Efecto de la Intervención Docente en la Percepción de Competencia y Motivación de Futuros Maestros de Primaria en Educación Física Utilizando la Evaluación Formativa y Compartida
The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived effect of a physical education teaching intervention by applying formative and shared assessment. The experiment was applied to 340 volunteers (239 women), divided into control (n = 206) and intervention (n = 134) groups. A test and a retest (after the trial) were conducted to assess perceived competence in assessment and motivation in physical education. The intervention was found to have a significant effect on motivation (p < 0.001), but not on perceived competence (p > 0.05). After the teaching period, an increase in the motivation of the intervention group and a decrease in the motivation of the control group were noted. We c…
Bivariate analysis of taekwondo actions: The effectiveness of techniques and tactics in an Olympic taekwondo championship.
This paper describes the effectiveness of technical-tactical actions performed during a tournament. A total of 14,145 actions of the 2012 London Olympic Games were analysed. Differences emerged in the use of tactics, techniques, zones, legs and guard to score. Regarding tactics, anticipatory counterattacks were the most effective for scoring one and three points. Circular techniques were the most effective for scoring one point, linear to score three points, and spin techniques to score two and four points. Actions to the chest results in a score of one to two points and actions to the head in a score of three to four points. The rear leg was more effective in scoring one, two and four poin…
Perfil de habilidades psicológicas en taekwondistas universitarios y su relación con el éxito en competición
Se presenta el perfil de habilidades psicológicas y su poder predictivo sobre el éxito deportivo en taekwondistas universitarios de competición. Para ello se evaluó una muestra representativa de 89 taekwondistas (50 hombres y 39 mujeres) con edades entre 18 y 34 años (M = 22,2; DT = 3,34) que competían en el Campeonato de España Universitario 2011. Se les administró el Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva (IPED) y se tomó como variable de éxito deportivo el número de combates ganados durante el campeonato. Los análisis multivariados mostraron diferencias (p < ,05) en relación al género (los hombres informan de mayor auto-confianza, control atencional y afrontamiento negativo) y rec…
Analysis of shots in relation to the outcome in elite women's water polo matches. [Análisis de los lanzamientos en función del resultado en partidos de waterpolo femenino de élite].
Abstract The aim of the current study was to investigate the shot performance of elite female water polo players according to their match outcome during three international tournaments, the 2012 Olympic Games, 2013 and 2014 FINA World Leagues. Twenty-four official matches footage [2012 Summer Olympic Games, n=8; 2013 FINA World League, n=8 and 2014 FINA World League, n=8] were obtained and analysed. The results showed that a similar playing style was used in both the 2012 and 2013 tournaments, independently of the outcome while in the 2014 FINA World League, winning teams performed more shots after displacement, more shots ending to zone 4 and scored more goals than losing ones (and fewer s…
Adolescents' postural control learning according to the frequency of knowledge of process
Feedback is one of the most influential factors for motor skills learning. Physical Education teachers commonly use verbal cues to provide knowledge of process (KP) when teaching motor skills, but the ideal presentation frequency for KP in adolescents is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the frequency of KP (i.e., 100%, 67%, 0%) on dynamic balance. Thirty adolescents, age 14–15 years, participated in the study. Performance on a stabilometer platform was used to assess dynamic balance. Participants received feedback after each trial (100%), in two out of three trials (67%), or no feedback during 12 30-s trials of practice. Adolescents who received feedback (6…
Who can best report on children's motor competence: Parents, teachers, or the children themselves?
Abstract Objective A positive perception of motor competence (MC) is important for children's health trajectory. It is purported that young children's perception is not well aligned with their actual ability. Alternative sources of perceptions are postulated from children's social context such as their parents or teachers. This study aims to analyse the associations among children's, parents' and Physical Education (PE) teachers' perception of children's MC and the children's actual MC, and whether these sources of information can report on children's actual MC. Design and method A convenience sample of 139 typically developed children (48.2% girls) from six schools participated in this cro…
Health benefits of participation in selected ‘hard’ martial arts for adults: A systematic review
Association between Actual and Perceived Motor Competence in School Children
(1) Background: The association between actual and perceived motor competence (MC) is one of the underlying mechanisms that influence the practice of physical activity. This study mainly aimed to analyze the structure and correlations between actual and perceived MC in schoolchildren and to compare actual and perceived MC between girls and boys. (2) Methods: A total of 467 fifth and sixth graders (43.9% girls, M = 11.26, SD = 0.70) participated. Actual and perceived MC were assessed. To examine the proposed four factor models, structural equation models (factor analyses, latent correlations, invariance testing for gender) were conducted. Student t-test for independent samples was used to co…
Análisis técnico-táctico en Taekwondo con coordenadas polares a través del software HOISAN
Se lleva a cabo un análisis de coordenadas polares en Taekwondo de las acciones realizadas por los hombres finalistas y semifinalistas en los Juegos Olímpicos de Londres 2012. Para este análisis, se consideraron como categorías focales las acciones relativas a la efectividad de uno, dos y tres puntos, y como categorías condicionadas variables técnico-tácticas para establecer las diferentes relaciones entre las diversas categorías relacionadas con el comportamiento técnico-táctico de los deportistas y la consecución de punto/s. Los resultados mostraron una relación, de excitación en las perspectivas retrospectiva y prospectiva, entre las conductas CAN (Acción de contraataque), CIR (Pierna de…
Análise técnico-tático no Taekwondo com coordenadas polares através de software HOISAN
Se lleva a cabo un análisis de coordenadas polares en Taekwondo de las acciones realizadas por los hombres finalistas y semifinalistas en los Juegos Olímpicos de Londres 2012. Para este análisis, se consideraron como categorías focales las acciones relativas a la efectividad de uno, dos y tres puntos, y como categorías condicionadas variables técnico-tácticas para establecer las diferentes relaciones entre las diversas categorías relacionadas con el comportamiento técnico-táctico de los deportistas y la consecución de punto/s. Los resultados mostraron una relación, de excitación en las perspectivas retrospectiva y prospectiva, entre las conductas CAN (Acción de contraataque), CIR (Pierna de…
Validity and reliability of a pictorial scale of physical self-concept in spanish children. [Validez y fiabilidad de la escala pictográfica de autoconcepto físico en niños y niñas españoles].
The pictorial scale of Physical Self-Concept in Children (P-PSC-C) is a relatively new instrument for investigating physical self-concept in childhood. The current study aims to examine the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the P-PSC-C, and also to analyse the validity according to the children’s age. A sample of 365 primary school age (M = 9.21, SD = 1.92) students participated; divided in two groups, those aged 9 or younger and those 10-11 years old. Surveys were used to assess perceived physical concept individually. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with diagonally weighted least square estimator specifically designed for ordinal data and a scaled test statistic was co…
Working Memory Task Influence in Postural Stability and Cognitive Function in Adolescents.
This paper describes a study on postural stability and cognitive function according to the difficulty increment of a working memory task (WMT) and age group in adolescents. One hundred and twenty-three participants (13–16 years) performed single and dual tasks in a bipedal standing position while barefoot. Four trials were conducted, consisting of single and dual tasks in three progressively difficult WMT conditions (i.e., 3-, 5-, and 7-digit sequences). Friedman’s analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis tests were conducted to test the effect of the WMT and age group, respectively. Both the WMT and age were found to affect performance (p < .01). As the cognitive requirements increased, the…
Influence of the distance in a roundhouse kick's execution time and impact force in Taekwondo.
Taekwondo, originally a Korean martial art, is well known for its kicks. One of the most frequently used kicks in competition is Bandal Chagui or roundhouse kick. Excellence in Taekwondo relies on the ability to make contact with the opponent's trunk or face with enough force in as little time as possible, while at the same time avoiding being hit. Thus, the distance between contestants is an important variable to be taken into consideration. Thirty-one Taekwondo athletes in two different groups (expert and novice, according to experience in competition) took part in this study. The purpose of this study was to examine both impact force and execution time in a Bandal Chagui or roundhouse ki…
Transformational Teaching in Physical Education and Students’ Leisure-Time Physical Activity: The Mediating Role of Learning Climate, Passion and Self-Determined Motivation
In the context of education, this study examined the relationship between perceiving a transformational physical education (PE) teacher and student&rsquo
Self-efficacy and performance of the roundhouse kick in taekwondo
[ES] El desarrollo de escalas de autoeficacia permite el análisis de las percepciones de los deportistas y el examen de la relación entre dichas percepciones y el rendimiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue (1) desarrollar una escala específica de autoeficacia para una tarea de taekwondo, la patada circular, y (2) analizar el rendimiento deportivo y su relación con los resultados de dos escalas de autoeficacia (específica y general) en función del género de los deportistas. En el estudio participaron 43 taekwondistas (33 hombres y 10 mujeres). Se administraron las escalas de autoeficacia Física (PSE) y Específica (RKSES). Los datos de rendimiento (fuerza de impacto y tiempo total de respue…
Tactical Aspects of a National University Taekwondo Championship in Relation to Round and Match Outcome
The aims of this study were to analyze tactical behavior (direct attacks and indirect attacks, in addition to anticipatory, simultaneous, and posterior counterattacks) according to competition round and match, and to compare tactics of competitors (winners and nonwinners) in a university taekwondo championship. The analysis included 334 individual performances from 204 athletes over 169 bouts in the National University Championship. A 2-way repeated measure analysis of variance was conducted with “round” (at 3 levels: first, second, and third) as the within-subject factor and match outcome (at 2 levels: winning and nonwinning) as the between-subject factor. The results of this study show th…
Perceived movement skill competence in stability: Validity and reliability of a pictorial scale in early adolescents.
Perceived motor competence (PMC) is important to health as it mediates the association between actual motor competence (AMC) and physical activity. Many instruments assess the broader construct of physical self-perception but no scale has been developed to assess PMC in stability. The aim of this study was to develop and analyze the reliability and validity of a new pictorial PMC in stability skill assessment when completed by early adolescents. A Delphi method showed ≥70% of experts' consensus in the seven proposed items. A sample of 904 students (11-14 years old) self-reported PMC in locomotion, object control, and stability using two pictorial scales: Perceived Movement Skill Competence …
Barreras percibidas en el desplazamiento activo al centro educativo: fiabilidad y validez de una escala
Resumen: Objetivo: Examinar la fiabilidad y la validez de una escala para evaluar las barreras percibidas en el desplazamiento activo al centro escolar en jóvenes españoles. Método: La validez de la escala fue evaluada en una muestra de 465 adolescentes (14-18 años de edad) mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio y a través de la asociación con el transporte activo autorreportado. Una submuestra completó la escala dos veces, con una separación de una semana, a fin de evaluar su fiabilidad. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la escala tenía índices de ajuste satisfactorios con dos factores. Un factor incluyó los ítems relativos a ambiente y seguridad (α = 0,72), y otro los ítems s…
Is It Possible to Predict an Athlete’s Behavior? The Use of Polar Coordinates to Identify Key Patterns in Taekwondo
Elite sport psychologists help athletes develop planned competition strategies from a technical-tactical perspective, through the observation and analysis of previous performances. The aim of this study was to analyze the behavioral patterns used to score points in the 2012 London Olympic Games, by using a mixed observational methodology through a polar coordinate analysis. This analysis is a representation made into four quadrants of the relationships found between focal behavior [i.e., giving score points, (SC)] and conditioned behaviors considered as key factors in taekwondo, occurring before and after the focal behavior (i.e., retrospective/prospective behavior as indicated for each qua…
Neighborhood Built Environment and Socioeconomic Status are Associated with Active Commuting and Sedentary Behavior, but not with Leisure-Time Physical Activity, in University Students
The role of neighborhood characteristics in promoting physical activity and sedentary behaviors (SB) has not been extensively studied in university students. The study purpose was to analyze the associations of neighborhood built environment and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) with active commuting, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and SB among university students. This is a cross-sectional study of 308 undergraduate students from two urban universities in Valencia, Spain. Participants&rsquo
Ecological correlates of Spanish adolescents’ physical activity during physical education classes
The public health benefit of school physical education (PE) depends in large part on physical activity (PA) provided during class. According to the literature, PE has a valuable role in public health, and PA levels during PE classes depend on a wide range of factors. The main objective of this study, based on ecological models of behaviour, was to analyse what personal, psychosocial and environmental factors were associated with moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) during PE lessons. The sample consisted of 189 adolescents (60.8% girls; M = 16.3 years, SD = 0.7) from nine high schools. PA was assessed by accelerometer. Differences in PA behaviour between the study groups were evaluated using the…
Dual task cost in balance control and stability in children from 4–7 years old
This study analyzed the development of postural control and the cost of the cognitive task on postural control in the bipedal standing position during childhood. Sixty-six normally developed childr...
Learning to Cycle : A Cross-Cultural and Cross-Generational Comparison
BackgroundLearning to cycle is an important milestone for children, but the popularity of cycling and the environmental factors that promote the development and practice of this foundational movement skill vary among cultures and across time. This present study aimed to investigate if country of residence and the generation in which a person was born influence the age at which people learn to cycle.MethodsData were collected through an online survey between November 2019 and December 2020. For this study, a total of 9,589 responses were obtained for adults (self-report) and children (parental report) living in 10 countries (Portugal, Italy, Brazil, Finland, Spain, Belgium, United Kingdom, M…
Rate of concurrent augmented auditory feedback in postural control learning in adolescents
Introduction: The main objective of this study was to determine the rate of auditory concurrent feedback that best enhanced the learning of a continuous postural task in adolescents. Material and methods: A sample of thirty adolescents (13 to 14-years old) was used, who were assigned to three groups: i) control group (CG); ii) 100% auditory feedback group and iii) 67% auditory feedback group. The subjects performed a pre-test, practice, post-test and a retention (24 hours after the practice). In the postural control task subjects were instructed to remain on a seesaw (unstable in anteroposterior position) and keeping it as level as possible. Results: The results demonstrated that concurrent…
Identifying profiles of children at risk of being less physically active: an exploratory study using a self-organised map approach for motor competence
This study aims to develop profiles in children according to physical fitness, actual and perceived motor competence, and to examine the level of engagement in physical activity and weight status according to these profiles. In the study, 156 typically developing Spanish children (47.4% girls) of primary school age (5-11 years-old) participated voluntarily. Children's perceived and actual motor competence, physical fitness, physical activity participation and weight status were assessed. A Self-Organising Map and K-means cluster analysis were used to classify and visualise the values. Four profiles were found: profile 2 was aligned - high capacity, high perception, profile 1 was partially a…
The new version of the pictorial scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence in Spanish children: Evidence of validity and reliability. [La nueva versión de la escala pictográfica de Percepción de Competencia de Habilidades Motrices in niños y niñas españoles: Evidencias de validez y fiabilidad].
The purpose of this study was to i) examine reliability and construct validity of the pictorial scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence (PMSC) aligned to the third version of the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-3) in a sample of Spanish children; and to ii) analyse the validity of the PMSC and children’s perceived motor competence (MC) according to gender. A convenience sample of 361 children (55.7% boys) between 4 and 11 years-old participated. The pictorial scale of PMSC (19 items) was administered (a random subsample repeated the PMSC twice). Test-retest reliability using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients and construct validity using a Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling a…
Effect of Olympic Weight Category on Performance in the Roundhouse Kick to the Head in Taekwondo
Effect of Olympic Weight Category on Performance in the Roundhouse Kick to the Head in Taekwondo In taekwondo, kick performance is generally measured using impact force and time. This study aimed to analyse performance in the roundhouse kick to the head according to execution distance between and within Olympic weight categories. The participants were 36 male athletes divided into three categories: featherweight (n = 10), welterweight (n = 15) and heavyweight (n = 11). Our results show that taekwondo athletes in all weight categories generate a similar relative impact force. However, the results indicate that weight has a large impact on kick performance, particularly in relation to total r…
Análisis técnico-táctico en Taekwondo con coordenadas polares a través del software HOISAN
Se lleva a cabo un analisis de coordenadas polares en Taekwondo de las acciones realizadas por los hombres $nalistas y semifinalistas en los Juegos Olimpicos de Londres 2012. Para este analisis, se consideraron como categorias focales las acciones relativas a la efectividad de uno, dos y tres puntos, y como categorias condicionadas variables tecnico-tacticas para establecer las diferentes relaciones entre las diversas categorias relacionadas con el comportamiento tecnico-tactico de los deportistas y la consecucion de punto/s. Los resultados mostraron una relacion, de excitacion en las perspectivas retrospectiva y prospectiva, entre las conductas CAN (Accion de contraataque), CIR (Pierna de …
Trunk and lower limb muscle activation in linear, circular and spin back kicks
Background and Study Aim: As any martial art, taekwondo can be classified as a specialty that requires high technical skills, such as a fine motor control both in static and dynamic conditions. Practitioners predominantly use kicks with high amplitude in both combat and technique (poomse) modalities. The aim of this study was the knowledge about trunk and lower limb muscle activation according to the type of kick (circular, linear and spin back kick) in the taekwondo technique modality. Material and Methods: Twelve healthy and elite male taekwondo athletes voluntarily participated in this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) during maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MVC) and executi…
The Effect of Color on the Use of Electronic Body Protectors in Taekwondo Matches
This study investigated the relationship between the color protector and success in taekwondo combats in the qualification championships, when electronic body protectors were used. Moreover, it analyzed the confounding effect of a participant being a top-ranked athlete in the 2012 London Olympic Games, in a sample of 462 matches. Results from the entire sample showed a non-significant relationship between the combat outcome and the winner’s color electronic protector. At the level of the tournament, the results showed a significant relationship between wearing a red electronic protector and winning the combat in the Asian and the European qualification tournaments. For gender and weight ca…
Perfil de habilidades psicológicas en taekwondistas universitarios y su relación con el éxito en competición
Se presenta el perfil de habilidades psicológicas y su poder predictivo sobre el éxito deportivo en taekwondistas universitarios de competición. Para ello se evaluó una muestra representativa de 89 taekwondistas (50 hombres y 39 mujeres) con edades entre 18 y 34 años (M = 22,2; DT = 3,34) que competían en el Campeonato de España Universitario 2011. Se les administró el Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva (IPED) y se tomó como variable de éxito deportivo el número de combates ganados durante el campeonato. Los análisis multivariados mostraron diferencias (p < ,05) en relación al género (los hombres informan de mayor auto-confianza, control atencional y afrontamiento negativo) y rec…
Profiling movement behaviours in pre-school children: A self-organised map approach.
Application of machine learning techniques has the potential to yield unseen insights into movement and permits visualisation of complex behaviours and tangible profiles. The aim of this study was to identify profiles of relative motor competence (MC) and movement behaviours in pre-school children using novel analytics. One-hundred and twenty-five children (4.3 ± 0.5y, 1.04 ± 0.05 m, 17.8 ± 3.2 kg, BMI: 16.2 ± 1.9 kg
Comparison of lower limb segments kinematics in taekwondo kick. an approach to the proximal to distal motion
Abstract In taekwondo, there is a lack of consensus about how the kick sequence occurs. The aim of this study was to analyse the peak velocity (resultant and value in each plane) of lower limb segments (thigh, shank and foot), and the time to reach this peak velocity in the kicking lower limb during the execution of the roundhouse kick technique. Ten experienced taekwondo athletes (five males and five females; mean age of 25.3 ±5.1 years; mean experience of 12.9 ±5.3 years) participated voluntarily in this study performing consecutive kicking trials to a target located at their sternum height. Measurements for the kinematic analysis were performed using two 3D force plates and an eight came…
Polar coordinates in Taekwondo
[EN] In observational methodology, inter‐relational behaviors are relevant for coaches and athletes to know which behaviors are dependent or inexistent while others occur.
Assessing teacher leadership in physical education: the Spanish version of the transformational teaching questionnaire
<p>Drawing from the transformational leadership theory, this study aims to translate and analyse the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Transformational Teaching Questionnaire (TTQ).</p><p>A cohort sample of 2107 adolescents (997 males and 1110 females) from 82 secondary schools voluntarily participated in the research.</p><p>In Study 1 ((<em>n</em> = 1066), the exploratory factor analysis informed a one-factor solution. In Study 2 (<em>n</em> = 1041), the confirmatory factor analysis showed the single-factor and the four-factor models showed satisfactory and adequate goodness of fit indices, respectively. Confirmatory …
Perceived barriers to active commuting to school: reliability and validity of a scale
Resumen Objetivo: Examinar la fiabilidad y la validez de una escala para evaluar las barreras percibidas en el desplazamiento activo al centro escolar en jóvenes españoles. Método: La validez de la escala fue evaluada en una muestra de 465 adolescentes (14-18 años de edad) mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio y a través de la asociación con el transporte activo autorreportado. Una submuestra completó la escala dos veces, con una separación de una semana, a fin de evaluar su fiabilidad. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la escala tenía índices de ajuste satisfactorios con dos factores. Un factor incluyó los ítems relativos a ambiente y seguridad (α = 0,72), y otro los ítems so…
Sensory Reweighting During Bipedal Quiet Standing in Adolescents
A cross-sectional, prospective, between-subjects design was used in this study to establish the differences in sensory reweighting of postural control among different ages during adolescence. A total of 153 adolescents (five age groups; 13–17 years old) performed bipedal standing in three sensory conditions (i.e., with visual restriction, vestibular disturbance, and proprioceptive disturbance). Center of pressure displacement signals were measured in mediolateral and anteroposterior directions to characterize reweighting in the sensory system in static postural control when sensory information is disturbed or restricted during adolescent growth. The results indicate a development of postura…
Sensibilización de los futuros egresados y egresadas de Magisterio hacia la diversidad desde la Educación Física por medio de la propuesta de buena práctica “More Than Able” (Diversity awareness in university students from Physical Education with the pro
El presente estudio describe y analiza la valoración del alumnado universitario ante la propuesta “More than able”. Esta es una propuesta de buenas prácticas sobre la sensibilización hacia la diversidad funcional desde el área de Educación Física, y específicamente, mediante tareas relacionadas con las habilidades motrices básicas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar, aplicar y valorar una buena práctica que ofrezca una propuesta de sensibilización al alumnado basada en el uso de personajes de cómics como son los superhéroes y las superheroínas. Para valorar el grado de satisfacción de la propuesta, se empleó el cuestionario sobre la experiencia de buenas prácticas y el análisis de cont…
Impact force and time analysis influenced by execution distance in a roundhouse kick to the head in taekwondo.
The execution distance is a tactic factor that affects mechanical performance and execution technique in taekwondo. This study analyzes the roundhouse kick to the head by comparing the maximum impact force, execution time, and impact time in 3 distances according to the athletes' competition level. It also analyzes the relationship between impact force and weight in each group. It examines whether the execution distance affects the maximum impact force, execution time, and impact time, in each level group or 2 different competition levels. Participants were 27 male taekwondo players (13 medallists and 14 nonmedallists). The medallists executed the roundhouse kick to the head with greater im…
Examining early adolescents' motivation for physical education : associations with actual and perceived motor competence
Background: The dynamic nature of physical education (PE) requires careful consideration of lesson planning and delivery in order to promote health and wellbeing and to achieve various learning goals. One such goal is promoting personal and social development to support students to value and lead a healthy and active lifestyle, especially during transition into adolescence. In order to design learning environments that support students' engagement in PE, it is important to understand how outcomes such as motor competence (MC) influence motivation for PE. There are two approaches to understand MC, actual and perceived MC, and both have implications for healthy lifestyles in childhood and ado…
Parental and Peer Support Matters: A Broad Umbrella of the Role of Perceived Social Support in the Association between Children’s Perceived Motor Competence and Physical Activity
(1) Background: This study aimed to examine the role of social support in the relationship between perceived motor competence (MC) and physical activity (PA), according to the conceptual model of Motor Development. (2) Methods: Participants were 518 students (46.5% girls), 8–12 years old. By using a structural equation modeling approach, path analysis was used to test the actual-perceived MC relationship and the mediating influence of social support on the perceived MC–PA relationship. Analyses were done with age and sex as covariates. (3) Results: The results showed a good model fit (CFI = 0.98
Health benefits of hard martial arts in adults: a systematic review.
Participation in organized sports is promoted as a means of increasing physical activity levels and reducing chronic disease risk in adults. Hard martial arts practice (i.e. using body contact techniques), has gained in popularity over time. This review explores the evidence for health benefits of "hard" martial arts practice within the adult population. A systematic electronic database search was conducted, and quality assessments applied the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool. Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria, examining balance, cognitive function, muscular skeletal status, psychological, cardiovascular fitness, and metabolic effects. The majority of studies repo…
Segment coupling and coordination variability analyses of the roundhouse kick in taekwondo relative to the initial stance position.
The initial stance position (ISP) has been observed as a factor affecting the execution technique during taekwondo kicks. In the present study, authors aimed to analyse a roundhouse kick to the chest by measuring movement coordination and the variability of coordination and comparing this across the different ISP (0°, 45° and 90°). Eight experienced taekwondo athletes performed consecutive kicking trials in random order from every of the three relative positions. The execution was divided into three phases (stance, first swing and second swing phase). A motion capture system was used to measure athletes' angular displacement of pelvis and thigh. A modified vector coding technique was used t…
Detection of behavioural patterns in Olympic male taekwondo athletes
The relationship between athletes’ behaviours is relevant for developing defensive and offensive strategies. Traditionally, sequential analysis has been conducted to assess relationships between two behaviours (one considered as focal and the other as conditioned). The aim of the study was to examine Olympic taekwondo athletes’ behavioural patterns by conducting sequential analyses of tactical actions in bouts. Seventy-five male matches of the London Olympic Games in 2012 were studied to analyse tactical actions: attack (direct and indirect), counterattack (anticipatory, simultaneous and posterior), defensive (cuts, blocks and dodges), and opening actions. A sequential analysis of 2 lags (i…
Postural Control Profiles of Typically Developing Children From 6 to 12 Years old: An Approach Using Self-Organizing Maps
The purposes of the present study were a) to establish postural control profiles for individuals 6–12 years of age, b) to analyze the participants’ characteristics (age, sex, weight, height, and physical activity) in those profiles, and c) to analyze the influence of visual information in the profiles found. Two hundred and eight typically developing children aged 6–12 years performed two trials in bipedal standing position with eyes open and closed. Feature extraction involved time, frequency, and sway-density plot variables using signals from the center of pressure. A Self-Organizing Map was used to classify and visualize the values of the participants in all the postural control variable…
Children’s Single-Leg Landing Movement Capability Analysis According to the Type of Sport Practiced
(1) Background: Understanding children&rsquo
Tactical Analysis of the Winners' and Non-Winners' Performances in a Taekwondo University Championship
The purpose of this study was to identify tactical characteristics of successful athletes who competed in a National University Championship. Results from the study allow taekwondo coaches and competitors to orient their training towards evidence-based practice to achieve success in competitions. Overall, taekwondo athletes performed more attacks than counterattacks. However, winners performed more counterattacks than non-winners. Moreover, winners performed more anticipatory counterattacks (ANC) and less indirect attacks (INA) than non-winners. Lastly, the order of the performance of the actions for non-winners was by decreasing frequency direct attack (DIA), INA, posterior counterattack …
Physical Activity and Motor Competence in Preschool Children
Longitudinal evidence has demonstrated that engagement in physical activity (PA) and the development of motor competence (MC) have numerous tangible health and developmental benefits [...]
Reliability of a new analysis to compute time to stabilization following a single leg drop jump landing in children.
Although a number of different methods have been proposed to assess the time to stabilization (TTS), none is reliable in every axis and no tests of this type have been carried out on children. The purpose of this study was thus to develop a new computational method to obtain TTS using a time-scale (frequency) approach [i.e. continuous wavelet transformation (WAV)] in children. Thirty normally-developed children (mean age 10.16 years, SD = 1.52) participated in the study. Every participant performed 30 single-leg drop jump landings with the dominant lower limb (barefoot) on a force plate from three different heights (15cm, 20cm and 25cm). Five signals were used to compute the TTS: i) Raw, ii…
Biking to School: The Role of Bicycle-Sharing Programs in Adolescents
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to: (1) describe modes of transport to school, with a specific focus on the use of public bicycle share programs (PBSP); and (2) assess sociodemographic, psychosocial, and environmental correlates of bike and PBSP use to go to school. METHODS A group of 465 adolescents from the International Physical Activity and the Environment Network (IPEN) Adolescent Study (Valencia, Spain) participated in the research. Mixed regression analyses were conducted on the data obtained. RESULTS Not having bicycle access, a PBSP card, or a public bike lane close to the school is negatively associated with bicycle use. PBSP is positively associated with physical self-ef…
Effects of target distance on select biomechanical parameters in taekwondo roundhouse kick.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of target distance on temporal and impact force parameters that are important performance factors in taekwondo kicks. Forty-nine taekwondo athletes (age = 24.5 +/- 5.9 years; mass = 79.9 +/- 10.8 kg) were recruited: 13 male experts, 21 male novices, 8 female experts, and 6 female novices. Impact force, reaction time, and execution time were computed. Three-way repeated measure ANOVAs revealed significant 'distance' effect on impact force, reaction time, and execution time (p = 0.001). Comparisons between distance conditions revealed that taekwondo athletes kicked with higher impact force from short distance (17.6 +/- 7.5 N/kg) than from l…
Intervención psicológica en un equipo de gimnasia rítmica deportiva : estudio de un caso
We present an intervention programme with a female rhythmic gymnastics team (N =7), with members aged 15 to 21 (M = 18, SD = 2) competing in the senior national category. Fourteen psychological group sessions were conducted between September and December 2011. The motivational climate, approaches to goals, team cohesion, the coach's leadership style and gymnasts' psychological skills were assessed before and after the intervention programme. The results showed reductions in an ego-involving climate and ego-orientation and an increase in a task-involving climate. We found changes in the leadership style of the coach, moving toward an optimal leadership profile. There was a progressive improv…
Built Environment, Psychosocial Factors and Active Commuting to School in Adolescents: Clustering a Self-Organizing Map Analysis
Although the built environment and certain psychosocial factors are related to adolescents&rsquo
El sexo, el contexto familiar y la actividad física extraescolar como factores asociados a la coordinación motriz en la niñez. Un estudio piloto. [Gender, family environment and leisure physical activity as associated factors with the motor coordination in childhood. A pilot study].
Existen diversos factores que determinan el desarrollo y la evolución de la coordinación motriz. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo analizar la influencia del sexo, la actividad física practicada por los padres, la existencia de hermanos/as mayores o de igual edad y la práctica de actividad física extraescolar sobre el nivel de coordinación motriz global. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 23 niñas y 32 niños de entre 8-9 años (M = 8,51; DT = 0,31), pertenecientes al tercer curso de Educación Primaria. El nivel de coordinación motriz global de los estudiantes se valoró a través del Test Motor GRAMI-2 (Ruiz, Rioja, Graupera, Palomo, y García, 2015). El análisis de regresión lineal múltiple …
Profiling children longitudinally: A three-year follow-up study of perceived and actual motor competence and physical fitness.
Longitudinal designs enhance our understanding of children's development and its influence on movement behaviors and health. This three-year follow-up study aimed to develop profiles according to perceived and actual motor competence (MC) (locomotion, object control, and overall) and physical fitness in boys and girls longitudinally including children's temporal migrations among clusters in terms of profiling trends. A secondary aim was to compare physical activity participation and weight status at each time point according to these profiles. One hundred and four typically developing Spanish children (45.8% girls) between 4 and 9 years old at baseline participated in this study. Data were …
Temáticas y diseños habituales en la elaboración del TFG
Producció: Facultat de Magisteri de la UV (www.uv.es/magisteri)