lecithin reversed micelles
2005
Abstract The state of α-tocopherol (Vitamin E) in solutions of dry lecithin reversed micelles dispersed in an apolar medium has been investigated as a function of the Vitamin E to surfactant molar ratio (RVE) at fixed surfactant concentration by FT-IR, 1H NMR and SAXS with the aim to emphasize the role played by anisotropic intermolecular interactions and confinement effects as driving forces of its partitioning between apolar bulk solvent and polar nanodomains and of mutual Vitamin E/reversed micelle effects. It has been found that its binding strength to reversed micelles, triggered by steric and orientational constrains, is mainly regulated by specific interactions between the hydrophili…
Ecologie évolutive de la malaria aviaire : effets des caractéristiques de l'hôte et de l'environnement
2012
Host-parasite interactions are one of the main topics in evolutionary sciences. This complex coevolution depends on several trade-offs and can be influenced by environmental factors. Here, we propose to study host-parasite interactions with a multi-level approach, using experimental and natural population studies, focusing on avian malaria parasites. First, we studied the effect of host characteristics, and more precisely the immune system. The immune system confers benefits in terms of protection against the parasite, but can also generated immunopathological costs. Life history traits, like age or social status, appear to modify parasitemia but not prevalence. In a second part, we evaluat…
Sex-specific impact of inbreeding on pathogen load in the striped dolphin.
2020
The impact of inbreeding on fitness has been widely studied and provides consequential inference about adaptive potential and the impact on survival for reduced and fragmented natural populations. Correlations between heterozygosity and fitness are common in the literature, but they rarely inform about the likely mechanisms. Here, we investigate a pathology with a clear impact on health in striped dolphin hosts (a nematode infection that compromises lung function). Dolphins varied with respect to their parasite burden of this highly pathogenic lung nematode (Skrjabinalius guevarai). Genetic diversity revealed by high-resolution restriction-associated DNA (43 018 RADseq single nucleotide pol…
Females tend to prefer genetically similar mates in an island population of house sparrows.
2014
11 pages; International audience; BACKGROUND: It is often proposed that females should select genetically dissimilar mates to maximize offspring genetic diversity and avoid inbreeding. Several recent studies have provided mixed evidence, however, and in some instances females seem to prefer genetically similar males. A preference for genetically similar mates can be adaptive if outbreeding depression is more harmful than inbreeding depression or if females gain inclusive fitness benefits by mating with close kin. Here, we investigated genetic compatibility and mating patterns in an insular population of house sparrow (Passer domesticus), over a three-year period, using 12 microsatellite mar…
HLA Class I and II Diversity Contributes to the Etiologic Heterogeneity of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes
2018
Abstract A growing number of loci within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region have been implicated in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) etiology. Here, we test a complementary hypothesis of “heterozygote advantage” regarding the role of HLA and NHL, whereby HLA diversity is beneficial and homozygous HLA loci are associated with increased disease risk. HLA alleles at class I and II loci were imputed from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using SNP2HLA for 3,617 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), 2,686 follicular lymphomas (FL), 2,878 chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphomas (CLL/SLL), 741 marginal zone lymphomas (MZL), and 8,753 controls of European descent. Both DLBCL…
Nose-to-brain delivery of insulin enhanced by a nanogel carrier.
2018
Recent evidences suggest that insulin delivery to the brain can be an important pharmacological therapy for some neurodegenerative pathologies, including Alzheimer disease (AD). Due to the presence of the Blood Brain Barrier, a suitable carrier and an appropriate route of administration are required to increase the efficacy and safety of the treatment. Here, poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)-based nanogels (NG), synthetized by e-beam irradiation, alone and with covalently attached insulin (NG-In) were characterized for biocompatibility and brain delivery features in a mouse model. Preliminarily, the biodistribution of the "empty" nanocarrier after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection was investigated b…
Tumor Lipids of Pediatric Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Stimulate Unconventional T Cells
2020
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is a rare entity in children with no established therapy protocols for advanced diseases. Immunotherapy is emerging as an important therapeutic tool for childhood cancer. Tumor cells can be recognized and killed by conventional and unconventional T cells. Unconventional T cells are able to recognize lipid antigens presented via CD1 molecules independently from major histocompatibility complex, which offers new alternatives for cancer immunotherapies. The nature of those lipids is largely unknown and α-galactosylceramide is currently used as a synthetic model antigen. In this work, we analyzed infiltrating lymphocytes of two pediatric PRCCs using flow cy…
Anti-HLA alloantibodies of the IgA isotype in re-transplant candidates part II: Correlation with graft survival
2017
We reported previously on the widespread occurrence of anti-HLA alloantibodies of the IgA isotype (anti-HLA IgA) in the sera of solid-organ re-transplantation (re-tx) candidates (Arnold et al., ). Specifically focussing on kidney re-tx patients, we now extended our earlier findings by examining the impact of the presence and donor specificity of anti-HLA IgA on graft survival. We observed frequent concurrence of anti-HLA IgA and anti-HLA IgG in 27% of our multicenter collective of 694 kidney re-tx patients. This subgroup displayed significantly reduced graft survival as evidenced by the median time to first dialysis after transplantation (TTD 77 months) compared to patients carrying either …
Exploring the MHC-peptide matrix of central tolerance in the human thymus
2013
Ever since it was discovered that central tolerance to self is imposed on developing T cells in the thymus through their interaction with self-peptide major histocompatibility complexes on thymic antigen-presenting cells, immunologists have speculated about the nature of these peptides, particularly in humans. Here, to shed light on the so-far unknown human thymic peptide repertoire, we analyse peptides eluted from isolated thymic dendritic cells, dendritic cell-depleted antigen-presenting cells and whole thymus. Bioinformatic analysis of the 842 identified natural major histocompatibility complex I and II ligands reveals significant cross-talk between major histocompatibility complex-class…