Bulk spin polarization of magnetite from spin-resolved hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Physical review / B 104(4), 045129 (1-10) (2021). doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.104.045129

Monitoring surface resonances on Co2MnSi(100) by spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy

The magnitude of the spin polarization at the Fermi level of ferromagnetic materials at room temperature is a key property for spintronics. Investigating the Heusler compound Co$_2$MnSi a value of 93$\%$ for the spin polarization has been observed at room temperature, where the high spin polarization is related to a stable surface resonance in the majority band extending deep into the bulk. In particular, we identified in our spectroscopical analysis that this surface resonance is embedded in the bulk continuum with a strong coupling to the majority bulk states. The resonance behaves very bulk-like, as it extends over the first six atomic layers of the corresponding (001)-surface. Our study…

Compositional dependence of element-specific magnetic moments in Ni2MnGa films

Element-specific magnetic moments were investigated for epitaxial Ni2Mn1+xGa1−x and (Ni2MnGa)1−x(Co2FeSi)x Heusler films using x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray circular magnetic dichroism in transmission. The epitaxial films of the Ni2MnGa-derived compositions were prepared by dc-sputtering on Al2O3 substrates at 773 K. X-ray diffraction confirms a (1 1 0) oriented growth. An increase in the Mn concentration reduces the magnetic spin moment of both Mn and Ni. An increase in the content of Co2FeSi in the Ni2MnGa compound leads to an increase in the Mn and Ni spin moments and to a decrease in Tm for 5% Co2FeSi and finally to a suppression of the phase transition for 20% Co2FeSi. The or…

Itinerant half-metallic ferromagnetsCo2TiZ(Z=Si, Ge, Sn):Ab initiocalculations and measurement of the electronic structure and transport properties

This work reports on ab initio calculations and experiments on the half-metallic ferromagnetic Heusler compounds ${\text{Co}}_{2}\text{Ti}Z$ $(Z=\text{Si},\text{ }\text{Ge},\text{ }\text{Sn})$. Aim is a comprehensive study of the electronic-structure and thermoelectric properties. The impact of the variation in the main group element $Z$ on those properties is discussed. X-ray diffraction was performed on the compounds and the lattice parameters are compared to other ${\text{Co}}_{2}$-based compounds. Hard x-ray photoemission measurements were carried out and the results are compared to the calculated electronic structure. The experimentally determined electronic structure, magnetic propert…

Large area conductive nanoaperture arrays with strong optical resonances and spectrally flat terahertz transmission

Using simple and inexpensive nanosphere lithography, we produce large, centimeter-squared sized thin golden films patterned with a hexagonal array of nanoapertures with controllable dimensions on the order of 100–300 nm, spaced by a 350–375 nm pitch distance. The optical transmission spectra of our samples are dominated by the resonant plasmonic features in the spectral range 500–700 nm, caused by the nanostructure in the film. At the same time, the transmission at terahertz (THz) radiation is as high as ∼10% and is spectrally flat. Our measurements are in agreement with finite difference time domain simulations. Such thin metal hole array films allow for very efficient injection of optical…

Interface magnetization of ultrathin epitaxial Co2FeSi(110)/Al2O3films

Element-specific magnetic properties of ultrathin epitaxial Co2FeSi(110) films were measured using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The epitaxial Heusler films were grown by RF magnetron sputtering on substrates. The magnetization of thicker films as determined by XMCD is smaller than expected for a half-metallic material. In addition, the magnetization decreases considerably for films thinner than 10 nm. The thickness dependence of the magnetic moment can be described by introducing a certain number of dead layers representing a deficiency of magnetization at the interfaces. Quantitative evaluation results in a dead layer thickness of 0.8 nm at room temperature, consisting of a te…

Momentum-resolved photoelectron absorption in surface barrier scattering on Ir(111) and graphene/Ir(111)

Physical review / B 96(15), 155108 (2017). doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.96.155108

Correlation of local disorder and electronic properties in the Heusler alloy Co2Cr0.6Fe0.4Al

For the fully ordered Heusler alloy Co2Cr0.6Fe0.4Al half-metallic ferromagnetism has been predicted. Local disorder other than the Al–Cr/Fe (B2)-type disorder is known to destroy the half-metallic bandgap. The usage of appropriate buffer layers improves the structural quality of thin films. We correlate the structural properties of thin magnetron sputtered films determined by x-ray diffraction with details of the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra. From the value of the magnetic moment located at the Cr atom and features of the Co absorption spectra we conclude that the buffer layers lead also to an improvement in the local atomic order. The atomic ordering gradually approaches the l…

Disentangling the Mn moments on different sublattices in the half-metallic ferrimagnet Mn3−xCoxGa

Ferrimagnetic Mn3−xCoxGa compounds have been investigated by magnetic circular dichroism in x-ray absorption (XMCD). Compounds with x>0.5 crystallize in the CuHg2Ti structure. A tetragonal distortion of the cubic structure occurs for x≤0.5. For the cubic phase, magnetometry reveals a linearly increasing magnetization of 2x Bohr magnetons per formula unit obeying the generalized Slater–Pauling rule. XMCD confirms the ferrimagnetic character with Mn atoms occupying two different sublattices with antiparallel spin orientation and different degrees of spin localization and identifies the region 0.6<x≤0.8 as most promising for a high spin polarization at the Fermi level. Individual Mn moments on…

Dünne epitaktische Filme der Heusler-Phase Co2Cr0,6Fe0,4Al

Localized magnetic moments in the Heusler alloy Rh2MnGe

X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) of core-level absorption (x-ray absorption spectroscopy, XAS) spectra in the soft x-ray region has been measured for the ferromagnetic Heusler alloy Rh2MnGe at the Rh M3,2 and Mn L3,2 edges. The ratio of Rh and Mn spin moments amounts to 0.05 which is smaller than the ratio of 0.1 determined by a local density approximation electronic band structure calculation. We have found that the orbital moments of the Rh 4d and Mn 3d states are very small. The observed Rh 2p XAS spectrum can be understood on the basis of the Rh 3d partial density of unoccupied states as is typical for metals. The observed features of the Mn 2p XAS and XMCD spectra are dominated…

Element-specific magnetic moments from core-absorption magnetic circular dichroism of the doped Heusler alloyCo2Cr0.6Fe0.4Al

The magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of core-level absorption (x-ray absorption spectroscopy, XAS) spectra in the soft x-ray region has been measured for the ferromagnetic Heusler alloy ${\mathrm{Co}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{0.6}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.4}\mathrm{Al}$ at the Co, Fe, and Cr ${L}_{II,III}$ edges. The comparison of XAS spectra before and after in situ cleaning of polished surfaces revealed a pronounced selective oxidation of Cr in air. For clean surfaces we observed a MCD for all three elements with Fe showing the largest moment per atom. The MCD can be explained by the density of states of the $3d$ unoccupied states, predicted by linear muffin-tin orbital atomic sphere approximation. For …

Element-specific magnetic properties of mixed 3d−4f metallacrowns

Single molecule magnets comprising rare earth metals are of high interest due to the unquenched orbital moments of the rare earth ions that result in a large energy barrier for magnetization reversal. We investigate the magnetic properties of polynuclear $3d\text{\ensuremath{-}}4f15$-MC-5 metallacrowns using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism of powder samples at a temperature of 7 K in a magnetic field of 7 T. The sum rule analysis reveals element-specific spin and orbital moments. The magnetic moments of the $3d$ transition metal Ni(II) ions are coupled antiferromagnetically to each other and contribute only little to the total molecular moment. The spin and orbital moments of the rare ear…

Structural and Magnetic Dynamics in the Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy Ni$_2$MnGa

Magnetic shape memory Heusler alloys are multiferroics stabilized by the correlations between electronic, magnetic and structural order. To study these correlations we use time resolved x-ray diffraction and magneto-optical Kerr effect experiments to measure the laser induced dynamics in a Heusler alloy Ni$_2$MnGa film and reveal a set of timescales intrinsic to the system. We observe a coherent phonon which we identify as the amplitudon of the modulated structure and an ultrafast phase transition leading to a quenching of the incommensurate modulation within 300~fs with a recovery time of a few ps. The thermally driven martensitic transition to the high temperature cubic phase proceeds via…

Charge transfer and tunable minority band gap at the Fermi energy of a quaternaryCo2(MnxTi1−x)GeHeusler alloy

We investigate the distribution of element-specific magnetic moments and changes in the spin-resolved unoccupied density of states in a series of half-metallic ${\text{Co}}_{2}({\text{Mn}}_{x}{\text{Ti}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x})\text{Ge}$ Heusler alloys using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The Co and Mn magnetic moments are oriented parallel while a small Ti moment shows antiparallel to the mean magnetization. The element-specific magnetic moments remain almost independent on the composition. Therefore, a replacement of Ti by Mn results in an increase in magnetization. The increase in magnetization with increasing $x$ follows the Slater-Pauling rule. The Fermi level decreases with respect to…

Element-specific magnetic properties of Co2(Mn1−xFex)Si films probed by x-ray magnetic circular/linear dichroism

Element-specific magnetic properties of epitaxial Co${}_{2}$Fe${}_{x}$Mn${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Si/MgO(100) Heusler films prepared by laser ablation are measured by circular dichroism in x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XMCD). Surface and bulk magnetization of the 100-nm-thick films are equal as tested by comparing the total electron yield and transmission measurements and follow the generalized Slater-Pauling rule. For Co${}_{2}$FeSi, the large magnetization of 6 ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ per formula unit indicates half-metallic behavior. Calculations using the local spin density approximation (LDA) result in a half-metallic band structure for this compound when an additional electron-electron…

Reorientation of magnetization states in Fe-nanostripe arrays on stepped W(110) caused by adsorption of CO, H2 and O2

Abstract Fe-Nanostripe arrays of alternating double layer (DL) and monolayer (ML) stripes were grown on stepped W(1 1 0) surfaces by MBE. Magnetic properties were measured in situ in UHV using the polar and longitudinal magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) during exposure to CO, H2 and O2. The longitudinal Kerr signal increases and the polar signal decreases with increasing exposure of all three gases. A sudden onset of perpendicular remanence was observed at exposures characteristic for each particular gas.

Temperature dependence of x-ray absorption spectra in the ferromagnetic Heusler alloysMn2VAlandCo2FeAl

We investigate the temperature dependence of the spin-resolved unoccupied density of states (DOS) in ferromagnetic ${\text{Co}}_{2}\text{FeAl}$ and ferrimagnetic ${\text{Mn}}_{2}\text{VAl}$ epitaxial films on MgO(100) using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. We observe an unexpected strong temperature dependence of the DOS beyond the change expected from the Fermi distribution function. An increase in spectral weight is observed for majority states below the Fermi energy in the case of ${\text{Mn}}_{2}\text{VAl}$ and for minority states above the Fermi energy in the case of ${\text{Co}}_{2}\text{FeAl}$. Reduced atomic order near the interface suppresses the unexpected temperature dependence…

Torsion oscillation magnetometry (TOM) of Fe films on Ni(111)/W(110) substrates

Abstract Fe films 2–20 atomic monolayers (ML) thick have been deposited on Ni(1 1 1) films (4–60 ML) prepared on W(1 1 0) under UHV conditions. The Ni(1 1 1) films grow in a Nishijama–Wassermann orientation with a 3.6% lattice expansion along Ni[2 1 1] (‖ W[1 1 0]). On top of these slightly distorted Ni films iron is observed to grow preferentially in two mirror orientations. The saturation magnetization of these Fe films and the anisotropies of Fe/Ni bilayers have been studied using torsion oscillation magnetometry. The magnetization of the Fe films of 2.13 μB per atom is close to the bulk value of Fe. The out-of-plane surface (interface) anisotropy constant KFeNis=(−0.65±0.15) mJ/m2 of th…

Progress in HAXPES performance combining full-field k-imaging with time-of-flight recording

Journal of synchrotron radiation 26(6), 1996-2012 (2019). doi:10.1107/S1600577519012773

Magnetism of metallacrown single-molecule magnets: From a simplest model to realistic systems

Electronic and magnetic properties of molecular nanomagnets are determined by competing energy scales due to the crystal field splitting, the exchange interactions between transition metal atoms, and relativistic effects. We present a comprehensive theory embracing all these phenomena based on first-principles calculations. In order to achieve this goal, we start from the ${\mathrm{FeNi}}_{4}$ cluster as a paradigm. The system can be accurately described on the ab initio level yielding all expected electronic states in a range of multiplicities from 1 to 9, with a ferromagnetic ground state. By adding the spin-orbit coupling between them we obtain the zero-field splitting. This allows to in…

Solvent-induced high-spin transition in double-decker 3d–4f metallacrowns

Element-specific magnetic spin and orbital magnetic moments of $3d\text{\ensuremath{-}}4f$ double-decker metallacrown molecules have been investigated using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The double-decker metallacrowns comprise one rare-earth Gd(III) or Tb(III) ion embedded between two squared scaffolds of four Ni(II) ions. We observe a strong increase of the Ni(II) moments if the molecules are dissolved in methanol, indicating a spin crossover from a low-spin to a high-spin state. In contrast, dichloromethane does not change the spin state. This result is explained by a change of the coordination environment of nickel. The comparison of charge-transfer multiplet calculations with the …

Charakterisierung von dotierten Heusler-Verbindungen: Co2Cr1−xFexAl

Hosting of surface states in spin–orbit induced projected bulk band gaps of W(1 1 0) and Ir(1 1 1)

Journal of physics / Condensed matter 29(25), 255001 - (2017). doi:10.1088/1361-648X/aa7173

Exchange coupling in the correlated electronic states of amorphous GdFe films

The bulk sensitivity of hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with circularly polarized radiation of the P09 beamline at PETRA III enables the investigation of the magnetic properties of capped films. We have determined the temperature dependence of the magnetic circular dichroism in the Fe 2$p$ and in the Gd 3$d$ states in amorphous GdFe films. The magnetic dichroism reflects the stronger temperature dependence of Gd moments compared to Fe moments in agreement with mean-field models. We resolved the exchange split Gd 3${d}_{5/2}$ substates and found a significant temperature dependence of the splitting which is attributed to a temperature dependent part of the exchange energ…

Electronic properties of Co2FeSi investigated by X-ray magnetic linear dichroism

We present experimental XMLD spectra measured on epitaxial (001)-oriented thin Co$_{2}$FeSi films, which are rich in features and depend sensitively on the degree of atomic order and interdiffusion from capping layers. Al- and Cr-capped films with different degrees of atomic order were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering by varying the deposition temperatures. The local structural properties of the film samples were additionally investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. The XMLD spectra of the different samples show clear and uniform trends at the $L_{3,2}$ edges. The Al-capped samples show similar behavior as previous measured XMLD spectra of Co$_2$FeSi$_{0.6}$Al$_{0.4…

Manipulation of antiferromagnetic domain distribution in Mn2 Au by ultrahigh magnetic fields and by strain

Evidence for a spin reorientation in antiferromagnetic (AFM) Mn2Au thin films induced by high magnetic fields as well as by the application of in-plane mechanical stress is provided. The AFM domain population in the samples was investigated by resonant X-ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism (XMLD) measurements at the L3 edge of Mn using a variable linear polarization of the incident photon beam. As grown samples show no XMLD signal due to averaging over a random AFM domain distribution. After the exposure to a 70 T in-plane magnetic field a clear XMLD signal indicating the generation of a preferential AFM domain orientation is obtained. The same type of XMLD signal is observed when the thin films …

Magnetic and structural investigations of ultra-thin Co–Fe alloy films on W(1 1 0)

Abstract We investigated ultra-thin CoxFe1−x films on a flat and vicinal BCC W(1 1 0) surface with thicknesses between 1.8 and 7 monolayers (ML) using longitudinal Kerr magnetometry. We found a transition from magnetic bulk behavior between 3 and 4 ML to the monolayer. The maximum of the remnant Kerr signal that appears for thicker films at x=0.5 turns into a minimum for a sample thickness below 4 ML , while the specific Kerr-rotation per monolayer shows the well known bulk behavior. A similar magnetic behavior on the flat as well as on the stepped part of the substrate indicates that this is an intrinsic property. For x=0.5 the pseudomorphic monolayer is paramagnetic even when it is covere…

Morphology and magnetism of Fe on vicinal W(110) surfaces with different step orientation

Abstract Nanostructures of monolayer height of single-crystalline Fe(1 1 0) films were grown on stepped W(1 1 0) surfaces. The growth mode strongly depends on the step orientation of the substrate. Continuous stripes are formed at steps along the [1 0 0] direction whereas triangular shaped islands grow on substrates with [1 −1 0]-oriented step edges. No ferromagnetic order was found in submonolayer films grown on [1 −1 0]-steps. The nanostripe array on [1 0 0] steps shows a ferromagnetic phase-transition with a critical behavior different from the Ising-like phase transition observed for submonolayer films grown on smooth W(1 1 0). The magnetic easy axis in the samples is oriented parallel …

Microscopic origin of magnetic anisotropy in martensitic Ni2MnGa

The microscopic origin of magnetic anisotropy in the shape memory alloy Ni${}_{2}$MnGa is investigated by means of x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in transmission mode. Field- and angle-dependent dichroism spectra of epitaxial Ni${}_{2}$MnGa(101)/MgO(001) films reveal pronounced differences for magnetization aligned parallel and perpendicular to the film plane. These differences are related to an anisotropy of the orbital magnetic moment in agreement with the observed out-of-plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The spectral variation of the x-ray absorption originates from changes in the spin-projected density of states when the magnetization vector is rotated from the easy to the hard ma…

Oxidation-driven changes of the in-plane magnetic surface anisotropies of the Fe(110)/Al interface

Abstract Thin epitaxial iron films grown on W(1 1 0) were covered by ultrathin epitaxial aluminium layers of varying thicknesses from 0.2 to 0.6 nm and subsequently naturally oxidized in situ with oxygen exposures up to 150 L. Correlations between the oxidation states of the Al covers and changes of the in-plane magnetic anisotropies at the Fe(1 1 0)/Al interface were discussed on the basis of results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and longitudinal magneto-optical Kerr magnetometry measurements. The Al coverage decreases the second-order in-plane surface anisotropy of the Fe(1 1 0) surface. Whereas for the thinnest Al covers, the second-order in-plane magnetic surface anisotropy decr…

Epitaxial films of the magnetic shape memory material

Abstract By DC-sputtering from a stoichiometric target onto sapphire substrates we prepared epitaxial films of Ni 2 MnGa . X-ray diffraction in two circle geometry shows only the Ni 2 MnGa peaks corresponding to a (1 1 0) oriented growth on the (1 1 0) oriented sapphire substrate. Rocking curve scans shows that the out of plane orientation has a width of only 1 . 1 ∘ . By four circle X-ray diffraction we find an in-plane aligned growth. The Curie temperature as determined by SQUID magnetometry is 368 K. On cooling down the low field magnetization drops at around 260–280 K indicating the austenite to martensite transition. The presence of two different phases at high and low temperature also…

Néel Spin-Orbit Torque Driven Antiferromagnetic Resonance in Mn2Au Probed by Time-Domain THz Spectroscopy

We observe the excitation of collective modes in the terahertz (THz) range driven by the recently discovered Neel spin-orbit torques (NSOTs) in the metallic antiferromagnet Mn_{2}Au. Temperature-dependent THz spectroscopy reveals a strong absorption mode centered near 1 THz, which upon heating from 4 to 450 K softens and loses intensity. A comparison with the estimated eigenmode frequencies implies that the observed mode is an in-plane antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR). The AFMR absorption strength exceeds those found in antiferromagnetic insulators, driven by the magnetic field of the THz radiation, by 3 orders of magnitude. Based on this and the agreement with our theory modeling, we inf…

Strain detection in non-magnetic steel by Kerr-microscopy of magnetic tracer layers

Abstract For many applications of steel, e.g. for the evaluation of the fatigue state of components or structures, the characterization of the microscopic strain distribution in the material is important. We present a proof-of-principle for the visualization of such strain distributions by Kerr-microscopy of ferromagnetic tracer layers on nonmagnetic steel sheets. The influence of indentation induced strain on the magnetic domain pattern of 20 nm Galfenol and Permalloy tracer layers on austenitic AISI 904L steel sheets was investigated. The obtained Kerr-microscopy images show a characteristic domain pattern in the strained regions of the steel sheets, which is consistent with a dominant ma…

Multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy—the space-charge limit

New journal of physics 20(3), 033004 - (2018). doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aaa262

Thin epitaxial films of the Heusler compound

Abstract We prepared thin films of the Heusler compound Co 2 Cr 0.6 Fe 0.4 Al with the B2 structure on a-plane (1 1  2 ¯  0) Al 2 O 3 by sputtering. Films grown at high temperatures ( T ⩾ 600 ∘ C ) on Al 2 O 3 are fully epitaxial with the (1 1 0) and (1  1 ¯  0) planes of the film parallel to the (1 1  2 ¯  0) and (0 0 0 1) planes of the substrate, respectively. These epitaxial films possess a higher surface roughness than films grown at room temperature. The films show nearly rectangular hysteresis loops with coercive fields of the order of 10 mT. Magnetooptical Kerr measurements show an in-plane anisotropy of the magnetization with the easy axis in { 0 0 1 } direction. Hall measurements s…

Magnetic properties of Co2Mn1−xFexSi Heusler alloys

Co2Mn1−xFexSi Heusler alloys with Fe concentration x = 0–0.4 as prepared by arc melting show a L21 long range order for all Fe concentrations. Magnetic properties of Co2Mn1−xFexSi Heusler alloys were investigated by magnetometry and circular magnetic dichroism. The magnetization of the Fe doped Heusler alloys is in agreement with the Slater–Pauling values expected for half-metallic ferromagnets. Element specific magnetic moments as determined by x-ray absorption using the total electron yield method are in disagreement with theoretical predictions for x = 0 but approach the predicted values as the Fe concentration increases. Surprisingly small Fe concentration increases the magnetic moments…

Enhanced orbital magnetic moments in the Heusler compounds ,,

Abstract Using the magnetic circular dichroism in X-ray absorption at the L2,3-edges of the 3d-transition metals, we determined the element specific ratio between orbital and spin magnetic moment of the Heusler compounds Co 2 CrAl , Co 2 Cr 0.6 Fe 0.4 Al and Co2FeAl. The orbital magnetic moment per spin is large (0.1–0.2) compared to bulk values of Fe and Co metals.

Tuning the hole injection barrier in the intermolecular charge-transfer compoundDTBDT-F4TCNQ at metal interfaces

Molecular monolayers of the charge-transfer salt dithienobenzodithiophene-tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (DTBDT-F${}_{4}$TCNQ) have been deposited on C(R$15\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}3$)/W(110), Co/W(110), and hcp Co(0001) using molecular beam epitaxy in an ultrahigh vacuum. The integrity of the deposited molecules has been confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy has been used to determine the energetic positions of the highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied (LUMO) molecular orbital of acceptor and donor in the pure and in the mixed phase. The mixed charge transfer phase exhibits a new HOMO close to the Fermi edge depicting a charge tra…

High-resolution hard-x-ray photoelectron diffraction in a momentum microscope—the model case of graphite

New journal of physics 21(11), 113031 - (2019). doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ab51fe

Broken symmetry states of metallacrowns: Distribution of spins and the g tensor

Epitaxial film growth and magnetic properties ofCo2FeSi

We have grown thin films of the Heusler compound ${\mathrm{Co}}_{2}\mathrm{Fe}\mathrm{Si}$ by RF magnetron sputtering. On (100)-oriented MgO substrates we find fully epitaxial (100)-oriented and $L{2}_{1}$ ordered growth. On ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(11\overline{2}0)$ substrates, the film growth is (110)-oriented, and several in-plane epitaxial domains are observed. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity shows a power law with an exponent of $7∕2$ at low temperatures. Investigation of the bulk magnetic properties reveals an extrapolated saturation magnetization of $5.0{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}∕\mathrm{f.u.}$ at $0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The films on $…

Time-of-flight photoelectron momentum microscopy with 80–500 MHz photon sources: electron-optical pulse picker or bandpass pre-filter

Journal of synchrotron radiation 28(6), 1891 - 1908 (2021). doi:10.1107/S1600577521010511

CCDC 1434832: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: A. Chernenkaya, A. Morherr, S. Backes, W. Popp, S. Witt, X. Kozina, S. A. Nepijko, M. Bolte, K. Medjanik, G. Öhrwall, C. Krellner, M. Baumgarten, H. J. Elmers, G. Schönhense, H. O. Jeschke, R. Valentí|2016|J.Chem.Phys.|145|034702|doi:10.1063/1.4958659

CCDC 1434834: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: A. Chernenkaya, A. Morherr, S. Backes, W. Popp, S. Witt, X. Kozina, S. A. Nepijko, M. Bolte, K. Medjanik, G. Öhrwall, C. Krellner, M. Baumgarten, H. J. Elmers, G. Schönhense, H. O. Jeschke, R. Valentí|2016|J.Chem.Phys.|145|034702|doi:10.1063/1.4958659

CCDC 1434833: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: A. Chernenkaya, A. Morherr, S. Backes, W. Popp, S. Witt, X. Kozina, S. A. Nepijko, M. Bolte, K. Medjanik, G. Öhrwall, C. Krellner, M. Baumgarten, H. J. Elmers, G. Schönhense, H. O. Jeschke, R. Valentí|2016|J.Chem.Phys.|145|034702|doi:10.1063/1.4958659