Des limites du principe de l'autonomie de la clause compromissoire

1991

International audience; (Civ. 10 juill. 1990, inédit, (Soc. Cassia, n° 1049 D)

Arbitrage international. Clause d'arbitrage contenue dans un document auquel se réfère le contrat principal, Validité sur la seule preuve de la I con…

1991

International audience; (Civ. 1re, 26 juin 1990, Rev. arb. 1990. 291, note Kessedjian)

La Commission des opérations de bourse et le marché financier

1991

International audience

Arbitrage international. Arbitrage multiparties, Groupe de contrats, Clauses compromissoires incompatibles, Consolidation (non)

1991

International audience; (Versailles, 7 mars 1990, Rev. arb. 1991. 326, note Loquin)

Créanciers. Arrêt du cours des intérêts, Prêt supérieur à un an, Exclusion, Contrat en cours à la date de l'ouverture de la procédure collective, Néc…

1991

International audience; (Com. 16 avr. 1991, Soc. Movilab et autres c/ Caisse régionale de crédit agricole mutuel des Alpes-Maritimes)

Structure and dynamics of grafted polymer layers: A Monte Carlo simulation

1991

The bond fluctuation model of polymer chains on lattices is used to study layers of polymers anchored with one end at a hard wall, assuming good solvent conditions and repulsive interactions between the monomers and the wall. Chain lengths from N=10 to N=80 and grafting densities σ from 0.025 to 0.20 are considered, both for the ‘‘quenched’’ case, where the anchor points are kept fixed at randomly chosen surface sites, and the ‘‘annealed’’ case, where lateral diffusion of the anchored ends at the wall is considered. Profiles of monomer density and free end density, chain linear dimensions parallel and perpendicular to the wall, as well as corresponding mean square displacements of inner and…

Universality classes for wetting in two-dimensional random-bond systems

1991

Interface-unbinding transitions, such as those arising in wetting phenomena, are studied in two-dimensional systems with quenched random impurities and general interactions. Three distinct universality classes or scaling regimes are investigated using scaling arguments and extensive transfer-matrix calculations. Both the critical exponents and the critical amplitudes are determined for the weak- and the strong-fluctuation regime. In the borderline case of the intermediate-fluctuation regime, the asymptotic regime is not accessible to numerical simulations. We also find strong evidence for a nontrivial delocalization transition of an interface that is pinned to a line of defects.

A phase change in X Persei

1991

We present a series of optical spectroscopic and infrared photometric observations of the Be/X-ray binary system X Per made over the last four years. Over this period the Hα line profile changed from emission to absorption, accompanied by a decrease in the infrared flux by over a magnitude and a flattening of the infrared spectrum. Such behaviour is consistent with the loss of the circumstellar disc or shell of material around the Be star and the reversion to a normal O/B-type star.

IMPLICATIONS OF A LARGE $Ht \bar{t}$-COUPLING FOR THREE-BODY DECAYS OF HIGGS BOSON AND TOP QUARK

1991

The three-body decays a heavy Higgs [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and of a heavy top t → bW+ H are studied in the context of the Standard Model. The common feature of these decay channels is the relative big coupling constant of the Higgs particle to the top quark. Indeed within a certain range of the masses M H , mt we find that branching ratios of the order O(10-3) are possible for the decays [Formula: see text] and t → bW+ H. The decay with [Formula: see text] as a function of M H and mt is investigated below the 2mt threshold (Mtt < 2mt) and is found to have an interesting behaviour just near this threshold.

A gene encoding an antigen recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma.

1991

Many human melanoma tumors express antigens that are recognized in vitro by cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) derived from the tumor-bearing patient. A gene was identified that directed the expression of antigen MZ2-E on a human melanoma cell line. This gene shows no similarity to known sequences and belongs to a family of at least three genes. It is expressed by the original melanoma cells, other melanoma cell lines, and by some tumor cells of other histological types. No expression was observed in a panel of normal tissues. Antigen MZ2-E appears to be presented by HLA-A1; anti-MZ2-E CTLs of the original patient recognized two melanoma cell lines of other HLA-A1 patients that expressed the ge…

Aminosäureester als chirale Hilfsgruppen bei Barbier-Reaktionen in wäßriger Lösung

1991

Amino Acid Esters as Chiral Auxiliaries in Barbier-Type Reactions in Aqueous Solution Valine and proline benzyl ester are converted into the aliphatic and aromatic α-oxo amides 5 by activation of the respective α-oxo acid by means of N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide. The α-oxo amides 5 undergo Barbier-type reactions with differently substituted allyl halides in the presence of zinc and pyridinium toluenesulfonate in water/THF (2:1, v/v) at 4°C. Thereby, the α-hydroxy amides 8/9 are formed in high yields and, in the case of the proline ester amides, with diastereomer ratios of 4–6:1. In the absence of any allyl halide, or if the addition of the allyl moiety to the carbonyl groups is only slow, t…

Enzymatic Formation of Raucaffricine, the Major Indole Alkaloid ofRauwolfia serpentinaCell-Suspension Cultures

1991

The major alkaloid from Rauwolfia serpentina cell-suspension cultures, the glucoalkaloid raucaffricine (2), was enzymatically formed from vomilenine (1) and UDPG in presence of microsomal-bound enzyme. This glucosyltransferase exhibits a relatively high substrate specificity with strong preference for 1 and UDPG. The apparent Km values for 1 and UDPG were 40 μM and 0.8 mM, respectively, for raucaffricine formation. Optimum transferase activity was observed at 50° and pH 6.3. The taxonomic distribution of this enzyme seems to be very limited because transferase can he exclusively detected in raucaffricine-producing plant cells.

Asymmetries in elastic scattering of 100 MeVπ+from a polarizedHe3target

1991

We report the observation of a large asymmetry in the elastic scattering of 100 MeV {pi}{sup +} from a polarized {sup 3}He target. Measurements have been made at laboratory angles of 60{degree}, 80{degree}, and 100{degree}, with the largest value {ital A}{sub {ital y}}=0.89{plus minus}0.12 occurring at 80{degree}, near a cross-section minimum. This asymmetry is the largest observed to date in pion scattering from a spin-1/2 nucleus. The {ital A}{sub {ital y}} data are qualitatively reproduced by a schematic model; however, agreement with the data is significantly improved when realistic three-body Faddeev wave functions and a full nonlocal distorted-wave impulse approximation reaction model…

N=2 topological gauge theory, the Euler characteristic of moduli spaces, and the Casson invariant

1991

We discuss gauge theory with a topological N=2 symmetry. This theory captures the de Rham complex and Riemannian geometry of some underlying moduli space $\cal M$ and the partition function equals the Euler number of $\cal M$. We explicitly deal with moduli spaces of instantons and of flat connections in two and three dimensions. To motivate our constructions we explain the relation between the Mathai-Quillen formalism and supersymmetric quantum mechanics and introduce a new kind of supersymmetric quantum mechanics based on the Gauss-Codazzi equations. We interpret the gauge theory actions from the Atiyah-Jeffrey point of view and relate them to supersymmetric quantum mechanics on spaces of…

Cellular Distribution and Expression of Cortical Acetylcholine Receptors in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease

1991

Ligand binding studies show marked reductions of nicotinic, but not of muscarinic binding sites in Alzheimer's disease. Using monoclonal antibodies we studied immunohistochemically the expression of the respective receptor proteins in the frontal cortex of middle-aged (55 +/- 5 yr) controls, age-matched controls (73 +/- 6 yr), and patients with Alzheimer's disease (74 +/- 5 yr). Density of nicotinic cholinoceptive neurons was 8000/mm3 for middle-aged controls and 4000/mm3 for age-matched controls, but only 900/mm3 in Alzheimer's brains (p less than 0.0001). Densities of muscarinic cholinoceptive and of Nissl-stained neurons were not significantly different between the groups, pointing to a …

An impaired peroxisomal targeting sequence leading to an unusual bicompartmental distribution of cytosolic epoxide hydrolase

1991

AbstractTo gain an understanding of the mechanism by which the subcellular distribution of cytosolic epoxide hydrolase (cEH) is directed, we have analyzed the carboxy terminal region of rat liver cEH by means of cDNA cloning to define the structure of its possible peroxisomal targeting sequence (PTS). Purified cEH was subjected to peptide analysis following endoproteinase Glu-C digestion and HPLC-separation of the fragments. The obtained sequence information was used to perform PCR experiments resulting in the isolation of a 680 bp cDNA clone encoding the carboxy terminus of cEH. The deduced amino acid sequence displays a terminal tripeptide Ser-Lys-Ile which is highly homologous to the PTS…

Surgically verified variations in the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery

1991

✓ Two patients with rare variations of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery are presented. One patient had a perforation of the optic tract by an abnormal course of the A1 segment, and the other harbored an aneurysm of the A1 segment running below the optic nerve. The authors present a summary of A1 segment variations described in the literature.

Controlled trial comparing two types of enteral nutrition in treatment of active Crohn's disease: elemental versus polymeric diet.

1991

International audience; To determine whether an elemental diet or a polymeric defined formula diet would be more effective for treating active Crohn's disease, we conducted a prospective randomised clinical trial in 30 patients with active Crohn's disease unresponsive to steroids and/or complicated by malnutrition. They received a four to six week enteral nutrition course with either an elemental diet or a polymeric diet. Clinical remission occurred in 10 of the 15 patients on elemental diet compared with 11 of the 15 patients assigned to polymeric diet. Both groups showed similar improvements in nutritional status, biological inflammation, alpha 1 antitrypsin clearance, and colonoscopic le…

Coordinating behaviour of a new pyridylhydrazone; tris-complexes of manganese(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) with 2-pyridylcarb…

1991

The preparation and characterization oftris-complexes of MnII, CoII, NiII, CuII and ZnII with a new pyridylhydrazone, 2-pyridylcarbaldehyde-N,N-dimethylhydrazone (pch), are described. In all the complexes pch behaves as a bidentate ligand binding through the pyridine and azomethyne nitrogen atoms. The complexes appear to be monomeric, high spin six-coordinate, and a distorted octahedral stereochemistry around the metal is suggested. The e.p.r. results for both CuII compounds indicate a mainly dx2−y2 ground state with a static Jahn-Teller distortion, whilst for the MnII complex the e.p.r. data indicates a very low symmetry for the MnN6 polyhedron.

Cosmological solutions in theD=5 Einstein-Maxwell theory coupled to matter

1991

We study the Einstein-Maxwell theory in five dimensions coupled to matter in two distinct ways. In the first we reduce the Lagrangian to an effective four-dimension one and then we couple it to matter; in the second, we introduce matter directly in the original five-dimensional theory. In both cases we use a non trivial configuration for the Maxwell potential. We find non singular solutions which present a repulsive gravitational phase. When this phase is absent, the initial singularity is unavoidable.

Infrared spectroscopy on new multiphase thermoplastic elastomers based on hydrogen bond complexes - temperature dependence and orientation behaviour

1991

The structure and deformation behaviour of a new class of thermoplastic elastomers is studied by temperature dependent infrared (IR) spectroscopy and by IR - dichroism spectroscopy. The thermoplastic elastomer is based on polybutadiene with statistically distributed side groups which form an anisotropic supramolecular structure via hydrogen bonds. Changes in the IR spectra at elevated temperatures are related to the melting of the ordered structure. The uniaxial deformation behaviour is studied by linear dichroism Fourier-transform (FT)-IR spectroscopy. A deformation model is developed which accounts for the major experimental results: while the polybutadiene segments behave as flexible cha…

Metabolic effects of enalapril and nifedipine in diabetic hypertensives

1991

145 Multifunction Role of Osteonectin/SPARC during Human embryonic and Feta Development

1991

The temporal and spatial distribution of osteonectin/SPARC was investigated during different stages of human development by in situ hybridization and histochemistry Specific mRNA was associated with(a) tissues exhibiting high rates of matrix production (skin, vessels, tendons fetal mesenchyme), (b) cells involved in the process of mineralization (osteoblasts, chondrocytes, odontoblasts), (c)production of basement membranes (glomeruli and (d) steroid synthesis (adrenal gland, Leydig cells) In the growth plate, expression was found in the upper hypertrophic and proliferative but not in the mineralized zone. Histochemistry detected osteonectin extra-cellularly in mineralized tissues, whereas o…

Sur les Terminaisons Nerveuses Sensitives du Clitoris chez la Truie (Sus scrofa domesticus)

1991

Summary On the Sensory Nerve-Endings in the Porcine Clitoris Neural receptors of the porcine clitoris were examined using light and electron microscopy. Perfusion with ink allowed study of the unique vascular arrangement associated with the genital corpuscles. Sensory nerve-endings were generally rounded and formed a morphologically and structurally characteristic unit. They were composed of a network of primarily non-myelinated nerve fibers and flat cells. Between these structures, isolated small blood vessels were embedded amongst collagen fibers and amorphous material. An external capsule of variable thickness always surrounded the structures. A complex arrangement of vessels in the cent…

Isoerosivity and erosion risk map for Sicily

1991

This paper reviews simplified methods for evaluating the rainfall erosivity index and proposes two relationships for estimating the annual value of Wischmeier's rainfall erosivity index at sites equipped with recording and non-recording raingauges. For the Sicilian region, the FAO index was also found to represent the erosion risk. A regional relationship to estimate the standard deviation of the annual erosivity index is proposed. The isoerosivity map is plotted by using 41 values of the rainfall erosivity index calculated by Wischmeier's procedure and 128 values estimated according to a relationship proposed by the authors. Finally, for each of 169 sites, an erosion risk index is calculat…

123 MOLECULAR GENETIC ANALYSIS IN HUNTER DISEASE

1991

Clinical and biochemical studies have revealed a great phenotypic variability in mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter disease), probably due to different mutations in the IDS gene that has been localized in Xq28. Using a cDNA probe containing almost the entire coding region of the human IDS gene, we performed a molecular analysis on 7 patients with Hunter disease. In one patient, a complete deletion of the IDS coding sequences was found. Another patient had structural alterations of the IDS gene including a partial deletion. In 5 patients, however, after restriction digestion of the DNA by PstI and TaqI and Southern hybridization with the IDS cDNA, the audiographic patterns obtained were s…

rDNA fingerprinting as a tool in epidemiological analysis of Salmonella typhi infections

1991

SUMMARYCharacterization of 169 strainsof Salmonella typhiof phage types C1, C4, D1and D9isolated in 1975–88 was carried out by rDNA gene restriction pattern analysis. Twenty-four isolates had been recovered during four large waterbone outbreaks in the last 20 years in Sicily; 145 strains, isolated from apparently sporadic cases of infection in Southern Italy in the same period of time, were also examined.Application of rRNA–DNA hybridization technique after digestion of chromosomal DNA withClaI showed the identity of patterns of the epidemic strains of phage types C1and D1, confirming attribution of the outbreaks to single bacterial clones. Patterns of the two available strains of lysotype …

Existence of two time scales in the phase transitions of BaTiO3

1991

Abstract We report new Raman scattering measurements in the tetragonal phase of a single domain BaTiO3 crystal. Data reveal the occurence of a large quasi elastic scattering. The Raman profile is analysed in terms of coexisting soft phonon and Debye relaxation.

Regulation of noradrenergic coerulean neuronal firing mediated by 5-HT2 receptors: involvement of the prepositus hypoglossal nucleus.

1991

Abstract Previous studies have indicated a 5-HT2-mediated inhibitory influence on unit activity in the locus coeruleus. In the present work, attempts were made to determine which area(s) of the brain is (are) involved in this effect: (1) Microiontophoretic application of serotoninergic compounds (quipazine, ketanserin, RU 24969 (Roussel Uclaf), 8-hydroxy-2(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), metergoline, serotonin) in the locus coeruleus, did not alter the coerulean discharge. Local microinjection of quipazine or ketanserin in the area of the locus coeruleus, as well as in one of its major afferents, the prepositus hypoglossi, had no effect on the unit activity in the locus coeruleus. 1…

2-Aryl-substituted 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones as novel active substances for the cardiovascular system

1991

4H-3,1-Benzoxazin-4-ones of the structural types 3 and 4 are accessible by cyclization reactions. The introduction of the phosphonate group was achieved by way of Wohl-Ziegler bromination and subsequent Michaelis-Arbuzow reaction with a trialkyl phosphite. Pharmacological investigations on isolated left atria, ileum specimens, and Langendorff hearts as well as in vivo circulatory studies on anesthetized rats revealed that the phosphonates 4 exert calcium antagonistic effects. Whereas 2-(arylvinyl)benzoxazinones gave rise to pronounced negative inotropic effects, compound 3e exhibited relaxing effects on smooth musculature in particular and markedly increased the coronary flow through Langen…

Th�orie de Hovanskii et probl�me de Dulac

1991

Proliferation of gastrointestinal carcinoma cells by T lymphocyte factors interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

1991

Hematopoietic growth factors have been well characterized by cDNA cloning in recent years. In order to determine the influence of rhGM-CSF and rhIL-3 on epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, their influence on in vitro cultured gastric and pancreas cancer cells was determined. A more than two-fold enhancement of proliferation was observed by IL-3 and GM-CSF in Mz-Sto-1 gastric and 818-4 pancreas carcinoma cells, applying a sensitive microculture system which allows precise quantification. The highest growth rates were obtained adding 1-10 ng/ml of the growth factors, but even picogram amounts were effective. Expression of mRNA for GM-CSF and IL-3 remained undetectable in the cell …

Decrease of mRNA levels and biosynthesis of sucrase-isomaltase but not dipeptidylpeptidase IV in forskolin or monensin-treated Caco-2 cells.

1991

International audience; Treatment for 48 h of differentiated, confluent Caco-2 cells with 2.5 10(-5) M forskolin or 10(-6) M monensin, which produces a significant decrease of the de novo biosynthesis of sucrase-isomaltase, does not change quantitatively the de novo biosynthesis of dipeptidylpeptidase IV. Western blot analysis and silver nitrate staining indicate that neither drug induces any modification in the steady state expression of these two brush border hydrolases. Northern blot analysis shows that the level of dipeptidylpeptidase IV mRNA does not change in treated as compared to control Caco-2 cells. In contrast, forskolin and monensin dramatically decrease the level of sucrase-iso…

Improved AMYR program: an algorithm for the theoretical simulation of molecular associations, including geometrical and topological characterization …

1991

Program AMYR, originally written by S. Fraga (University of Alberta, Canada), allows for the calculation of molecular associations using a pair-wise atom-atom potential. The interaction energy is evaluated through a 1/R expansion. Our improved version includes a dispersion energy term in the potential corrected by damping functions, the possibility of carrying out energy minimizations through variable metric methods, as well as the optional calculation of geometrical and topological indices. Program AMYR has been adapted also for high-performance computing and vectorization. An interactive version of the program carries out real-time molecular graphics showing simultaneously the energy prof…

Neutron and protonh 11/2 alignment effects in121La

1991

In a γ-spectroscopic study, excited states in the very neutron deficient nucleus121La have been established for the first time. Rotational bands built on the 9/2+[404] and l/2−[550] Nilsson orbitals are observed up to a maximum spin of tentatively 51/2ħ. The experimental results are compared with Total Routhian Surface calculations.

Apple pomace: An enzyme system for producing aroma compounds from polyunsaturated fatty acids

1991

This paper reports on the possibility of obtaining C-6 (hexanal) and C-10 (2,4-dedadienal) volatile aldehydes by degradation of linoleic acid (C18∶2 Δ 9–12) under the action of the intrinsic enzyme systems found in apple pomace. More aroma compounds are produced by micronization of the pomace and by adding SO2 (60 ppm) and vitamin C (500 ppm), thereby synergistically counteracting oxidation of phenolic compounds, which is a limiting factor in bioconversion.