Design and preparation of core-shell structured magnetic graphene oxide@MIL-101(Fe): Photocatalysis under shell to remove diazinon and atrazine pesticides

Abstract A magnetically separable support with core-shell morphology comprising amine-functionalized Fe3O4 wrapped with graphene oxide (AFG) was successfully prepared and used to support MIL-101(Fe). The ternary AFG@MIL-101(Fe) composite was investigated as a photo-Fenton catalyst for the degradation of recalcitrant diazinon (DIZ) and atrazine (ATZ) pesticides. After 105 min visible light irradiation, the AFG@30MIL-101(Fe) photocatalyst achieved 100 ± 1% and 81 ± 1% photocatalytic degradation efficiency for DIZ and ATZ pollutants, respectively. The recorded data indicated superior photocatalytic ability of the nanocomposite as compared to AF@30MIL-101(Fe) and MIL-101(Fe) photocatalysts for …

Protocol for development of various plants leaves extract in single-pot synthesis of metal nanoparticles

This article is aimed to extend a simple protocol for preparation of various plant leaves extract and their application to green synthesis of the metallic nanoparticles. Five plant leaves extract showed mild reduction and stabilization ability for silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs) at room temperature. The particle size range varied from 25 to 42 nm and 21 to 47 nm for AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively. Plant leaves extract-mediated nanoparticles were characterized to confirm the shape, size, crystallinity, and content using different spectroscopic investigations. Differences in stability of nanoparticles at different pH were also measured by zeta potential.

Iron-based metal-organic framework: Synthesis, structure and current technologies for water reclamation with deep insight into framework integrity.

Water is a supreme requirement for the existence of life, the contamination from the point and non-point sources are creating a great threat to the water ecosystem. Advance tools and techniques are required to restore the water quality and metal-organic framework (MOFs) with a tunable porous structure, striking physical and chemical properties are an excellent candidate for it. Fe-based MOFs, which developed rapidly in recent years, are foreseen as most promising to overcome the disadvantages of traditional water depolluting practices. Fe-MOFs with low toxicity and preferable stability possess excellent performance potential for almost all water remedying techniques in contrast to other MOF…

Ibuprofen degradation using a Co-doped carbon matrix derived from peat as a peroxymonosulphate activator

The wider presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in nature is a major cause for concern in society. Among pharmaceuticals, the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen has commonly been found in aquatic and soil environments. We produced a Co-doped carbon matrix (Co-P 850) through the carbonization of Co2+ saturated peat and used it as a peroxymonosulphate activator to aid ibuprofen degradation. The properties of Co-P 850 were analysed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy filtered transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The characterization results showed that Co/Fe oxides were generated and tightly embedded into the carbon matrix …

Effect of Mg2+ ions on competitive metal ions adsorption/desorption on magnesium ferrite : mechanism, reusability and stability studies

The adsorption behavior of magnesium ferrite in single- and multicomponent metal ions solutions in the presence of Mg2+ ions were studied. A dramatic decrease in the adsorption capacity of magnesium ferrite towards Mn2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ ions for comparison study of single- and multicomponent solutions was established. The affinity of the sorbent in accordance with the maximum sorption capacities increases in the following order Cu2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+ > Mn2+. High efficiency of magnesium ferrite regeneration (~100%) with aqueous solutions of magnesium chloride in the concentration range of 0.001-0.1 M was shown. The low degree of toxic metal ions desorption combined with XRD, IR spectroscopy, and…

Squeezing of Quantum Noise of Motion in a Micromechanical Resonator

A pair of conjugate observables, such as the quadrature amplitudes of harmonic motion, have fundamental fluctuations which are bound by the Heisenberg uncertainty relation. However, in a squeezed quantum state, fluctuations of a quantity can be reduced below the standard quantum limit, at the cost of increased fluctuations of the conjugate variable. Here we prepare a nearly macroscopic moving body, realized as a micromechanical resonator, in a squeezed quantum state. We obtain squeezing of one quadrature amplitude $1.1 \pm 0.4$ dB below the standard quantum limit, thus achieving a long-standing goal of obtaining motional squeezing in a macroscopic object.

Enhancing Optomechanical Coupling via the Josephson Effect

Cavity optomechanics is showing promise for studying quantum mechanics in large systems. However, smallness of the radiation-pressure coupling is a serious hindrance. Here we show how the charge tuning of the Josephson inductance in a single-Cooper-pair transistor (SCPT) can be exploited to arrange a strong radiation pressure -type coupling $g_0$ between mechanical and microwave resonators. In a certain limit of parameters, such a coupling can also be seen as a qubit-mediated coupling of two resonators. We show that this scheme allows reaching extremely high $g_0$. Contrary to the recent proposals for exploiting the non-linearity of a large radiation pressure coupling, the main non-linearit…

Green synthesis and characterizations of silver and gold nanoparticles using leaf extract of Rosa rugosa

Abstract Metal nanostructures have unusual physicochemical properties and biological activities compared to their bulk parent materials. Thus in recent years a number of physical, chemical and biological techniques were applied for the development of metal nanoparticles (NP). Here we have synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs) by using leaves extracts of Rosa rugosa . Surface plasmon resonance spectra for silver and gold are obtained at 451 and 578 nm with brown yellow and pink-red color, respectively. AgNPs and AuNPs vary in size according to different leaves extract and metal concentration used for the synthesis. Different instrumental techniques were applied to chara…

Development of iron oxide / activated carbon nanoparticle composite for the removal of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution

Iron oxide (Fe3O4) and iron oxide/activated carbon (Fe3O4/AC) were fabricated by co-precipitation method for the removal of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution in batch mode. These nanoparticles were characterized by BET, FTIR, XRD, SEM/TEM and VSM. The optimum conditions for the removal of ions were pH = 2 for Cr(VI) and 6 for Cu(II) and Cd(II), initial metal ion concentration = 50 mg L−1, nanoparticle dose = 50 mg/10 mL, temperature = 25 ± 1 °C, shaking speed = 180 rpm and contact time = 3 h. The equilibrium data of ions sorption were well described by Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Intraparticle Diffusion model. The R2 values obtained by Langmuir model were h…

Protein recovery as a resource from waste specifically via membrane technology : from waste to wonder

Economic growth and the rapid increase in the world population has led to a greater need for natural resources, which in turn, has put pressure on said resources along with the environment. Water, food, and energy, among other resources, pose a huge challenge. Numerous essential resources, including organic substances and valuable nutrients, can be found in wastewater, and these could be recovered with efficient technologies. Protein recovery from waste streams can provide an alternative resource that could be utilized as animal feed. Membrane separation, adsorption, and microbe-assisted protein recovery have been proposed as technologies that could be used for the aforementioned protein re…

Heterogeneous fenton oxidation using magnesium ferrite nanoparticles for ibuprofen removal from wastewater: optimization and kinetics studies

In this study, the catalytic properties of Fenton-like catalyst based on magnesium ferrite nanoparticles for IBP degradation were examined. Structural and morphological studies showed the low crystallinity and mesoporous structure for the catalyst obtained via a glycine-nitrate method. The influences of catalyst dosage, oxidant concentration, and solution pH on the pollutant degradation were investigated. The pseudo-first-order model describes kinetic data, and under optimal condition (catalyst dose of 0.5 g L-1, H2O2 concentration of 20.0 mM, and pH of 8.0), apparent rate constant reached 0.091 min-1. It was shown that Fenton reaction was mainly induced by iron atoms on the catalyst surfac…

Synthesis, NMR spectral and single crystal X-ray structural studies on Ni(II) dithiocarbamates. Fabrication of nickel sulfide nanospheres by the solvothermal method

Abstract Three dithiocarbamatonickel(II) complexes, [Ni(bzbudtc)2] (1), [Ni(bzbudtc)(PPh3)(NCS)] (2) and [Ni(bzbudtc)(PPh3)(CN)] (3) (where, bzbudtc = the N-benzyl-N-butyldithiocarbamato anion and PPh3 = triphenylphosphine), were prepared. All three complexes were analyzed by UV–Vis, IR and NMR (1H, 13C and 31P) spectra. The 13C NMR spectra of complexes 1–3 show the most crucial thioureide signal at around 200 ppm. A significant deshielding observed for the 31P signals in 2 and 3 reveals the effective bonding of phosphorus to the metal center. Single crystal X-ray analysis of crystals of 1–3 show that all the described complexes exhibit a distorted square planar coordination geometry in the…

Effect of Mg2+ ions on competitive metal ions adsorption/desorption on magnesium ferrite: Mechanism, reusability and stability studies

Abstract The adsorption behavior of magnesium ferrite in single- and multicomponent metal ions solutions in the presence of Mg2+ ions were studied. A dramatic decrease in the adsorption capacity of magnesium ferrite towards Mn2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ ions for comparison study of single- and multicomponent solutions was established. The affinity of the sorbent in accordance with the maximum sorption capacities increases in the following order Cu2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+ > Mn2+. High efficiency of magnesium ferrite regeneration (~100%) with aqueous solutions of magnesium chloride in the concentration range of 0.001–0.1 M was shown. The low degree of toxic metal ions desorption combined with XRD, IR spectros…

Phase selective synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles from structurally new dithiocarbamate precursor

Abstract A phase selective solvothermal synthesis of ZnS (wurzite) nanoparticles with a flower-like morphology using a dithiocarbamate precursor, [Zn(4-dpmpzdtc)2(dpmpz)] (1) (where, dpmpz=(diphenylmethyl)piperazine), is described. The nanoparticles were identified as ZnS (wurzite) with the particle size of about 3 to 10 nm by scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, the precursor complex 1 was characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction.

Synthesis and structural studies on Ni(II) dithiocarbamates : Exploring intramolecular Ni···H-C interactions

Five new Ni(II) dithiocarbamates with NiS4, NiS2PN and NiS2PCl coordination spheres, viz. [Ni(bupmbzdtc)2] (1), [Ni(bupmbzdtc)(PPh3)(NCS)] (2), [Ni(bupmbzdtc)(PPh3)Cl] (3), [Ni(4-dpmpzdtc)(PPh3)Cl] (4) and [Ni(pbbzbudtc)(PPh3)(NCS)] (5), where bupmbzdtc = N-butyl(p-methylbenzyl)dithiocarbamato anion, 4-dpmpzdtc = 4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazinecarbodithioato anion, pbbzbudtc = N-(p-bromobenzyl)butyl-dithiocarbamato anion and PPh3 = triphenylphosphine, were synthesized and characterized by UV, IR, NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Spectral results suggest a square planar geometry around the Ni(II) metal center for all the synthesized complexes. Single crystal X-ray structural an…

Preparation and characterization of a novel chitosan/Al2O3/magnetite nanoparticles composite adsorbent for kinetic, thermodynamic and isotherm studies of Methyl Orange adsorption

Abstract In this study we developed a novel chitosan/Al 2 O 3 /magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle composite acting as an adsorbent for removing Methyl Orange (MO), a model anionic dye, from aqueous solution. The new adsorbent was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area, Energy Dispersive spectrometer (EDAX), powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods. The MO removal by the developed adsorbent was investigated using batch adsorption technique and all parameters influencing the removal efficiency such as: dose of adsorbent, pH and initial MO concentr…

Importance of ligand speciation in environmental research:A case study

The speciations of EDTA and DTPA in process, waste and river waters are modelled and simulated, specifically to the mode of occurrence in the pulp and paper mill effluents and subsequently in receiving waters. Due to relatively short residence times in bleaching process and waste water treatment and slow exchange kinetics, it is expected that the thermodynamic equilibrium is not necessarily reached. Therefore, the initial speciation plays a key role. As such, the simulations have been extended to the process waters of the pulp and paper industry taking into account estimated average conditions. The results reveal that the main species are; Mn and Ca complexes of EDTA and DTPA in pulp mill p…

Synthesis of self-assembled mesoporous 3D In2O3 hierarchical micro flowers composed of nanosheets and their electrochemical properties

This report describes the methodology for the fabrication of mesoporous In2O3 microflowers by hydrothermal and calcination procedures in which In(OH)3/In2S3 acts as an intermediate. Both In2O3 and its precursor were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. BET surface area, pore size and pore volume analyses were also carried out. Electron microscopy images clearly evidence the self-assembly of 2D nanosheets into the micro flower structure. The mechanism of self-assembly and calcination is reported. Electrochemical properties of the synthesized In2O3 micro flowers were studied. peerR…

Cavity optomechanics mediated by a quantum two-level system

Coupling electromagnetic waves in a cavity and mechanical vibrations via the radiation pressure of photons is a promising platform for investigations of quantum–mechanical properties of motion. A drawback is that the effect of one photon tends to be tiny, and hence one of the pressing challenges is to substantially increase the interaction strength. A novel scenario is to introduce into the setup a quantum two-level system (qubit), which, besides strengthening the coupling, allows for rich physics via strongly enhanced nonlinearities. Here we present a design of cavity optomechanics in the microwave frequency regime involving a Josephson junction qubit. We demonstrate boosting of the radiat…

Synthesis, NMR spectral and structural studies on mixed ligand complexes of Pd(II) dithiocarbamates: First structural report on palladium(II) dithiocarbamate with SCN-ligand

Abstract Three new mixed ligand complexes of palladium(II) dithiocarbamates; [Pd(4-dpmpzdtc)(PPh3)(SCN)] (1), [Pd(4-dpmpzdtc)(PPh3)Cl] (2) and [Pd(bzbudtc)(PPh3)Cl] (3), (where, 4-dpmpzdtc = 4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazinecarbodithioato anion, bzbudtc = N-benzyl-N-butyldithiocarbamato anion and PPh3 = triphenylphosphine) have been synthesized from their respective parent dithiocarbamates by ligand exchange reactions and characterized by IR and NMR (1H, 13C and 31P) spectroscopy. IR and NMR spectral data support the isobidentate coordination of the dithiocarbamate ligands in all complexes (1–3) in solid and in solution, respectively. Single crystal diffraction analysis of complexes 1–3 evidence…

Development of iron oxide/activated carbon nanoparticle composite for the removal of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution

Iron oxide (Fe3O4) and iron oxide/activated carbon (Fe3O4/AC) were fabricated by co-precipitation method for the removal of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution in batch mode. These nanoparticles were characterized by BET, FTIR, XRD, SEM/TEM and VSM. The optimum conditions for the removal of ions were pH = 2 for Cr(VI) and 6 for Cu(II) and Cd(II), initial metal ion concentration = 50 mg L−1, nanoparticle dose = 50 mg/10 mL, temperature = 25 ± 1 °C, shaking speed = 180 rpm and contact time = 3 h. The equilibrium data of ions sorption were well described by Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Intraparticle Diffusion model. The R2 values obtained by Langmuir model were h…

Noiseless Quantum Measurement and Squeezing of Microwave Fields Utilizing Mechanical Vibrations

A process which strongly amplifies both quadrature amplitudes of an oscillatory signal necessarily adds noise. Alternatively, if the information in one quadrature is lost in phase-sensitive amplification, it is possible to completely reconstruct the other quadrature. Here we demonstrate such a nearly perfect phase-sensitive measurement using a cavity optomechanical scheme, characterized by an extremely small noise less than 0.2 quanta. We also observe microwave radiation strongly squeezed by 8 dB below vacuum. A source of bright squeezed microwaves opens up applications in manipulations of quantum systems, and noiseless amplification can be used even at modest cryogenic temperatures.

Tansy fruit mediated greener synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles

Abstract In this paper we have reported the green synthesis of silver (AgNPs) and gold (AuNPs) nanoparticles by reduction of silver nitrate and chloroauric acid solutions, respectively, using fruit extract of Tanacetum vulgare ; commonly found plant in Finland. The process for the synthesis of AgNPs and AuNPs is rapid, novel and ecofriendly. Formation of the AgNPs and AuNPs were confirmed by surface plasmon spectra using UV–Vis spectrophotometer and absorbance peaks at 452 and 546 nm. Different tansy fruit extract concentration (TFE), silver and gold ion concentration, temperature and contact times were experimented in the synthesis of AgNPs and AuNPs. The properties of prepared nanoparticl…

Low-Noise Amplification and Frequency Conversion with a Multiport Microwave Optomechanical Device

High-gain amplifiers of electromagnetic signals operating near the quantum limit are crucial for quantum information systems and ultrasensitive quantum measurements. However, the existing techniques have a limited gain-bandwidth product and only operate with weak input signals. Here we demonstrate a two-port optomechanical scheme for amplification and routing of microwave signals, a system that simultaneously performs high-gain amplification and frequency conversion in the quantum regime. Our amplifier, implemented in a two-cavity microwave optomechanical device, shows 41 dB of gain and has a high dynamic range, handling input signals up to $10^{13}$ photons per second, three orders of magn…

Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) in the synthesis of 3D CdS superstructures by diffusion assisted hydrothermal method

Abstract In this study, the synthesis of cadmium sulfide (CdS) microstructures by gas diffusion assisted hydrothermal method using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) is reported. The as-synthesized products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of PTA dose, thioacetamide amount, time and temperature on the morphology of obtained particles have been studied. In this process, PTA ion host stabilizes the CdS particles against aggregation and thioacetamide plays two roles, being at the same time a sulfur source and a capping ligand. Based on the performed analyses it seems that the thioacetamide is mor…

The Effect of Interferences on the Uptake of Heavy Metals by Sodium (iron) Titanates from Waste Water

Sodium hexatitanate, sodium trititanate, sodium nonatitanate, and a new iron doped sodium nonatitanate were synthesized. Common interferences present in waste waters that hinder the removal of heavy metals by these ion exchangers were investigated. The presence of K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ at 0.001-0.05 M concentration had minor effect on the amount of Pb2+, Cr3+, and Ni2+ uptake. EDTA on the other hand, interferes tremendously with the metal uptake. Both in ternary and in single system, the selectivity series is in the order: Pb2+>Cr3+>Ni2+. This order changed to Cr3+>Pb2+>Ni2+, in the presence of 0.001-0.1 M EDTA at pH 5.

Effect of different co-solvents on biodiesel production from various low-cost feedstocks using Sr–Al double oxides

The main objective of the present paper comprises the investigation of biodiesel production from low-cost feedstock such as lard oil and waste cooking oil (WCO) using Sr-Al double oxides. Nanocatalyst was characterised FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, BET and XPS. The Sr:Al with 3:1 molar ratio showed the best catalytic activity in the conversion of both oils to fatty acid methyl ester. The effect of acetone and tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a co-solvent for transesterification were compared and the best result was obtained with 5 % THF. The mutual effect of the nanocatalyst and co-solvent on biodiesel production was investigated. The characterisation of biodiesel synthesised from lard oil and WCO was perfo…

Bioprospective of Sorbus aucuparia leaf extract in development of silver and gold nanocolloids

At the present time the bioprospective field is a dynamic area of research. The rapid biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles without using toxic chemicals is reported here. Sorbus aucuparia is omnipresent in Europe. The aqueous leaves extract of the plant were used as reducing agent for the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles from their salt solutions. The synthesized nanoparticles were spherical, triangular and hexagonal in shape with an average size of 16 and 18nm for silver and gold, respectively. Different extract quantities, metal concentrations, temperatures and contact times were investigated to find their effect on nanoparticles synthesis. The resulting silver and gold…

Novel Functionality of Lithium-Impregnated Titania as Nanocatalyst

The present work incorporates the synthesis of a multifunctional catalyst for the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) to biodiesel and recovery of rare earth elements (REEs). For this purpose, TiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2 doped with lithium ions were prepared. The influence of lithium ions on the catalytic performance of TiO2 was attained by impregnation of the different molar ratios of lithium hydroxide to bare TiO2. Then each catalyst was screened for catalytic conversion of WCO to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and also for REEs recovery. All synthesized materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microsc…

Effect of lithium ions on the catalytic efficiency of calcium oxide as a nanocatalyst for the transesterification of lard oil

The present work encompasses the effect of Li+ ions on CaO nanoparticles for the transesterification of lard oil. The modification of CaO nanoparticles was achieved by the impregnation of different molar ratios of lithium hydroxide. Later, each catalyst was screened for the catalytic conversion of lard oil to a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The nanocatalyst CaO–0.5LiOH (1 : 0.5 molar ratio) showed the best conversion rate for FAME. The synthesized nanocatalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and Hammett indicato…

A novel magnetic Preyssler acid grafted chitosan nano adsorbent: synthesis, characterization and adsorption activity

BACKGROUND This study concerns the application of magnetic heteropolyacids composite for the adsorption of organic compounds from aqueous solutions. A novel magnetic Preyssler/chitosan/Fe3O4 nanoparticles composite (PCNF) adsorbent was designed using a one-pot synthesis method and characterized by multiple techniques including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The adsorption activity of PCNF was evaluated by the removal of methyl orange (as an anionic azo dye model, MO) from aqueous solution and all the factors influencing the removal efficiency, such as adsorbent dosage, initial …

Characterization of NOM

Worldwide reports over the last few decades have shown that the amount of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface water is continuously increasing, which has an adverse effect on drinking water purification. For many practical and hygienic reasons, the presence of NOM in drinking water is undesirable. Various technologies have been proposed for NOM removal with varying degrees of success. The properties and amount of NOM, however, can significantly affect the process efficiency. To improve and optimize these processes, it is essential to characterize and quantify NOM at various points during purification and treatment. It is also important to be able to understand and predict the reactivity…

Single crystal X-ray structural dataset of 1,2,4-dithiazolium tetrafluoroborate

Herein, we present the crystallographic dataset of 1,2,4-dithiazolium tetrafluoroborate. Single crystal X-ray structural analysis evidences that the 1,2,4-dithiazolium ring is almost planar. The 1,2,4-dithiazolium and tetrafluoroborate ions contribute in hydrogen bonding wherein the N-H·N hydrogen bonding in 1,2,4-dithiazolium dimer forms an eight-membered pseudo ring with the R22(8) Etter's graph set. The information provided in this data contributes to the understanding of structural chemistry and hydrogen bonding interactions in dithiazole derivatives.

Carbon Nanotube Radio-Frequency Single-Electron Transistor

We discuss the theory of the radio-frequency single-electron transistor and the measurements that use multiwalled carbon nanotubes as active elements. Our devices made of plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposition nanotubes yield charge sensitivities of 10-20 μe/ $$\sqrt {Hz}$$ . PACS numbers: 73.23.Hk, 73.63.Fg, 85.35.Gv, 85.35.Kt.

Spectral and structural studies on Ni(II) dithiocarbamates: Nickel sulfide nanoparticles from a dithiocarbamate precursor

Abstract Three new planar Ni(II) dithiocarbamate complexes; [Ni(4-dpmpzdtc)2] (1), [Ni(4-dpmpzdtc)(PPh3)(NCS)] (2) and [Ni(bupcbzdtc)(PPh3)(NCS)] (3) (where, 4-dpmpzdtc = 4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazinecarbodithioato anion, bupcbzdtc = N-butyl-N-(4-chlorobenzyl))dithiocarbamato anion and PPh3 = triphenylphosphine) with “NiS4” and “NiS2PN” chromophore units were synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray structural analysis as well as UV–Vis, IR and NMR (1H, 13C and 31P) spectroscopy. For 2, 1H–1H COSY spectrum was also recorded. Single crystal X-ray structural analysis of 1–3, reveals a slightly distorted square planar geometry in all three complexes wherein the steric and electroni…

Removal of toxic pollutants from pulp mill effluents by electrocoagulation

This study investigated the effect of electrocoagulation treatment on toxic pollutant removal from pulp mill effluents. Synthetic wastewaters containing wood rosin and copper or pure resin acids were used to investigate the removal of resin acids and copper by electrocoagulation. Removal of pollutants by electrocoagulation was also tested with real debarking effluent. In this study, statistical experimental design and partial least squares modeling were used to investigate the effect of initial pH, current (current density) and treatment time. Electrocoagulation and subsequent filtration removed resin acids and copper from the synthetic wastewaters with high efficiency. Toxicity to algae (P…

Facile fabrication of flower like self-assembled mesoporous hierarchical microarchitectures of In(OH)3 and In2O3: In(OH)3 micro flowers with electron beam sensitive thin petals

Abstract A template and capping-reagent free facile fabrication method for mesoporous hierarchical microarchitectures of flower-like In(OH) 3 particles under benign hydrothermal conditions is reported. Calcination of In(OH) 3 to In 2 O 3 with the retention of morphology is also described. Both In(OH) 3 and In 2 O 3 microstructures were analyzed with SEM, EDX, TEM and powder X-ray diffraction. The crystal sizes for In(OH) 3 and In 2 O 3 were calculated using the Scherrer equation. In In(OH) 3 the thin flakes at the periphery of micro flowers were electron beam sensitive. The mechanism of self-assembly process was analyzed as well.

Preparation and characterization of sodium iron titanate ion exchanger and its application in heavy metal removal from waste waters.

Abstract The ion exchange properties of sodium iron titanates, namely, NaFeTiO4, Na2Fe2Ti6O16 and iron-doped sodium nonatitanate were investigated. Conventional solid state and sol–gel methods were used in the synthesis of the sodium iron titanates. Structural characterization of the materials was performed with powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Based on TG analyses, the novel iron-doped sodium nonatitanate was proven to be a member of the layered titanate family. The different sodium iron titanates were compa…

Comparison of adsorption equilibrium models and error functions for the study of sulfate removal by calcium hydroxyapatite microfibrillated cellulose composite.

In the present study, the adsorption of sulfates of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) by calcium hydroxyapatite-modified microfibrillated cellulose was studied in the aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope and elemental analysis in order to gain the information on its structure and physico-chemical properties. The adsorption studies were conducted in batch mode. The effects of solution pH, contact time, the initial concentration of sulfate and the effect of competing anions were studied on the performance of synthesized adsorbent for sulfate removal. Adsorption kinetics indica…

Preparation of tungstophosphoric acid/cerium-doped NH2-UiO-66 Z-scheme photocatalyst: a new candidate for green photo-oxidation of dibenzothiophene and quinoline using molecular oxygen as the oxidant

International audience; The goal of this study was to introduce an effective visible-light induced photocatalytic system with a good ability for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization (PODS) and denitrogenation (PODN) using molecular oxygen (O2) as an oxidant. In this regard, tungestophosphoric acid (PW12) was supported onto cerium-doped NH2-UiO-66 (PW12/Ce-NUiO-66) and employed for the photo-oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and quinoline (Qu). Herein, using cerium (Ce) as a “mediator” facilitated the separation of charge carriers, while NH2-UiO-66 remarkably enhanced the surface area with plentiful adsorption sites and shifted the adsorption edge of PW12to the visible region. The sum …

Revealing Hidden Quantum Correlations in an Electromechanical Measurement.

Under a strong quantum measurement, the motion of an oscillator is disturbed by the measurement back-action, as required by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. When a mechanical oscillator is continuously monitored via an electromagnetic cavity, as in a cavity optomechanical measurement, the back-action is manifest by the shot noise of incoming photons that becomes imprinted onto the motion of the oscillator. Following the photons leaving the cavity, the correlations appear as squeezing of quantum noise in the emitted field. Here we observe such "ponderomotive" squeezing in the microwave domain using an electromechanical device made out of a superconducting resonator and a drumhead mechan…

Novel Au NPs/Preyssler acid/TiO 2 nanocomposite for the photocatalytic removal of azo dye

Abstract In this study, we introduced a novel nanocomposite consisting of Au nanoparticles decorated TiO 2 and Preyssler acid as a multifunctional photocatalyst linker molecule, in which gold ions reduced locally on the TiO 2 surface. The obtained nanocomposite has been characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Electron Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Also, their photocatalytic activity has been studied for the degradation of model organic azo dye Malachite Green under UV light irradiation.

Application of Potassium Ion Impregnated Titanium Dioxide as Nanocatalyst for Transesterification of Linseed Oil

The current work comprises the investigation of biodiesel production from linseed oil using TiO2 and a potassium L-tartrate monobasic (C4H5KO6)-modified TiO2 nanocatalyst. Different amounts of C4H5KO6 were considered for TiO2 modification. The nanocatalyst TiO2–0.5C4H5KO6 (1:0.5 molar ratio) showed the best conversion rate for biodiesel production. The nanocatalyst was characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, BET, and XPS, and the Hammett indicator–benzenecarboxylic acid titration method was used for basicity measurement. The biodiesel was characterized by GC-MS and 1H and 13C NMR. Furthermore, the optimum reaction parameters for transesterification reaction were analyzed, and the yield was determi…

Sorption and mechanism studies of Cu2+, Sr2+ and Pb2+ ions on mesoporous aluminosilicates/zeolite composite sorbents

Abstract The research aimed to develop a novel mesoporous aluminosilicate/zeolite composite by the template co-precipitation method. The effect of aluminosilicate (AlSi) and zeolite (NaY) on the basic properties and adsorption capacity of the resultant composite was conducted at different mass ratios of AlSi/NaY (i.e., 5/90, 10/80, 15/85, 20/80, and 50/50). The adsorption characteristics of such composite and its feedstock materials (i.e., aluminosilicates and zeolite) towards radioactive Sr2+ ions and toxic metals (Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions) in aqueous solutions were investigated. Results indicated that BET surface area (SBET), total pore volume (VTotal), and mesopore volume (VMeso) of prepared m…

Synthesis of self-assembled α-GaOOH microrods and 3D hierarchical architectures with flower like morphology and their conversion to α-Ga2O3

Abstract This report reveals the methodology for the fabrication of α-GaOOH micro rods and micro flowers from gallium nitrate with two different complexing agents. α-GaOOH self-assembled 3D hierarchical architecture, comprising of nanorods and nanoribbbons with a flower like morphology, is fabricated under benign hydrothermal conditions. Calcination of α-GaOOH results in formation of α-Ga 2 O 3 with the retention of morphology. Both gallium oxyhydroxide and gallium oxide microstructures were analyzed with SEM, EDX, TEM and powder X-ray diffraction. α-Ga 2 O 3 micro flowers are furnished with nanorods having ordered diamond like cross section with a diagonal length proportion of 2:1. The hyd…

A comparative study for the removal of methylene blue dye by N and S modified TiO2 adsorbents

Successful removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions using nitrogen and sulfur modified TiO2(P25) nanoparticles has been demonstrated in this study. The modified adsorbents were characterized using various analytical methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The adsorption potential of S-TiO2, N-TiO2 and TiO2(P25) type adsorbents was tested for the removal of MB dye. The kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of MB dye followed the pseudo-first order model, while desorption processes followed the second order model. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent proved to be increasing as a f…

Nano-magnetic potassium impregnated ceria as catalyst for the biodiesel production

Abstract The main objective of this work comprises the investigation of biodiesel production from rapeseed oil using potassium impregnated Fe3O4-CeO2 nanocatalyst. The various concentration of potassium impregnated Fe3O4-CeO2 was screened for catalytic conversion of rapeseed oil to triglyceride methyl ester. The 25 wt % potassium impregnated Fe3O4-CeO2 nanocatalyst showed best biodiesel production. Nanocatalyst was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, BET and Hammett indicator for basicity test. The characterization of biodiesel was performed with GC-MS, 1H and 13C NMR. Moreover, the optimum reaction parameters such as catalyst amount (wt %), oil to methanol ratio, reaction time and reacti…

DUAL APPLICATION OF DIVALENT ION-ANCHORED CATALYST: BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF CARBAMAZEPINE

Synthesis and structural studies on Ni(II) dithiocarbamates : Exploring intramolecular Ni···H-C interactions

Abstract Five new Ni(II) dithiocarbamates with NiS4, NiS2PN and NiS2PCl coordination spheres, viz. [Ni(bupmbzdtc)2] (1), [Ni(bupmbzdtc)(PPh3)(NCS)] (2), [Ni(bupmbzdtc)(PPh3)Cl] (3), [Ni(4-dpmpzdtc)(PPh3)Cl] (4) and [Ni(pbbzbudtc)(PPh3)(NCS)] (5), where bupmbzdtc = N-butyl(p-methylbenzyl)dithiocarbamato anion, 4-dpmpzdtc = 4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazinecarbodithioato anion, pbbzbudtc = N-(p-bromobenzyl)butyl-dithiocarbamato anion and PPh3 = triphenylphosphine, were synthesized and characterized by UV, IR, NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Spectral results suggest a square planar geometry around the Ni(II) metal center for all the synthesized complexes. Single crystal X-ray stru…

Sorption and mechanism studies of Cu2+, Sr2+ and Pb2+ ions on mesoporous aluminosilicates/zeolite composite sorbents

The research aimed to develop a novel mesoporous aluminosilicate/zeolite composite by the template co-precipitation method. The effect of aluminosilicate (AlSi) and zeolite (NaY) on the basic properties and adsorption capacity of the resultant composite was conducted at different mass ratios of AlSi/NaY (i.e., 5/90, 10/80, 15/85, 20/80, and 50/50). The adsorption characteristics of such composite and its feedstock materials (i.e., aluminosilicates and zeolite) towards radioactive Sr2+ ions and toxic metals (Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions) in aqueous solutions was investigated. Results indicated that BET surface area (SBET), total pore volume (VTotal), and mesopore volume (VMeso) of prepared materials f…

Synthesis of self-assembled mesoporous 3D In2O3 hierarchical micro flowers composed of nanosheets and their electrochemical properties

This report describes the methodology for the fabrication of mesoporous In2O3 microflowers by hydrothermal and calcination procedures in which In(OH)3/In2S3 acts as an intermediate. Both In2O3 and its precursor were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. BET surface area, pore size and pore volume analyses were also carried out. Electron microscopy images clearly evidence the self-assembly of 2D nanosheets into the micro flower structure. The mechanism of self-assembly and calcination is reported. Electrochemical properties of the synthesized In2O3 micro flowers were studied.

An overview of the methods used in the characterisation of natural organic matter (NOM) in relation to drinking water treatment

Natural organic matter (NOM) is found in all surface, ground and soil waters. During recent decades, reports worldwide show a continuing increase in the color and NOM of the surface water, which has an adverse affect on drinking water purification. For several practical and hygienic reasons, the presence of NOM is undesirable in drinking water. Various technologies have been proposed for NOM removal with varying degrees of success. The properties and amount of NOM, however, can significantly affect the process efficiency. In order to improve and optimise these processes, the characterisation and quantification of NOM at different purification and treatment processes stages is important. It …

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