Search results for "GENERATOR"
showing 10 items of 426 documents
Monothetic algebraic groups
2007
AbstractWe call an algebraic group monothetic if it possesses a dense cyclic subgroup. For an arbitrary field k we describe the structure of all, not necessarily affine, monothetic k-groups G and determine in which cases G has a k-rational generator.
PNeuro: A scalable energy-efficient programmable hardware accelerator for neural networks
2018
Proceedings of a meeting held 19-23 March 2018, Dresden, Germany; International audience; Artificial intelligence and especially Machine Learning recently gained a lot of interest from the industry. Indeed, new generation of neural networks built with a large number of successive computing layers enables a large amount of new applications and services implemented from smart sensors to data centers. These Deep Neural Networks (DNN) can interpret signals to recognize objects or situations to drive decision processes. However, their integration into embedded systems remains challenging due to their high computing needs. This paper presents PNeuro, a scalable energy-efficient hardware accelerat…
Experimental determination of the kurtosis of RF noise in microwave low-noise devices
2000
Abstract The degree of the Gaussian nature of the white noise present in microwave low-noise devices is experimentally investigated. The chosen experimental technique consists of simultaneously digitizing four versions of the noise which are amplified by four parallel independent amplifiers. The four independent signals are then used to compute the second, and, to a good approximation, the fourth moment of the noise. The ratio of the fourth moment to the square of the second moment is the kurtosis of the noise. Gaussian processes are characterized by a kurtosis equal to 3. A deviation from this value gives an indication about the degree of non-Gaussian nature of the noise. By using this tec…
Langevin Approach to Understand the Noise of Microwave Transistors
2004
A Langevin approach to understand the noise of microwave devices is presented. The device is represented by its equivalent circuit with the internal noise sources included as stochastic processes. From the circuit network analysis, a stochastic integral equation for the output voltage is derived and from its power spectrum the noise figure as a function of the operating frequency is obtained. The theoretical results have been compared with experimental data obtained by the characterization of an HEMT transistor series (NE20283A, by NEC) from 6 to 18 GHz at a low noise bias point. The reported procedure exhibits good accuracy, within the typical uncertainty range of any experimental determin…
Advanced PSA Bipolar Transistors for Wireless Applications: Measurements of Scattering Parameters and Noise Figure
1994
A complete investigation on the performance of a series of double polysilicon self-aligned (PSA) bipolar transistors in terms of scattering parameters and noise figure is here reported. The devices have been characterized over the 1-4 GHz frequency range in several bias conditions to the aim of assessing the optimum bias values for the best trade-off between noise and gain performance. This is the first part of an extensive investigation currently performed on 5 families of PSA devices having different emitter configuration and size which have been manufactured by SGS-Thomson to undergo a comparative analysis on the global transistor performance.
A Method for Accurate Measurements of Optimum Noise Parameters of Microwave Transistors
1985
A method for measuring losses of the tuner network used as noise source admittance transformer in transistor noise parameter test-set is presented. Since the method is based on noise figure measurements, tuner losses can be determined on-line while performing measurements for determining transistor noise parameters. As experimental verifications the optimum noise parameters of a GaAs FET in the 4 - 12 GHz frequency range, measured through a computer-assisted measuring system, are reported.
Influence Of The Model Parameters On The Noise Performance Of Double-polysilicon BJTs For Microwave LNA's
1997
In the recent post we have measured the noise and the scattering parameters of several series of double polysilicon BJT's over the 2-6 GHz frequency range at different collector current values, according to their emitter finger number. From the experimental data, a noisy circuit model has been extracted based on a T-equivalent network. By means of the correlation matrix techniques, novel analytical expressions of the noise parameters have been derived. As a second step, a sensitivity analysis has been performed for evaluating the influence of each model element on the noise performance. The results show how to improve the characteristics of such devices for a better performance when employe…
Three Different Methods for Determining the Microwave Noise Parameters of HEMT's at Decreasing Temperatures
1998
The noise characteristics of any transistor are usually represented by means of four parameters which are frequency-, bias- and temperature-dependent, similarly to the scattering parameters. The noise parameters are determined by a standard indirect procedure based on multiple noise figure measurements and appropriate data processing techniques requiring a complex instrumentation set-up and skilled operators. As an alterative way, we have shown that the noise parameters of packaged HEAMT's can be computed with very good accuracy from the analysis of a noisy circuit model derived from the scattering parameters plus a single noise figure measurement. A third way exists for the determination o…
Comparison between two measuring methods for complete characterization of low-noise HEMTs at microwaves
1996
The good performances of a set-up for the complete characterization of HEMTs up to 40 Ghz in terms of noise and scattering parameters through noise figure measurements only are shown by many experimental results. Because of some inconveniences in practice the use of the method is suggested for research laboratories only. For industrial applications an alternative symplified method is proposed whose performances are shown to be in surprising agreement with the ones of the standard method.
ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS OF OPTIMUM NOISE PARAMETERS OF MICROWAVE TRANSISTORS
1986
A method for measuring losses of the tuner network used as noise source admittance transformer in transistor noise parameter test-set is presented. Since the method is based on noise figure measurements, tuner losses can be determined on-line while performing measurements for determining transistor noise parameters. As experimental verifications the optimum noise parameters of a GaAs FET in the 4 - 12 GHz frequency range, measured through a computer-assisted measuring system, are reported.