Search results for "Ionic polymerization"
showing 10 items of 481 documents
In Vivo Gene-Silencing in Fibrotic Liver by siRNA-Loaded Cationic Nanohydrogel Particles
2015
Cationic nanohydrogel particles loaded with anti-Col1α1 siRNA suppress collagen synthesis and deposition in fibrotic mice: Systemically administered 40 nm sized nanogel particles accumulate in collagen-expressing cells in the liver. Their siRNA payload induces a sequence specific in vivo gene knockdown affording an efficient antifibrotic effect in mice with liver fibrosis.
Cationic Nanohydrogel Particles for Therapeutic Oligonucleotide Delivery.
2017
Short pharmaceutical active oligonucleotides such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) or cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) are considered as powerful therapeutic alternatives, especially to medicate hard-to-treat diseases (e.g., liver fibrosis or cancer). Unfortunately, these molecules are equipped with poor pharmacokinetic properties that prevent them from translation. Well-defined nanosized carriers can provide opportunities to optimize their delivery and guide them to their site of action. Among several concepts, this Feature Article focuses on cationic nanohydrogel particles as a universal delivery system for small anionic molecules including siRNA and CpG. Cationic nanohydrogels are deri…
Cyclodextrins in polymer synthesis: free radical polymerization of cyclodextrin host-guest complexes of methyl methacrylate or styrene from homogenou…
2000
The polymerization of methylated β-cyclodextrin (m-β-CD) 1 : 1 host-guest compounds of methyl methacrylate (MMA) (1) or styrene (2) is described. The polymerization of complexes 1 a and 2 a was carried out in water with potassium peroxodisulfate (K2S2O8)/sodium hydrogensulfite (NaHSO3) as radical redox initiator at 60°C. Unthreading of m-β-CD during the polymerization led to water-insoluble poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (3) and polystyrene (4). By comparison, analogously prepared polymers from uncomplexed monomers 1 and 2 in ethanol as organic solvent with 2,2′-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as radical initiator showed significantly lower molecular weights and were obtained in lower yields i…
Multifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol)s
2011
In the rapidly evolving multidisciplinary field of polymer therapeutics, tailored polymer structures represent the key constituent to explore and harvest the potential of bioactive macromolecular hybrid structures. In light of the recent developments for anticancer drug conjugates, multifunctional polymers are becoming ever more relevant as drug carriers. However, the potentially best suited polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), is unfavorable owing to its limited functionality. Therefore, multifunctional linear copolymers (mf-PEGs) based on ethylene oxide (EO) and appropriate epoxide comonomers are attracting increased attention. Precisely engineered via living anionic polymerization and d…
New Magnetic Thin Film Hybrid Materials Built by the Incorporation of Octanickel(II)-oxamato Clusters Between Clay Mineral Platelets
2011
We report on a new method based on the combination of Langmuir-Schaefer deposition with self-assembly to insert highly anisotropic Ni(8) molecules in a hybrid organic-inorganic nanostructure. Spectroscopic, crystallographic, and magnetic data prove the successful insertion of the guest cationic molecule between templating clay platelets. These results open a new route toward the highly controlled fabrication of tailored functional organic-inorganic nanomaterials.
Reversibly stable thiopolyplexes for intracellular delivery of genes.
2006
Novel polyaspartamide non-viral carriers for gene therapy were synthesized by introducing, on the same polymer backbone, positively charged groups, for electrostatic interactions with DNA, and thiol groups for the formation of disulfide bridges between polymer chains. The introduction of thiols was aimed to have a vector with low redox potential sensitivity: disulfide crosslinking in fact, being stable in extracellular environment, allowed either to have stable complexes in plasma, that can protect DNA from metabolism, or to be reduced inside the cell, where the excess of glutathion in reduced form maintains a low redox potential. The consequent destabilization of the complex after disulfid…
Synthesis of Both Ionic Species of Ammonium Dithiocarbamate Derived Cholic Acid Moieties
2011
The reaction of 3-aminopropylamide of cholic acid with CS2 produced a bile acid derivative of dithiocarbamic acid which further formed an ammonium salt with another molecule of 3-aminopropylamide of cholic acid. The cationic 3-ammonium propylamide of cholic acid did not react further with CS2 and the formed salt was stable in the reaction mixture, even when excess CS2 was used. When the reaction was carried out in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide, only the bile acid derivative of sodium dithiocarbamate was formed. The dithiocarbamate derivatives were characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and ESI-TOF mass spectrometry.
Two polymorphs Ni(II) complexes containing the dicyanamide ligand: syntheses, structures and magnetic properties of {[Ni(meso-CTH)(μ1,5-dca)]ClO4}n a…
2004
Abstract Two polymorphs Ni(II) complexes {[Ni(meso-CTH)(μ1,5-dca)]ClO4}n (1) and [Ni(meso-CTH)][Ni(meso-CTH)(dca)2](ClO4)2 (2) have been obtained in the same synthesis from dicyanamide (dca) and [Ni(meso-CTH)](ClO4)2 and have been characterized by X-ray crystallography and magnetic measurements. Complex 1 is a 1D cationic polymeric zig-zag chain with single end-to-end dca bridges connecting Ni(II) ions in trans positions, whereas in compound 2 coexist two different types of Ni(II) mononuclear units, cationic square-planar and neutral octahedral. Variable-temperature magnetic measurements reveal weak ferromagnetic interactions across the single end-to-end dca bridges in 1, while for 2 the ma…
Hybrid materials containing organometallic cations and 3-D anionic metal dicyanamide networks of type [Cp*2M][M′(dca)3]
2004
A new series of hybrid materials of type [Cp*2M][M′(dca)3] has been prepared by cation templation and structurally characterised (M = Fe(III), Co(III); M′ = Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II); dca− = N(CN)2−). The crystallographic analysis of [Cp*2Fe][Cd(dca)3] showed that the [Cd(dca)3]− anionic framework is of a symmetrical 3-D α-polonium type, containing octahedral Cd nodes and μ1,5-dca bridging ligands. The [Cp*2Fe]+ cations occupy the cube-like cavities within the framework. The cationic and anionic-framework sublattices remain magnetically independent and display susceptibilities, over the range 300 to 2 K, of a Curie–Weiss nature obtained by adding a S = 1/2 (Cp*2Fe+) or a S = 0 …
Human cationic amino acid transporter hCAT-3 is preferentially expressed in peripheral tissues.
2001
At least five distinct carrier proteins form the family of mammalian cationic amino acid transporters (CATs). We have cloned a cDNA containing the complete coding region of human CAT-3. hCAT-3 is glycosylated and localized to the plasma membrane. Transport studies in Xenopus laevis oocytes revealed that hCAT-3 is selective for cationic L-amino acids and exhibits a maximal transport activity similar to other CAT proteins. The apparent substrate affinity and sensitivity to trans-stimulation of hCAT-3 resembles most closely hCAT-2B. This is in contrast to rat and murine CAT-3 proteins that have been reported to display a very low activity and to be inhibited by neutral and anionic L-amino acid…