Search results for "regulator"
showing 10 items of 1009 documents
The expression level of GCNF affects fate choice during neural differentiation of PCC7 cells
2005
The nuclear receptor GCNF (NR6A1) is required for embryonic survival and development, and regulation of fertility. We used a transgenic approach to investigate its role in neural differentiation. As model we chose the embryonal carcinoma cell line PCC7, which reproducibly differentiates into a tissue-like pattern of neuronal and non-neuronal cells after exposure to retinoic acid (RA). The differentiation pattern of gcnf sense and antisense clones consistently indicated that the expression level of GCNF positively correlated with the development of the neuronal fate. Moreover, antisense clones failed to down-regulate expression of the key regulator of differentiation Oct4 during the initial …
A novel approach to CFTR mutation testing by pyrosequencing-based assay panels adapted to ethnicities.
2009
Abstract Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by a variety of sequence alterations in the CFTR gene [cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (ATP-binding cassette sub-family C, member 7)]. Because the relative prevalence of mutations strongly depends on the ethnic background, first-level testing of CF as defined by recent consensus recommendations ought to be adaptable to the ethnicity of patients. Methods: We therefore developed and implemented a diagnostic approach to first-level testing for CF based on published mutation frequencies and Pyrosequencing (PSQ) technology that we complemented with standard procedures of mutation…
Open and closed inflorescences: more than simple opposites
2010
The absence of a terminal flower in inflorescences (‘open inflorescences’) is currently explained by the maintenance of putative stem-cells in the central zone (CZ) of the inflorescence meristem (IM) governed by the CLAVATA– WUSCHEL regulatory loop. Disruption of this regulatory pathway, as in Arabidopsis TERMINAL FLOWER LOCUS 1 mutants, leads to terminal flower production. However, recent studies in other taxa reveal novel mechanisms of inflorescence termination; for example, the SEPALLATA-like MADS-box floral identity gene GERBERA REGULATOR OF CAPITULUM DEVELOPMENT 2 in Gerbera excludes the retention of a CZ as an ontogenetic cause for the openness of these inflorescences. Moreover, compa…
Fitness of Members of Supervisory Board
2015
This chapter deals with the fitness of members of supervisory boards. Since 2009, German insurance regulatory law has provided internal qualification standards for the supervisory board members of insurance companies. In accordance with Paragraph 7a, sec. 4, clause 1 of the VAG [German Insurance Supervision Act], the members of supervisory boards must be able to fulfill their tasks and supervisory functions in accordance with their level of expertise. This new requirement comports with the previous standards of German corporate law, established by the BGH [German Federal Court of Justice] in its “Hertie”-ruling. As such, this ruling will also serve as a basis to interpret the expertise requ…
GDF15: an emerging modulator of immunity and a strategy in COVID-19 in association with iron metabolism
2021
International audience; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 encodes the structural proteins spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N). The receptor-binding domain on the surface subunit S1 is responsible for attachment of the virus to angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is highly expressed in host cells. The cytokine storm observed in patients with COVID-19 contributes to the endothelial vascular dysfunction, which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan failure, alteration in iron homeostasi…
Modulation of lipid metabolism and colonic microbial diversity of high-fat-diet C57BL/6 mice by inulin with different chain lengths
2019
Abstract The physicochemical properties, biological functions and microbial degradation of inulins differ according to their degree of polymerization. However, the relationship between inulin activities and its effect on gut microbiota remains unknown. In this study, high fat diet with inulin (1 or 5 g/kg·bw), either with short or long chains groups were administered to different groups of mice (n = 10) for 10 weeks in order to investigate the effect of inulin on the microbial diversity of the animals. Litchi pericarp procyanidins (LPPC) were used for comparison purposes. Furthermore, the lipid metabolism and key regulator genes in mice were determined. The results indicated that natural in…
Functional citric acid cycle in an arcA mutant of Escherichia coli during growth with nitrate under anoxic conditions
1998
The operation of the citric acid cycle of Escherichia coli during nitrate respiration (anoxic conditions) was studied by measuring end products and enzyme activities. Excretion of products other than CO2, such as acetate or ethanol, was taken as an indication for a non-functional cycle. From glycerol, approximately 0.3 mol acetate was produced; the residual portion was completely oxidized, indicating the presence of a partially active citric acid cycle. In an arcA mutant devoid of the transcriptional regulator ArcA, glycerol was completely oxidized with nitrate as an electron acceptor, demonstrating derepression and function of the complete pathway. Glucose, on the other hand, was excreted …
High osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signalling in Magnaporthe oryzae: Identification of MoYPD1 and its role in osmoregulation, fungicide action, and patho…
2015
AbstractThis study comprises a first functional analysis of an YPD1-homologue in filamentous phytopathogenic fungi and its role in the HOG signalling pathway. We generated a gene deletion mutant of the gene MoYPD1 in Magnaporthe oryzae and characterized the resulting mutant strain. We have shown that MoYpd1p is a component of the phosphorelay system acting in the HOG pathway due to its Y2H protein interaction with the HKs MoHik1p and MoSln1p as well as with the response regulator MoSsk1p. Fungicidal activity of fludioxonil was reported to be based on the inhibition of MoHik1p resulting in hyperactivation of the HOG signalling pathway and lethality. Western analysis proved that both, osmotic…
Rapid adaptation of signaling networks in the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae
2019
Abstract Background One fundamental question in biology is how the evolution of eukaryotic signaling networks has taken place. “Loss of function” (lof) mutants from components of the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signaling pathway in the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae are viable, but impaired in osmoregulation. Results After long-term cultivation upon high osmolarity, stable individuals with reestablished osmoregulation capacity arise independently from each of the mutants with inactivated HOG pathway. This phenomenon is extremely reproducible and occurs only in osmosensitive mutants related to the HOG pathway – not in other osmosensitive Magnaporthe mutants. The major compatible so…
Differential expression of the invertase-encoding SUC genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1992
Invertase (INV) is encoded in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by a family of genes, comprising SUC1-SUC5 and SUC7. Production of INV is highly variable, dependent on the strain and SUC gene present in the cell. The differences in INV production derive from the structure of the genes or are dependent on the genetic background of the strain. Centromeric plasmids (based on YCp50) carrying one of the SUC genes (except SUC7) were introduced into a strain (SEY2101) lacking SUC genes. The INV produced by the transformants was dependent on the individual SUC genes, and correlated with INV mRNA levels. Plasmids in which SUC2 had been placed under control of promoters from the other SUC genes, were used to …