0000000000942778

AUTHOR

Carsten Reinemann

Wandel beschrieben — Wandel erklärt? Wahlkampfkommunikation im Langzeitvergleich

Es ist noch nicht lange her, da galt der Mangel an Langzeitstudien als eines der schwerwiegendsten Defizite der kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Wahlkampfforschung — zumindest im deutschsprachigen Raum. So stellte Saxer noch 2000 in einem Uberblicksartikel fest: „In der Wahlkommunikationsforschung kumulieren (…) seit langerem die Moglichkeiten und Probleme der Kommunikationswissenschaft. Noch immer mangelt es an Longitudinalstudien und an ausreichend komplexen Untersuchungsdesigns (…)“ (Saxer 2000: 32). Und Hetterich leitete seine ebenfalls im Jahr 2000 publizierte Langzeitstudie zu den Wahlkampfstrategien von SPD und CDU zwischen 1949 und 1998 u.a. mit der Bemerkung ein: „So unglaublich es…

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The effects of populism as a social identity frame on persuasion and mobilization: evidence from a 15-country experiment

This article investigates the impact of populist messages on issue agreement and readiness for action in 15 countries (N = 7,286). Specifically, populist communicators rely on persuasive strategies by which social group cues become more salient and affect people's judgment of and political engagement with political issues. This strategy is called ‘populist identity framing’ because the ordinary people as the in‐group is portrayed as being threatened by various out‐groups. By blaming political elites for societal or economic problems harming ordinary people, populist communicators engage in anti‐elitist identity framing. Another strategy is to blame immigrants for social problems – that is, …

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TV-Duelle als Instrumente der Wahlkampfkommunikation: Mythen und Fakten

Die Geschichte der Fernsehdebatten begann im amerikanischen Prasidentschaftswahlkampf 1960. John F. Kennedy gewann die erste von vier Debatten, weil sein Kontrahent Richard Nixon krank aussah und schlecht rasiert war. Weil Kennedy die Debatte gewann, gewann er wenig spater auch die Prasidentschaftswahl. Spatere Prasidentschaftswahlkampfe wurden unter anderem dadurch entschieden, dass ein Kandidat wahrend einer Debatte zu haufig auf die Uhr sah oder zu oft uber die Aussagen seines Kontrahenten lachte. So oder ahnlich wird die Geschichte der Fernsehdebatten zusammengefasst, wenn deutsche Medien ihre Leser und Zuschauer auf die auch hierzulande immer popularer werdenden TV-Duelle in Wahlkampfe…

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Learning Versus Knowing

Many studies have shown that voters do learn about political issues from televised debates. Because debaters may not be interested in educating voters but in gaining votes, this does not necessarily mean that debate viewers improve their knowledge (i.e., learning something that is correct). Instead, they may become misinformed by watching a debate. Taking the second debate in the 2002 German general election as an example, we first compare people’s knowledge about economic facts before and after the debate with the actual situation as represented by official statistics. In a second step, we trace back the change or stability of their assessments of the state of the economy to candidates’ s…

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„Guter Boulevard ist immer auch außerparlamentarische Opposition“ — Das Handeln von Bild am Beispiel der Berichterstattung über Hartz IV

Betrachtet man Medien als Akteure, dann nimmt man eine akteurszentrierte bzw. handlungstheoretische Perspektive ein. Dies bedeutet, dass Akteure und ihr Handeln die Basis aller Betrachtungen und Erklarungen bilden — auch der Erklarung von Makrophanomenen. Da der Terminus „Medien“ aber recht unspezifisch ist und in der Kommunikationswissenschaft sehr unterschiedlich verwendet wird, soll hier stattdessen von journalistischen Akteuren die Rede sein. Journalistische Akteure konnen einzelne Journalisten oder Medienorganisationen bzw. Redaktionen sein. Allgemein kann man Organisationen dann als (korporative) Akteure betrachten, wenn sie handlungsfahig sind. Handlungsfahigkeit ist dann anzunehmen,…

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Unifying or Polarizing? Short-Term Effects and Postdebate Consequences of Different Rhetorical Strategies in Televised Debates

Despite a large body of research, little is known about the ways in which viewers react to different kinds of statements during televised debates nor about the degree to which these short-term reactions influence postdebate opinions. Taking the second televised debate in the 2002 German national election as an example, we address both of these questions. We identify the most unifying and polarizing statements and connect immediate reactions during the debate to postdebate verdicts on an individual level of analysis. Our results show that commonplaces and acclaims met unanimous support among audience members with different political predispositions. Attacks and statements in which the candid…

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Concepts, causes and consequences of trust in news media – a literature review and framework

Research on trust in media is on the rise. However, communication scholars have addressed related concepts (e.g. media credibility) for decades, and these concepts have often been used interchangea...

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ONLINE_APPENDIX_(1) – Supplemental material for Start Spreading the News: A Comparative Experiment on the Effects of Populist Communication on Political Engagement in Sixteen European Countries

Supplemental material, ONLINE_APPENDIX_(1) for Start Spreading the News: A Comparative Experiment on the Effects of Populist Communication on Political Engagement in Sixteen European Countries by Michael Hameleers, Linda Bos, Nayla Fawzi, Carsten Reinemann, Ioannis Andreadis, Nicoleta Corbu, Christian Schemer, Anne Schulz, Tamir Shaefer, Toril Aalberg, Sofia Axelsson, Rosa Berganza, Cristina Cremonesi, Stefan Dahlberg, Claes H. de Vreese, Agnieszka Hess, Evangelia Kartsounidou, Dominika Kasprowicz, Joerg Matthes, Elena Negrea-Busuioc, Signe Ringdal, Susana Salgado, Karen Sanders, Desirée Schmuck, Jesper Stromback, Jane Suiter, Hajo Boomgaarden, Keren Tenenboim-Weinblatt and Naama Weiss-Yani…

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It's the Debates, Stupid! How the Introduction of Televised Debates Changed the Portrayal of Chancellor Candidates in the German Press, 1949—2005

Media election campaign coverage is said to have changed fundamentally in recent decades. Among the trends identified are personalization, negativism, more interpretive coverage, deauthentication, and horse-race coverage. Usually, U.S. studies are cited as empirical evidence for these developments. Recent studies of European campaigns have shown, however, that the picture seems to be different there in various respects.This article argues that one of the reasons for the differences might be the lack of some central campaign events in European elections. Taking Germany as an example, it investigates how the introduction of American-style televised debates in 2002 and 2005 changed media cove…

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Schröder gegen Merkel. Wahrnehmung und Wirkung des TV-Duells

TV-Debatten haben sich weltweit zu einem zentralen Element moderner Wahlkampfe entwickelt. Bereits Ende der 1990er Jahre fanden in mindestens 35 Landern Fernsehdebatten unterschiedlichster Formate statt (Plasser/Plasser 2002: 312). Zwar gab es im deutschen Fernsehen schon seit den 1960er Jahren die „Elefantenrunden“ der Spitzenkandidaten aller im Bundestag vertretenen Parteien. Doch „TV-Duelle“, bei denen nur die Kandidaten der beiden grosten Parteien gegeneinander antreten, haben sich erst seit dem Bundestagswahlkampf 2002 als feste Institution etabliert. Dies wird daran deutlich, dass auch vor der Bundestagwahl 2005 wieder ein solches Duell stattfand und auch vor immer mehr Landtagswahlen…

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Spin Doctors in the United States, Great Britain, and Germany: Metacommunication about Media Manipulation

This study develops a new concept in political communication theory called metacommunication. It argues that metacommunication (1) describes a new, third stage in election coverage after issue and strategy coverage; (2) reflects the mass media's new role as a political institution in the third age of political communication; and (3) can be seen as the news media's response to a new, third force in news making: professional political PR. Metacommunication is defined as the news media's self-referential reflections on the nature of the interplay between political public relations and political journalism. While metacoverage can take two forms, self-referential news and process news, the pres…

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Subjektiv rationale Akteure: Das Potenzial handlungstheoretischer Erklärungen für die Journalismusforschung

Hartmut Esser fachert in seinem Beitrag fur diesen Band sein Konzept von „Handlung“ auf. Neben der von Esser skizzierten werden in den Sozialwissenschaften eine Reihe weiterer handlungstheoretischer Konzeptionen vertreten, die sich in ihrem Allgememheitsgrad, dem zu erklarenden Handlungstyp und ihren zentralen erklarenden Konstrukten deutlich unterscheiden (dazu z.B. Gabriel 2004; Schmid 2004; Schimank 2000). Diese Fulle an Handlungsbegriffen und -theonen auf ihre Eignung fur die Joumalismusforschung zu prufen, wurde den Rahmen dieses Beitrags sprengen. Den Ausgangspunkt dieses Beitrags bildet deshalb in erster Linie die Konzeption Essers sowie anderer ihm nahe stehender Autoren. Sem Ziel i…

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Spin doctoring in British and German election campaigns: How the press is being confronted with a new quality of political PR

The 1997 British and 1998 German general elections showed striking parallels and distinctive differences in the way Blair and Schroeder delivered their campaigns and defeated long-sitting conservative governments. Of vital importance was a new quality of political public relations called `spin doctoring'. In this, the British Labour Party served as a kind of role model for the German Social Democratic Party. This article traces the origins and different meanings of `spin doctoring' in both countries, distinguishes between media-related and non-media-related spin activities and analyses it against the background of the specific national contexts. The aims and methods of political spin doctor…

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Start Spreading the News: A Comparative Experiment on the Effects of Populist Communication on Political Engagement in Sixteen European Countries

Although populist communication has become pervasive throughout Europe, many important questions on its political consequences remain unanswered. First, previous research has neglected the differential effects of populist communication on the Left and Right. Second, internationally comparative studies are missing. Finally, previous research mostly studied attitudinal outcomes, neglecting behavioral effects. To address these key issues, this paper draws on a unique, extensive, and comparative experiment in sixteen European countries (N = 15,412) to test the effects of populist communication on political engagement. The findings show that anti-elitist populism has the strongest mobilizing eff…

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