Search results for "synthesis"

showing 10 items of 2844 documents

High-Yield Formation of Arbutin from Hydroquinone by Cell-Suspension Cultures ofRauwolfia serpentina

1992

High-density cell-suspension cultures of Rauwolfia serpentina cultivated in a nutrition medium optimized for the production of the glucoalkaloid raucaffricine synthesize hydroquinone glycosides from continuously added hydroquinone with a total yield of 23.87 g/1 (18 g/1 of arbutin and 5.87 g/1 of a hydroquinone diglycoside) in 7 days. This arbutin production is by far the highest formation of a natural product by plant-cell-culture systems reported to date.

chemistry.chemical_classificationChromatographyNatural productApocynaceaebiologyHydroquinoneChemistryOrganic ChemistryArbutinGlycosidebiology.organism_classificationBiochemistrySuspension cultureCatalysisInorganic Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundBiosynthesisBiochemistryYield (chemistry)Drug DiscoveryPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryHelvetica Chimica Acta
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Polymer support synthesis

1989

Non-porous silica gel microbeads of diameter 1.5 microns have been investigated as supports for oligonucleotide synthesis. In the preparation of oligothymidylates of chain length up to 150 bases, with 5'-di-p-anisylphenylmethyl-3'-phosphoramidite as an intermediate, the average yields per chain elongation were up to 99%. Lower overall yields were observed in the case of a support which developed a strong tendency towards aggregation after the build up of an oligonucleotide coating.

chemistry.chemical_classificationChromatographyOligonucleotideSilica gelOrganic ChemistryGeneral MedicinePolymerengineering.materialOligonucleotide synthesisBiochemistryAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundChain lengthchemistryCoatingPolymer chemistryengineeringElongationPorosityJournal of Chromatography A
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Application of CEC procedures for the analysis of synthetic peptides: characterization of linear immunogenic peptides that mimic a HIV-1 gp120 epitope

2002

In this study, we describe the application of a new analytical procedure based on capillary electrochromatographic(CEC) techniques for the characterization of different basic and acidic peptides using isocratic eluent conditions containing acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffers of different molarities between pH 3.8 and 5.2. In particular,10 immunogenic peptide analogs with isoelectric points ranging from 3.7 to 10.1 were investigated; nine of these peptides, 1-9, were truncated analogs of the parent peptide, 10, which is a peptidomimetic related to a HIV-1 gp120 epitope. Several of these peptides have the propensity to form alpha-helical secondary structures in solution. Electrochromato…

chemistry.chemical_classificationChromatographyPeptidomimeticElutionPeptideBiochemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundElectrophoresisEndocrinologyIsoelectric pointColumn chromatographychemistryPeptide synthesisAmmonium acetateThe Journal of Peptide Research
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ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Addition of Nitromethane to α-Keto Esters Catalyzed by Copper(II)-Iminopyridine Complexes.

2008

The copper complex of a chiral iminopyridine easily prepared from (R)-(−)-fenchone and picolylamine catalyzes the enantioselective Henry (nitroaldol) reaction between nitromethane and α-keto esters. Good yields and modest to good enantioselectivities are obtained for a wide range of α-keto esters, bearing aromatic, alkyl or alkenyl groups attached to the ketone carbonyl group.

chemistry.chemical_classificationCopper complexKetoneNitromethaneEnantioselective synthesischemistry.chemical_elementGeneral MedicineCarbonyl groupCopperMedicinal chemistryCatalysischemistry.chemical_compoundchemistrylipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)AlkylChemInform
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Large Scale Synthesis of Mono- and Di-urethane Derivatives of Lysine.

1999

Orthogonally protected diurethane derivatives of lysine are valuable materials for peptide syntheses. An example is ZLys(Boc), which is exploited in the industrial production of certain well-established peptide drugs. 3,4) Another derivative is Fmoc-Lys(Boc), which is in common use in the laboratory synthesis of peptides. 5) The simplest route to these lysine derivatives seems to be using the copper complex for simultaneous protection of the a-amino and a-carboxyl function, N e -tert-butoxycarbonylation and then copper detachment. The obtained Lys(Boc) might be then subjected to N a -benzyloxycarbonylation.

chemistry.chemical_classificationCopper complexStereochemistryLysinechemistry.chemical_elementPeptideGeneral ChemistryGeneral MedicineCopperChemical synthesisDerivative (finance)chemistryDrug DiscoveryAliphatic compoundProtecting groupChemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
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Straightforward Stereoselective Access to Cyclic Peptidomimetics

2009

The preparation of cyclic dipeptide mimetics from chiral imino lactones derived from (R)-phenylglycinol is described. Key steps of the synthetic route included the fully stereoselective construction of a quaternary center, the formation of six-, seven-, or eight-membered lactams by means of an RCM cyclization, and the introduction of a new amino group within the lactam ring. The synthesis of a tripeptide mimetic is also reported.

chemistry.chemical_classificationCyclic compoundDipeptideChemistryStereochemistryMolecular MimicryOrganic ChemistryGlycineStereoisomerismDipeptidesTripeptideRing (chemistry)Peptides CyclicChemical synthesisCyclic peptideLactoneschemistry.chemical_compoundCyclizationEthanolaminesLactamLactone
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Species-Specific Aggregation Factor In Sponges.

1978

In dissociated single cells from the sponge Geodia cydonium, DNA synthesis is initiated after incubation with a homologous, soluble aggregation factor. During the DNA-initiation phase the cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP levels vary drastically; the cyclic AMP content drops from 2.2 pmol/10(6) cells to 0.3 pmol/10(6) cells while the cyclic GMP content increases from 0.6 pmol to 3.7 pmol/10(6) cells. The activity of neither the adenylate cyclase nor of the guanylate cyclase isolated from cells which have been incubated for different periods of time with the aggregation factor, is changed. The soluble as well as the particulate enzyme activities were checked in vitro. The cyclic nucleotide receptor…

chemistry.chemical_classificationDNA synthesisAdenylate kinasePhosphodiesteraseCell BiologyGeneral MedicineBiologyCyclaseCell aggregationDissociation constantCyclic nucleotidechemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryBiochemistryNucleotideCell Proliferation
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(S)-Mandelic acid enolate as a chiral benzoyl anion equivalent for the enantioselective synthesis of non-symmetrically substituted benzoins

2011

A strategy for the enantioselective synthesis of non-symmetrically substituted benzoins from (S)-mandelic acid and aromatic aldehydes has been developed. This strategy is based on a diastereoselective aldol reaction of the lithium enolate of the 1,3-dioxolan-4-one derived from (S)-mandelic acid and pivalaldehyde with aromatic aldehydes, which gives the corresponding aldols in good yields. Subsequent hydroxyl group protection as MEM ethers, basic hydrolysis of the dioxolanone ring, oxidative decarboxylation of the α-hydroxy acid moiety, and hydroxyl group deprotection provides chiral non-symmetrically substituted benzoins with high enantiomeric excesses.

chemistry.chemical_classificationDecarboxylationorganic chemicalsOrganic ChemistryEnantioselective synthesisMandelic acidBiochemistryAldehydechemistry.chemical_compoundAldol reactionchemistryDrug Discoverypolycyclic compoundsOrganic chemistryAldol condensationEnantiomeric excessOxidative decarboxylationTetrahedron
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Stereoselective Total Synthesis of the Diastereomeric Tricyclic Alkaloids Tetraponerine-7 and Tetraponerine-8 Using O-Pivalo­ylated d-Arabinopyranosy…

2015

Based on a diastereoselective domino Mannich–Michael reaction cascade of 2- N -[( S )-3-{(benzyloxycarbonyl)[4-( tert -butyldiphenylsiloxy)butyl]amino}octylidene]-2,3,4-tri- O -pivaloyl-α- d -arabinopyranosylamine with the Danishefsky diene, the major component of the neurotoxic venom of the New Guinean ant Tetraponera punctulata , tetraponerine-8, and its diastereomer tetraponerine-7 were synthesized in pure form. While the Mannich reaction of the arabinosyl imine of the required ( S )-configured β-aminoaldehyde gave the 2-substituted piperidinone precursor of tetraponerine-8 with excellent diastereoselectivity, the analogous Mannich reaction of the ( R )-configured β-aminoaldehyde afforde…

chemistry.chemical_classificationDieneStereochemistryOrganic ChemistryImineDiastereomerTotal synthesisCatalysischemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryStereoselectivitySelectivityMannich reactionTricyclicSynthesis
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Synthesis of cyclic dipeptide templates, their incorporation into peptides and studies on their conformational and biological properties.

2009

This study investigated the diastereoselective synthesis of three dipeptide templates 1, 2 and 3, which may be regarded as conformationally restricted analogs of H-Gly-Xaa-OH, in which Xaa constitutes an aromatic amino acid. Bond formation between α-C of Gly and the aromatic moiety was achieved by proton-catalyzed intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution. The absolute configuration of the dipeptide templates was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography or by nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements. A protective group strategy was elaborated to allow their incorporation into peptide sequences by liquid phase as well as by solid-phase peptide synthesis. The templates w…

chemistry.chemical_classificationDipeptideStereochemistryProtein ConformationAbsolute configurationPeptideDermorphinTemplates GeneticElectrophilic aromatic substitutionCrystallography X-RayBiochemistryCombinatorial chemistryPeptides Cyclicchemistry.chemical_compoundStructure-Activity RelationshipEndocrinologychemistryPeptide synthesisAromatic amino acidsIsoquinolineThe journal of peptide research : official journal of the American Peptide Society
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