Search results for "temperament"

Early temperament and age at school entry predict task avoidance in elementary school

2016

This study examined the role of temperament, prereading skills, and age at school entry in the development of Finnish children's task avoidance. Teachers rated the task-avoidant behavior of 198 participants in kindergarten and twice in Grades 2 and 3. Parents rated the children's temperament at age 3 and children's prereading skills were measured at age 5. The results showed that, on average, the level of children's task avoidance remained the same from kindergarten to Grade 2 fall, but decreased from Grade 2 fall to Grade 3 spring. A low task avoidance level was predicted by good prereading skills, high effortful control, and high negative affectivity. Low surgency predicted a decrease in …

The roles of teacher–student relationship quality and self-concept of ability in adolescents’ achievement emotions: temperament as a moderator

2020

AbstractThis study examined to what extent teacher–student conflict and closeness, on the one hand, and students’ self-concepts of ability in literacy and mathematics, on the other, are related to students’ achievement emotions (enjoyment, anxiety and boredom) in mathematics and literacy among Finnish early adolescents (N = 854). We also investigated the extent to which these associations are moderated by student temperament (surgency/extraversion, negative affectivity and effortful control). The results showed, after accounting for relevant covariates, that in both school subjects, teacher–student conflict was negatively related to enjoyment and positively to anxiety and boredom, whereas t…

Fiziskās aktivitātes kā saskarsmes veicinātājs pirmsskolā 4-5 gadus veciem bērniem

2018

Kvalifikācijas darba “Fiziskās aktivitātes kā saskarsmes veicinātājs pirmsskolā 4-5 gadus veciem bērniem” autore ir Dana Gerstenberga. Darba zinātniskā vadītāja ir Dr. paed. Inta Bula – Biteniece. Pētījuma mērķis ir apkopot un izstrādāt fizisko aktivitāšu kopumu, kas palīdzēs sekmēt saskarsmi pirmsskolas izglītības iestādē. Pētījuma laikā tika meklētas atbildes uz šādiem jautājumiem – kā veicināt saskarsmi pirmsskolas izglītības iestādē izmantojot fiziskās aktivitātes jeb kustību rotaļas. Pētījumā izmantotās metodes ir pedagoģiskās, psiholoģiskās un zinātniskās literatūras analīze, anketēšana, novērošana, pārrunas. Pirmajā daļā apskatīts teorētiskais materiāls par saskarsmi un fiziskajām ak…

1,5-3 gadus vecu bērnu ekrānierīču lietošanas paradumu saistība ar temperamentu, uzvedības problēmām, māšu audzināšanas pieeju, māšu ekrānierīču liet…

2021

Maģistra darba mērķis bija izpētīt, kāda ir 1,5–3 gadus vecu bērnu ekrānierīču lietošanas paradumu saistība ar temperamentu, uzvedības problēmām, māšu audzināšanas pieeju, māšu ekrānierīču lietošanas paradumiem un māšu attieksmi pret bērnu ekrānierīču lietošanu. Pētījumā piedalījās 96 bērnu mātes, kurām ir bērni vecumā no 1,5 līdz 3 gadiem. Bērnu vidējais vecums ir 2,43 gadi. Lai izvērtētu bērna uzvedību pēdējo 6 mēnešu laikā, tika izmantota Bērna uzvedības novērtēšanas aptauja vecākiem (Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/ 1 ½ - 5) paredzēta 1,5–5 g.v. bērnu aprūpētājiem, kuri bērnu var novērot mājas situācijā. Aptaujas standartizāciju veica I. Skreitule – Pikše, M. Raščevska, S. Sebre, A. Koļe…

2018

Recently, two forms of virtue-related humor, benevolent and corrective, have been introduced. Benevolent humor treats human weaknesses and wrongdoings benevolently, while corrective humor aims at correcting and bettering them. Twelve marker items for benevolent and corrective humor (the BenCor) were developed, and it was demonstrated that they fill the gap between humor as temperament and virtue. The present study investigates responses to the BenCor from 25 samples in 22 countries (overall N = 7,226). The psychometric properties of the BenCor were found to be sufficient in most of the samples, including internal consistency, unidimensionality, and factorial validity. Importantly, benevolen…

ACTUALITY OF TWINS UPBRINGING/SELF-UPBRINGING IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY

2018

In this research the culture history methodology approach has been used for the research of theoretical sources on upbringing/self-upbringing correlations. The objective and subjective factors influencing upbringing/self-upbringing characterizing the individual twins personality have been defined and given the analysis of the correlated components: temperament, attitudes, abilities, volition. The upbringing fosters self-upbringing, where volition and goal-directed action serve as the development opportunity for human abilities, while the twins  individuality  fostering techniques (undertaking of commitments, self-analysis, self-reporting, self-control, self-assessment) provide an opportunit…

Short-Term Adaptation to Stress and Task-Demands: Covariation of Psychological and Physiological Manifestations

1986

Energetic aspects of adaptation to stress and task demands are reflected in autonomic and somatic nervous system (ANS/SNS) changes (see, eg Lyytinen, 1985). Related psychophysiological individual differences have been illustrated widely in the literature. The reported differences have varied from constitutional ones, like temperament (see, for recent references Nebylitsyn, 1972; Strelau, 1983), via dispositions/traits (Eysenck, 1983) and tonic states (Fahrenberg, Walschburger, Forster, Myrtek and Muller, 1983) to situation-dependent individual differences (eg research on type A; Contrada, Wright and Glass, 1984). The present paper argues that experimential and situational factors are import…

Dropout intentions in secondary education : Student temperament and achievement motivation as antecedents

2023

Introduction As early school leaving and dropping out from education pose a challenge for later life adjustment, it is important to identify antecedent factors for the risk of school dropout to tailor individual support for adolescents. Consequently, this study examines the role of adolescents' motivational beliefs and behaviors (i.e., success expectations, planning, and task-avoidance) as well as their temperament (i.e., extraversion/surgency, negative affectivity, effortful control, and affiliativeness) in their dropout intentions in the first year of upper secondary education. Methods Participants were Finnish adolescents' (n = 536; 57% girls, mean age 12.39 at outset, standard deviation…

ESE. Estudios sobre educación

2007

Resumen tomado del autor Título, resumen y palabras clave también en inglés El conocimiento de la caracteriología permite al educador utilizar las tendencias naturales de los jóvenes para orientar su crecimiento como personas, ampliar los márgenes de su educabilidad, y servir de base a la personalización de la enseñanza, porque permite diversificar las intervenciones educativas en función de las características de los alumnos. Seguidamente, se proponen nuevamente las aportaciones de la caracteriología de Heymans y Le Senne desde una óptica educativo-metodológica. Se analizan los distintos significados de los términos 'temperamento', 'carácter' y 'personalidad'; se presentan los principios f…

Is Sensation Seeking Linked Only to Personality Traits? The Role of Quality of Attachment in the Development of Sensation Seeking among Italian Adole…

2015

Considering sensation seeking as a personality trait has led to the driving of a series of studies on the biological and temperamental characteristics of sensation seekers. Conversely, from a bio-psychosocial perspective, personality factors are believed to account for about half of the likelihood that an individual will engage in disadaptive and dangerous actions, whereas environmental factors, such as primary relationships, interact with the person’s biology and affect the extent to which genetic factors exert their influence. On the light of these considerations, the present study explored the unique and common contributions of temperament and quality of attachment measured from 15 years…