Search results for "Musca"

The non-neuronal cholinergic system

2012

Immunohistochemistry of cholinergic receptors.

1992

Acetylcholine and its receptors are involved in a variety of important signal transduction processes. As shown here paradigmatically for the human neuromuscular junction and the cerebral cortex, acetylcholine receptors can be visualized immunohistochemically at the cellular and subcellular level under physiological and pathological conditions. At normal motor endplates nicotinic cholinoceptors are localized at the surface of the postsynaptic junctional folds. In myasthenic syndromes investigation of muscle biopsies enables the diagnosis of receptor deficiencies at the ultrastructural level. In normal cerebral cortex pyramidal neurons are equipped with both nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcho…

LABA/LAMA fixed-dose combinations in patients with COPD: A systematic review

2018

Paola Rogliani,1 Luigino Calzetta,1 Fulvio Braido,2 Mario Cazzola,1 Enrico Clini,3 Girolamo Pelaia,4 Andrea Rossi,5 Nicola Scichilone,6 Fabiano Di Marco7 1Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; 2Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Martino Genoa University Hospital, Genoa, Italy; 3Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 4Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Respiratory Diseases, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy; 5Pulmonary Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; 6Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 7…

Farmacologia de la solifenacina

2010

Departamento de Farmacologia. Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia. Universidad de Valencia. Valencia. Espana.Resumen.- Los antimuscarinicos son los farmacos de primera eleccion para el tratamiento del sindrome de vejiga hiperactiva y su relacion beneficio/riesgo depen-de en gran medida de la selectividad por los distintos subtipos de receptores muscarinicos. Solifenacina es el antimuscarinico que muestra mayor selectividad por los receptores M3 vesicales, lo que puede traducirse en una menor incidencia de reacciones adversas relacionadas con otros subtipos de receptor. Las vias metabolicas de los antimuscarinicos pueden influir en la eficacia y en la aparicion de interacciones. Solifenacina es …

Chapter 17 Muscarinic receptors and cell signalling

1996

Publisher Summary Cells have developed signal transduction mechanisms in order to communicate with the cell exterior. Acetylcholine as an external signal is recognized by nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. This chapter presents various muscarinic receptors belonging to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors consisting of seven transmembrane (TM) helices tightly packed in a ring-like structure and arranged in a counter-clockwise fashion. Agonist binding leads to a conformational change of the receptor, thereby activating associated G proteins. Muscarinic stimulation of G proteins leads to the activation or inhibition of ion channels, such as K + and Ca 2+ channels, the activation of…

Modulatory control by non-competitive agonists of nicotinic cholinergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system

1995

Abstract Several exogenous and endogenous compounds have been discovered that act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as non-competitive agonists (NCA) of low efficacy, and probably also as allosteric regulators of the receptor's sensitivity to acetylcholine. Nicotinic NCAs may be viewed as another facet in the increasingly complex picture of vertebrate brain organization, i.e. they may be part of a higher level ‘chemical’ network that overlays the neuronal network of the CNS. Furthermore, exogenous NCAs may provide a new therapeutic approach to Alzheimer's dementia.

Central cholinergic functions in human amyloid precursor protein knock-in/presenilin-1 transgenic mice.

2004

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by amyloid peptide formation and deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, central cholinergic dysfunction, and dementia; however, the relationship between these parameters is not well understood. We studied the effect of amyloid peptide formation and deposition on central cholinergic function in knock-in mice carrying the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene with the Swedish/London double mutation (APP-SL mice) which were crossbred with transgenic mice overexpressing normal (PS1wt) or mutated (M146L; PS1mut) human presenilin-1. APP-SLxPS1mut mice had increased levels of Abeta peptides at 10 months of age and amyloid plaques at 14 months of age while AP…

Mannitol in Amanita muscaria – An osmotic blood–brain barrier disruptor enhancing its hallucinogenic action?

2013

Hypothesis have been made that relatively high level of mannitol present in the tissues of fly agaric (Amanita muscaria) enables more efficient transportation of these active substances into the brain and thus enhance their total activity. It may have been supported by the fact that hallucinogenic effect after A. muscaria consumption is greater than after ingestion of an active substance quantity which the eaten fungi dose contain.

Reduction of clozapine-induced hypersalivation by pirenzepine is safe.

2004

Introduction Hypersalivation is known as a frequent, disturbing, and socially stigmatizing side effect of therapy with the atypical antipsychotic clozapine. It has been shown that the addition of the anticholinergic pirenzepine is able to reduce clozapine-induced hypersalivation, probably by blocking M4-receptors. Nevertheless, a pharmacokinetic interaction between both compounds cannot be excluded. Methods In this pilot study, 29 schizophrenic patients (ICD-10; 51.7 % female; age: 36.7 +/- 8.7 years [mean +/- SD]) were included. Serum concentrations of clozapine and its pharmacologically active metabolite N-desmethylclozapine were determined under steady-state conditions by automated HPLC …

I RODITORI DI CAVA MONTICINO (BRISIGHELLA, RA)

2021

Rodents are the most abundant group of small mammals occurring in Brisighella deposits. They are represented by 12 species in total, among which 2 hamsters (Apocricetus cf. barrierei and Ruscinomys cf. lasallei), 2 dormice (Muscardinus sp. and Myomimus sp.), 1 porcupine (Hystrix (Hystrix) depereti), 2 sciurids (Atlantoxerus cf. rhodius and Hylopetes sp.) and 5 species of muridae (Apodemus cf. gudrunae, Centralomys benericettii, Occitanomys sp, Paraethomys meini and Stephanomys debruijni). This association suggests a relatively dry open environment, interrupted by forest environment with more or less dense underground.