Search results for "techniques"
showing 10 items of 4426 documents
Cold tolerance and cold-induced modulation of gene expression in two Drosophila virilis group species with different distributions
2011
Abstract The importance of high and low temperature tolerance in adaptation to changing environmental conditions has evoked new interest in modulations in gene expression and metabolism linked with stress tolerance. We investigated the effects of rapid cold hardening and cold acclimatization on the chill coma recovery times of two Drosophila virilis group species, Drosophila montana and D. virilis, with different distributions and utilized a candidate gene approach to trace changes in their gene expression during and after the cold treatments. The study showed that cold acclimatization clearly decreases chill coma recovery times in both species, whereas rapid cold hardening did not have a s…
Transcriptome Fingerprint of Bovine 2-Cell Stage Blastomeres Is Directly Correlated with the Individual Developmental Competence of the Corresponding…
2012
To date, gene expression profiles of bovine preimplantation embryos have only been indirectly related to developmental potential due to the invasive nature of such procedures. This study sought to find a direct correlation between transcriptome fingerprint of blastomeres of bovine 2-cell stage embryos with developmental competence of the corresponding sister blastomeres. Isolated blastomeres were classified according to the sister blastomere's development into three groups: two groups displayed developmental incompetency, including those blastomeres whose corresponding sister blastomeres either stopped cleaving after separation (2CB) or were blocked after two additional cleavages before emb…
Detection of mammalian carcinogens with an immunological DNA synthesis-inhibition test.
1992
There is a close relationship between genotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. But the controversy of which short-term test system best recognizes human carcinogens is still going on. Currently, the Salmonella gene mutation assay ('Ames test') is the most widely used test for the screening of mutagens. However, many in vitro tests hold unsatisfactory validity data, presumably because of the inability of present short-term tests to detect non-genotoxic carcinogens, which are increasingly being brought into focus in the discussions of genesis of cancer. One principle often neglected in this context is the property of genotoxic agents to inhibit replicative DNA synthesis in (proliferati…
rRNA gene restriction patterns and biotypes of Shigella sonnei.
1993
SUMMARYShigella sonneiis a major agent of diarrhoeal disease in developed as well as in developing countries. Several phenotypic methods to define strain differences have been applied to this species ofShigellaincluding, more recently, analysis of extrachromosomal and chromosomal DNA.In this study, 432 endemic and epidemic strains isolated between 1975 and 1991 in Italy, France and Switzerland were submitted to rRNA gene restriction pattern analysis, after digestion of whole-cell DNA byHincII, and to concomitant biotyping.Thirteen ribotypes, HI to H13, and five biotypes, a, d, e, f, g, were detected. Xinety-five percent of the sporadic strains were assigned to ribotypes HI to H4, which coul…
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and biochemical typing of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.
2002
Aims: The aim of the present study was to characterize subspecifically Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae strains isolated from cultured Sparus aurata and Dicentrarchus labrax by means of phenotypic and molecular typing techniques (amplified fragment length polymorphism, AFLP). Methods and Results: Seventy-one strains of P. damselae subsp. damselae were isolated from 38 cultured fishes at different fish farms located on the Mediterranean coast near Valencia, Spain. Most fish studied were asymptomatic and some were recovered during infectious outbreaks. Phenotypic characterization revealed a considerable degree of variability within the subspecies, including some characters, such as pro…
Further characterization of the histidine gene cluster of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2): nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of hisD.
1992
We have further characterized the genomic region of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) that contains genes involved in the biosynthesis of histidine. A 2,357-base pair fragment contained in plasmid pSCH3328 that complemented hisD mutations has been sequenced. Computer analysis revealed an open reading frame that encodes a protein with significant homology to the Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Mycobacterium smegmatis hisD product, Saccharomyces cerevisiae HIS4C, and Neurospora crassa his3 gene products. Two other contiguous open reading frames oriented divergently with respect to hisD did not show significant similarity with any of the his genes or to other sequences included in the…
Phylogenetic relationships within the family Halomonadaceae based on comparative 23S and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.
2010
A phylogenetic study of the family Halomonadaceae was carried out based on complete 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA gene sequences. Several 16S rRNA genes of type strains were resequenced, and 28 new sequences of the 23S rRNA gene were obtained. Currently, the family includes nine genera (Carnimonas, Chromohalobacter, Cobetia, Halomonas, Halotalea, Kushneria, Modicisalibacter, Salinicola and Zymobacter). These genera are phylogenetically coherent except Halomonas, which is polyphyletic. This genus comprises two clearly distinguished clusters: group 1 includes Halomonas elongata (the type species) and the species Halomonas eurihalina, H. caseinilytica, H. halmophila, H. sabkhae, H. almeriensis, H. hal…
In Vitro Techniques
2006
Driven in part by the development of genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics as new disciplines, there has been a tremendous resurgence of interest in physical methods to investigate macromolecular structure and function in the context of living cells. This volume in Methods in Cell Biology is devoted to biophysical techniques in vitro and their applications to cellular biology. The volume covers methods-oriented chapters on fundamental as well as cutting-edge techniques in molecular and cellular biophysics.This book is directed toward the broad audience of cell biologists, biophysicists, pharmacologists, and molecular biologists who employ classical and modern biophysical technologies or …
Genetics of hepatocellular carcinoma.
2007
The completely assembled human genome has made it possible for modern medicine to step into an era rich in genetic information and high-throughput genomic analysis. These novel and readily available genetic resources and analytical tools may be the key to unravel the molecular basis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, since an efficient treatment for this disease is lacking, further understanding of the genetic background of HCC will be crucial in order to develop new therapies aimed at selected targets. We report on the current status and recent developments in HCC genetics. Special emphasis is given to the genetics and regulation of major signalling pathways involved in HCC such …
Sleeping Beauty transposon system – future trend in T-cell-based gene therapies?
2006
Evaluation of: Huang X, Wilber AC, Bao L et al.: Stable gene transfer and expression in human primary T cells by the Sleeping Beauty transposon system. Blood 107, 483–491 (2006). The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system can mediate stable gene transfer and expression in primary human T cells. Optimal in vitro conditions for maximum gene transfer efficiencies have been developed with regard to further application of the SB transposon system in T cell based gene therapies. This raises the question of whether or not the SB transposon system is a convincing alternative for virus-mediated gene transfer based on the currently available data. Here, we will discuss controversial safety and effic…